Characterization of secretion of thymosin alpha 1 and thymosin beta 4 during prepuberty, estrus and pregnancy in the bovine female.

Wolfe MW, Vakharia DD, Wise TH, Kinder JE

Domestic animal endocrinology1 Jan 1989Cited by 5 (Europe PMC)

PMID2917466DOI10.1016/0739-7240(89)90009-xPepBankPUB-02917466

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study8

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured8

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

01AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In heifers, mean plasma concentration of the body's own thymosin alpha‑1 was greater at estrus with conception than in any other period.
In plain wordsIn heifers, the body's own thymosin alpha‑1 in blood was higher at the estrus when conception occurred.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
IncreasePlasma thymosin A1 at estrus with conception
Study
cattlen: not reported in source
heifers
Comparator
Other periods
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
Mean plasma concentrations of thymosin A1 and B4 were greater at estrus during which conception occurred than at any other period (P less than .01).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
One hundred and thirty-five prepubertal heifers averaging 9 mo of age at the time the study was initiated were used.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin alpha-1. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0291746601
02AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In heifers that later conceived, the body's own thymosin alpha‑1 did not change during the 100 days before puberty.
In plain wordsIn heifers that later conceived, the body's own thymosin alpha‑1 did not change before puberty.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
No significant changePlasma thymosin A1 before puberty in heifers that conceived
Study
cattlen: not reported in source
heifers
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
During the 100 days prior to puberty, thymosin A1 and B4 did not change in the heifers that ultimately conceived.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
One hundred and thirty-five prepubertal heifers averaging 9 mo of age at the time the study was initiated were used.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin alpha-1. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0291746602
03AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In heifers never determined to be pregnant, the body's own thymosin alpha‑1 increased linearly during prepuberty.
In plain wordsIn heifers that never became pregnant, the body's own thymosin alpha‑1 rose before puberty.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
IncreasePlasma thymosin A1 before puberty in heifers never pregnant
Study
cattlen: not reported in source
heifers
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
However, in the heifers that were never determined to be pregnant by rectal palpation, concentrations of both thymosin A1 and B4 increased linearly during prepuberty (P less than .01).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
One hundred and thirty-five prepubertal heifers averaging 9 mo of age at the time the study was initiated were used.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin alpha-1. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0291746603
04AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In heifers, the body's own thymosin alpha‑1 declined in a quadratic fashion from conception through the first 100 days of pregnancy.
In plain wordsIn heifers, the body's own thymosin alpha‑1 fell from conception through the first 100 days of pregnancy.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
DecreasePlasma thymosin A1 from conception through early pregnancy
Study
cattlen: not reported in source
heifers
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
A decline in thymosin A1 and B4 concentrations occurred in a quadratic fashion from conception through the first 100 d of pregnancy (P less than .01)
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
One hundred and thirty-five prepubertal heifers averaging 9 mo of age at the time the study was initiated were used.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin alpha-1. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0291746604
05AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In bovine females, mean plasma thymosin beta‑4 was higher at the estrus during which conception occurred than in any other period.
In plain wordsIn cattle, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 in blood was higher at the heat period when conception occurred than at any other time.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreasePlasma thymosin beta 4 at conception estrus
Study
cattlen: not reported in source
heifers
Comparator
All other periods
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
Mean plasma concentrations of thymosin A1 and B4 were greater at estrus during which conception occurred than at any other period (P less than .01).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The objective of the present study was to characterize secretion of thymosin alpha 1 (A1) and thymosin beta 4 (B4) during different stages of ovarian function and pregnancy in bovine females.
Summary · context
Plasma was harvested and radioimmunoassays were conducted to quantify concentrations of thymosin A1 and B4.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0291746605
06AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In heifers that later conceived, plasma thymosin beta‑4 did not change during the 100 days before puberty.
In plain wordsIn cattle that later conceived, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 did not change in the 100 days before puberty.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
No significant changePlasma thymosin beta 4 before puberty in heifers that conceived
Study
cattlen: not reported in source
heifers
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
During the 100 days prior to puberty, thymosin A1 and B4 did not change in the heifers that ultimately conceived.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The objective of the present study was to characterize secretion of thymosin alpha 1 (A1) and thymosin beta 4 (B4) during different stages of ovarian function and pregnancy in bovine females.
Summary · context
Plasma was harvested and radioimmunoassays were conducted to quantify concentrations of thymosin A1 and B4.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0291746606
07AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In heifers never found pregnant, plasma thymosin beta‑4 increased linearly during prepuberty.
In plain wordsIn cattle never found pregnant, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 rose steadily before puberty.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreasePlasma thymosin beta 4 during prepuberty in heifers never pregnant
Study
cattlen: not reported in source
heifers
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
However, in the heifers that were never determined to be pregnant by rectal palpation, concentrations of both thymosin A1 and B4 increased linearly during prepuberty (P less than .01).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The objective of the present study was to characterize secretion of thymosin alpha 1 (A1) and thymosin beta 4 (B4) during different stages of ovarian function and pregnancy in bovine females.
Summary · context
Plasma was harvested and radioimmunoassays were conducted to quantify concentrations of thymosin A1 and B4.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0291746607
08AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
Plasma thymosin beta‑4 declined in a quadratic fashion from conception through the first 100 days of pregnancy.
In plain wordsIn cattle, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 fell over the first 100 days of pregnancy.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreasePlasma thymosin beta 4 from conception through 100 days of pregnancy
Study
cattlen: not reported in source
heifers
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
A decline in thymosin A1 and B4 concentrations occurred in a quadratic fashion from conception through the first 100 d of pregnancy (P less than .01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The objective of the present study was to characterize secretion of thymosin alpha 1 (A1) and thymosin beta 4 (B4) during different stages of ovarian function and pregnancy in bovine females.
Summary · context
Plasma was harvested and radioimmunoassays were conducted to quantify concentrations of thymosin A1 and B4.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0291746608

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 4Current
12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 3
10 Oct 2026, 08:55 UTC
Study results updated
Version 2
9 Oct 2026, 03:03 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:02 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

Publication types

Journal Article

MeSH terms

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.