Developmental changes of serum thymosin alpha 1 and beta 4 in male and male castrated pigs: modulation by testosterone and human chorionic gonadotropin.

Wise TH

Biology of reproduction1 May 1992Cited by 4 (Europe PMC)

PMID1591344DOI10.1095/biolreprod46.5.892PepBankPUB-01591344

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study6

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured6

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

01AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In boars, serum thymosin beta‑4 was significantly lower 24 h after hCG challenge.
In plain wordsIn male pigs, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 fell 24 hours after a hCG hormone dose.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseThymosin beta 4 after hCG challenge in boars
Study
pign = 90
Comparator
Before hCG
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Endocrine and hormones
Source sentences
Summary
Thymosin beta 4 concentrations were significantly depressed 24 h after hCG challenge.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In an initial experiment, male pigs (boars; n = 90; 10/time) were bled at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, and 96 wk of age before and 24 h after hCG stimulation.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0159134403
02AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In boars and barrows, serum thymosin beta‑4 decreased with age.
In plain wordsIn male pigs, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 fell as the pigs got older.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseThymosin beta 4 with age
Study
pign = 24
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Endocrine and hormones
Source sentences
Summary
Thymosin beta 4 concentrations decreased with age in boars and barrows
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In a subsequent experiment, boars (n = 12) and barrows (males castrated shortly after birth; n = 12) were blood-sampled, administered hCG, and sampled again 24 h later at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 wk of age.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0159134404
03AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In boars and barrows, hCG challenge lowered serum thymosin beta‑4.
In plain wordsIn male pigs, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 fell after a hCG hormone dose.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseThymosin beta 4 after hCG challenge in boars and barrows
Study
pign = 24
Comparator
Before hCG
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Endocrine and hormones
Source sentences
Summary
hCG challenge depressed thymosin alpha 1 and beta 4 concentrations in boars and thymosin beta 4 in barrows (p less than 0.01).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In a subsequent experiment, boars (n = 12) and barrows (males castrated shortly after birth; n = 12) were blood-sampled, administered hCG, and sampled again 24 h later at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 wk of age.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0159134405
04AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In boars, hCG challenge decreased serum levels of the pigs' own thymosin alpha‑1.
In plain wordsIn pigs, hCG lowered the body's own thymosin alpha‑1 in the blood of boars.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
DecreaseSerum thymosin alpha 1 after hCG challenge in boars
Study
pign = 12
Boars given hCG
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Endocrine and hormones
Source sentences
Summary
hCG challenge depressed thymosin alpha 1 and beta 4 concentrations in boars
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In a subsequent experiment, boars (n = 12) and barrows (males castrated shortly after birth; n = 12) were blood-sampled, administered hCG, and sampled again 24 h later at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 wk of age.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin alpha-1. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0159134401
05AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In castrated male pigs, testosterone treatment decreased serum levels of the pigs' own thymosin alpha‑1.
In plain wordsIn castrated male pigs, testosterone lowered the body's own thymosin alpha‑1 in the blood.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
DecreaseSerum thymosin alpha 1 after testosterone in barrows
Study
pign = 12
Castrated male pigs (barrows) given testosterone
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Endocrine and hormones
Source sentences
Summary
Testosterone treatment of barrows also depressed thymosin beta 4 and alpha 1 in barrows (p less than 0.01).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Barrows (n = 12) were administered testosterone with the same protocol.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin alpha-1. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0159134402
06AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In barrows, testosterone treatment lowered serum thymosin beta‑4.
In plain wordsIn castrated male pigs, testosterone treatment lowered the body's own thymosin beta‑4.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseThymosin beta 4 after testosterone in barrows
Study
pign = 12
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Endocrine and hormones
Source sentences
Summary
Testosterone treatment of barrows also depressed thymosin beta 4 and alpha 1 in barrows (p less than 0.01).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Barrows (n = 12) were administered testosterone with the same protocol.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0159134406

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Versions 4 to 5Current
14 Oct 2026, 01:46 UTC
The same notice was added 2 times, first on 12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC. The status did not change between them.
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 3
10 Oct 2026, 08:55 UTC
Study results updated
Version 2
9 Oct 2026, 03:03 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:02 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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MeSH terms

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