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Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 1991

5 results

Characterization of thymosin alpha 1 and beta 4 during the bovine estrual period: effects of elevated estradiol and progestin.

Wise T, Maurer RR

Biology of reproduction1 Jul 1991Cited by 4 (Europe PMC)

PMID1908714 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1095/biolreprod45.1.57 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-01908714
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study5

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured5

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other

    In superovulated heifers, natural thymosin alpha‑1 levels increased as the estrual period progressed.

    In plain wordsIn cows (heifers), the body's own thymosin alpha‑1 levels rose as the estrus period went on.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    IncreaseThymosin alpha 1 during the estrual period
    Study

    cattlen = 103

    Superovulated crossbred heifers over the estrual period
    Outcome group
    Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In the second experiment, thymosin beta 4 and alpha 1 increased as the estrual period progressed and decreased (p less than 0.05) subsequent to the LH surge.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In a subsequent experiment, 103 crossbred heifers (16-18 mo) were superovulated with FSH and synchronized to estrus with PGF2 alpha administered 60 h after the initial FSH injection.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin alpha-1. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  2. 02AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other

    In superovulated heifers, natural thymosin alpha‑1 levels decreased after the LH surge.

    In plain wordsIn cows (heifers), the body's own thymosin alpha‑1 levels fell after the LH surge.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    DecreaseThymosin alpha 1 after the LH surge
    Study

    cattlen = 103

    Superovulated crossbred heifers over the estrual period
    Outcome group
    Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In the second experiment, thymosin beta 4 and alpha 1 increased as the estrual period progressed and decreased (p less than 0.05) subsequent to the LH surge.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In a subsequent experiment, 103 crossbred heifers (16-18 mo) were superovulated with FSH and synchronized to estrus with PGF2 alpha administered 60 h after the initial FSH injection.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin alpha-1. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  3. 03AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In superovulated crossbred heifers, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 level increased as the estrual period progressed.

    In plain wordsIn heifers, natural thymosin beta‑4 levels rose as the estrual period went on.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseThymosin beta 4 level as the estrual period progressed
    Study

    cattlen = 103

    Outcome group
    Sex hormones and fertility · Endocrine and hormones

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In the second experiment, thymosin beta 4 and alpha 1 increased as the estrual period progressed and decreased (p less than 0.05) subsequent to the LH surge.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    In an initial experiment, 60 crossbred heifers (18-20 mo) were detected in estrus and assigned to control or FSH superovulatory groups.
    Summary · context
    In a subsequent experiment, 103 crossbred heifers (16-18 mo) were superovulated with FSH and synchronized to estrus with PGF2 alpha administered 60 h after the initial FSH injection.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  4. 04AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In superovulated crossbred heifers, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 level decreased after the LH surge.

    In plain wordsIn heifers, natural thymosin beta‑4 levels fell after the LH surge.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseThymosin beta 4 level after the LH surge
    Study

    cattlen = 103

    Outcome group
    Sex hormones and fertility · Endocrine and hormones

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In the second experiment, thymosin beta 4 and alpha 1 increased as the estrual period progressed and decreased (p less than 0.05) subsequent to the LH surge.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    In an initial experiment, 60 crossbred heifers (18-20 mo) were detected in estrus and assigned to control or FSH superovulatory groups.
    Summary · context
    In a subsequent experiment, 103 crossbred heifers (16-18 mo) were superovulated with FSH and synchronized to estrus with PGF2 alpha administered 60 h after the initial FSH injection.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  5. 05AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In crossbred heifers, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 level did not differ between control and FSH-superovulated animals, although estradiol rose tenfold.

    In plain wordsIn heifers, natural thymosin beta‑4 levels did not differ between control and superovulated animals.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    No significant changeThymosin beta 4 level, control versus superovulated heifers
    Study

    cattlen = 60

    Comparator
    Control heifers
    Outcome group
    Sex hormones and fertility · Endocrine and hormones

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Although thymosin beta 4 concentrations did change over the estrual period, no differences were noted between control and superovulatory animals in the initial experiment even though estradiol concentrations were increased tenfold from the FSH stimulated ovary.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    In an initial experiment, 60 crossbred heifers (18-20 mo) were detected in estrus and assigned to control or FSH superovulatory groups.
    Summary · context
    In a subsequent experiment, 103 crossbred heifers (16-18 mo) were superovulated with FSH and synchronized to estrus with PGF2 alpha administered 60 h after the initial FSH injection.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 4Current

    12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  2. Version 3

    10 Oct 2026, 08:55 UTC

    Study results updated

  3. Version 2

    9 Oct 2026, 03:03 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  4. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:02 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

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