Endocrine relationships of thymosin-alpha 1, thymosin-beta 4, and luteinizing hormone throughout the prepubertal period of development in heifers, ovariectomized heifers and ovariectomized heifers with estradiol implants.

Wise T, Day ML, Vakharia DD

Journal of reproductive immunology1 Oct 1990Cited by 4 (Europe PMC)

PMID2266539DOI10.1016/0165-0378(90)90045-8PepBankPUB-02266539

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study8

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured8

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

01AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In prepubertal heifers, the peak amplitude of circulating thymosin alpha‑1 pulses increased over time, from 0.287 ng/ml at day 0 to 0.403 ng/ml at day 120.
In plain wordsIn heifers, the body's own thymosin alpha‑1 pulses became higher as the animals matured.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
IncreaseThymosin alpha 1 peak amplitude over time
Study
cattlen = 16
prepubertal heifers
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Endocrine and hormones
Measurements
peak amplitude
0.287 ng/ml
day 0
peak amplitude
0.403 ng/ml
day 120
Source sentences
Summary
Concentrations of thymosin-alpha 1 changed little as animals matured, but peak amplitude did increase over time (0.287 ng/ml at day 0 to 0.403 ng/ml at day 120; P less than 0.05).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
circulating thymosin-alpha 1 and -beta 4 and LH concentrations of control heifers (n = 6), ovariectomized heifers (n = 5) and ovariectomized heifers implanted with estradiol (n = 5) were determined during the prepubertal period (initiated at 266 days of age).
This result measures the body's own Thymosin alpha-1. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0226653901
02AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In prepubertal heifers, mean circulating thymosin alpha‑1 concentrations changed little as the animals matured.
In plain wordsIn heifers, the body's own thymosin alpha‑1 level changed little as the animals matured.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
No significant changeMean circulating thymosin alpha 1 concentration during maturation
Study
cattlen = 16
prepubertal heifers
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Endocrine and hormones
Source sentences
Summary
Concentrations of thymosin-alpha 1 changed little as animals matured
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
circulating thymosin-alpha 1 and -beta 4 and LH concentrations of control heifers (n = 6), ovariectomized heifers (n = 5) and ovariectomized heifers implanted with estradiol (n = 5) were determined during the prepubertal period (initiated at 266 days of age).
This result measures the body's own Thymosin alpha-1. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0226653902
03AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In prepubertal heifers, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 level did not differ between control, ovariectomized and estradiol-implanted ovariectomized animals.
In plain wordsIn young heifers, natural thymosin beta‑4 levels did not differ between control, ovariectomized and estradiol-implanted groups.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
No significant changeThymosin-beta 4 level across treatments
Study
cattlen = 16
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Endocrine and hormones
Source sentences
Summary
Thymosin-beta 4 concentrations were not different between treatments.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Sequential blood samples were collected at 12-min intervals for 8 h before ovariectomy on day 0 and on days 8, 36, 50, 64, 78, 92, 106, 120 and 134 of the experiment.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0226653906
04AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In prepubertal heifers, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 level decreased gradually until day 92 of the study.
In plain wordsIn young heifers, natural thymosin beta‑4 levels fell slowly until day 92 of the study.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseThymosin-beta 4 level until day 92
Study
cattlen = 16
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Endocrine and hormones
Source sentences
Summary
Thymosin-beta 4 concentrations gradually decreased until day 92 of the study
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Sequential blood samples were collected at 12-min intervals for 8 h before ovariectomy on day 0 and on days 8, 36, 50, 64, 78, 92, 106, 120 and 134 of the experiment.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0226653907
05AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In prepubertal heifers, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 level then rose two-fold by day 134, when all control animals had reached puberty.
In plain wordsIn young heifers, natural thymosin beta‑4 levels then rose two-fold by day 134, when control animals had reached puberty.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseThymosin-beta 4 level by day 134
Study
cattlen = 16
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Endocrine and hormones
Source sentences
Summary
Thymosin-beta 4 concentrations gradually decreased until day 92 of the study, then increased two-fold by day 134 of experimental sampling (400 days of age) when all control animals had attained puberty.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Sequential blood samples were collected at 12-min intervals for 8 h before ovariectomy on day 0 and on days 8, 36, 50, 64, 78, 92, 106, 120 and 134 of the experiment.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0226653908
06AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In heifers, mean circulating thymosin alpha‑1 concentration was higher after ovariectomy than after ovariectomy with estradiol implants.
In plain wordsIn heifers with the ovaries removed, the body's own thymosin alpha‑1 level was higher than in those that also had an estradiol implant.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
IncreaseMean thymosin alpha 1 concentration, ovariectomized versus ovariectomized plus estradiol
Study
cattlen: not reported in source
prepubertal heifers
Comparator
Ovariectomized heifers with estradiol implants
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Endocrine and hormones
Source sentences
Summary
Mean concentration, number of episodic peaks and peak amplitude of thymosin-alpha 1 was increased in ovariectomized heifers in comparison to ovariectomized plus estradiol implants (P less than 0.05).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
circulating thymosin-alpha 1 and -beta 4 and LH concentrations of control heifers (n = 6), ovariectomized heifers (n = 5) and ovariectomized heifers implanted with estradiol (n = 5) were determined during the prepubertal period (initiated at 266 days of age).
This result measures the body's own Thymosin alpha-1. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0226653903
07AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In heifers, the number of episodic thymosin alpha‑1 peaks was higher after ovariectomy than after ovariectomy with estradiol implants.
In plain wordsIn heifers with the ovaries removed, the body's own thymosin alpha‑1 had more peaks than in those that also had an estradiol implant.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
IncreaseNumber of thymosin alpha 1 episodic peaks, ovariectomized versus ovariectomized plus estradiol
Study
cattlen: not reported in source
prepubertal heifers
Comparator
Ovariectomized heifers with estradiol implants
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Endocrine and hormones
Source sentences
Summary
Mean concentration, number of episodic peaks and peak amplitude of thymosin-alpha 1 was increased in ovariectomized heifers in comparison to ovariectomized plus estradiol implants (P less than 0.05).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
circulating thymosin-alpha 1 and -beta 4 and LH concentrations of control heifers (n = 6), ovariectomized heifers (n = 5) and ovariectomized heifers implanted with estradiol (n = 5) were determined during the prepubertal period (initiated at 266 days of age).
This result measures the body's own Thymosin alpha-1. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0226653904
08AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In heifers, thymosin alpha‑1 peak amplitude was higher after ovariectomy than after ovariectomy with estradiol implants.
In plain wordsIn heifers with the ovaries removed, the body's own thymosin alpha‑1 peaks were higher than in those that also had an estradiol implant.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
IncreaseThymosin alpha 1 peak amplitude, ovariectomized versus ovariectomized plus estradiol
Study
cattlen: not reported in source
prepubertal heifers
Comparator
Ovariectomized heifers with estradiol implants
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Endocrine and hormones
Source sentences
Summary
Mean concentration, number of episodic peaks and peak amplitude of thymosin-alpha 1 was increased in ovariectomized heifers in comparison to ovariectomized plus estradiol implants (P less than 0.05).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
circulating thymosin-alpha 1 and -beta 4 and LH concentrations of control heifers (n = 6), ovariectomized heifers (n = 5) and ovariectomized heifers implanted with estradiol (n = 5) were determined during the prepubertal period (initiated at 266 days of age).
This result measures the body's own Thymosin alpha-1. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0226653905

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 4Current
12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 3
10 Oct 2026, 08:55 UTC
Study results updated
Version 2
9 Oct 2026, 03:03 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:02 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

Publication types

Journal Article

MeSH terms

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