Expression of thymosin beta 4 gene during Xenopus laevis embryogenesis.

Yamamoto M, Shoda A, Minamino N, Matsuo H, Nishimatsu S, Ueno N, Murakami K

Biochemical and biophysical research communications1 Apr 1992Cited by 12 (Europe PMC)

PMID1567461DOI10.1016/0006-291x(92)91162-jPepBankPUB-01567461

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study4

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured2

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

01AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In developing Xenopus laevis embryos, a peptide peak that was very similar to mammalian thymosin beta‑4 became increasingly dominant after gastrulation.
In plain wordsIn Xenopus frog embryos, the body's own peptide very similar to thymosin beta‑4 became more abundant after gastrulation.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseThymosin beta 4-like peptide abundance after gastrulation
Study
Xenopus laevisn: not reported in source
Developing embryos
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
One peptide peak which became increasingly dominant after gastrulation was purified and partially characterized.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The amino acid sequence of enzymic digests showed the peptide is extremely similar to mammalian thymosin beta 4.
Summary · context
In order to investigate the molecular events which take place during gastrulation, extracts from developing Xenopus embryos were analyzed for temporal peptide distribution by high performance liquid chromatography.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0156746101
02AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In Xenopus laevis embryos, thymosin beta‑4 mRNA was present at a low maternal level and became abundant after gastrulation.
In plain wordsIn Xenopus frog embryos, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 mRNA was low at first and became abundant after gastrulation.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseThymosin beta 4 mRNA expression during embryogenesis
Study
Xenopus laevisn: not reported in source
Developing embryos
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
Northern blot analysis revealed the mRNA is maternally present at a low level and the transcript becomes abundant after gastrulation, supporting the distribution of the peptide.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In order to investigate the molecular events which take place during gastrulation, extracts from developing Xenopus embryos were analyzed for temporal peptide distribution by high performance liquid chromatography.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0156746102

Studies that did not test the peptide alone2

In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

03AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Other
Cloning of Xenopus thymosin beta‑4 cDNA showed that only three amino acid substitutions occurred between amphibian and bovine.
In plain wordsThe frog and cow versions of thymosin beta‑4 differ by only three amino acids.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
Not applicableSequence difference between Xenopus and bovine thymosin beta 4
Study
Xenopus laevisn: not reported in source
Developing embryos
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
Cloning of the Xenopus thymosin beta 4 cDNA showed that only three amino acid substitutions occurred between amphibian and bovine.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In order to investigate the molecular events which take place during gastrulation, extracts from developing Xenopus embryos were analyzed for temporal peptide distribution by high performance liquid chromatography.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-0156746104
04LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Activity measurement
The Xenopus laevis thymosin beta‑4-like peptide was capable of binding actin monomers like its mammalian counterparts.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, the frog thymosin beta‑4-like peptide could bind actin monomers, like the mammalian peptide.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
Not applicableActin monomer binding of the Xenopus peptide
Study
Xenopus laevisn: not reported in source
Purified Xenopus thymosin beta 4-like peptide with actin monomers
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
The peptide was capable of binding actin monomers like mammalian counterparts.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In order to investigate the molecular events which take place during gastrulation, extracts from developing Xenopus embryos were analyzed for temporal peptide distribution by high performance liquid chromatography.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-0156746103

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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