Synthetic analog · 2 amino acids · 194.2 Da

NNZ-2591 studies and research data

PepBank has 3 NNZ-2591 studies with results. All of them gave NNZ-2591, with 23 results, grouped by what the studies measured. In each group, results from studies in people come first. Data as of 2026-10-30.

Searches 23 results and 10 papers. Newer studies from Europe PMC

Results in people

0% of 23 results

Results in animals

100% of 23 results

Results in lab cells

0% of 23 results

From computer models

0% of 23 results

The molecule

NNZ-2591 identity

Identifiers, parent molecule, targets and development stage, from curated data.

NNZ-2591 is cyclo-L-glycyl-L-2-allylproline, a synthetic analog of cyclic glycine-proline. It differs from native cyclic glycine-proline and trofinetide. Its diketopiperazine ring contains a modified proline residue.

Kind: Synthetic analog · 2 residues
Identifiers: ChEMBLCHEMBL4802144 (opens in a new tab)PubChem CID11735696 (opens in a new tab)UNII2T1HU6069S (opens in a new tab)DrugBankDB15601 (opens in a new tab)CAS847952-38-9KEGGD13364 (opens in a new tab)
Parent: Analog of Cyclic glycine-prolineNNZ-2591 is the 2-allylproline analog of cyclic glycine-proline. The PubChem description identifies cyclic glycine-proline as an IGF-1 breakdown product.
Development: Phase 3Neuren PharmaceuticalsPhase 3 registration establishes the highest development stage. Four completed human interventional trials report actual enrollment. NCT05025332 reports 28 enrolled but only 16 commenced treatment. Two phase 3 trials report estimated enrollment. Withdrawn NCT05879614 reports zero actual enrollment and does not establish participant testing. Source (opens in a new tab)

Targets

No molecular target is recorded for this peptide.

Sequence and structure

Residues, differences from the parent, calculated properties and 3D structure. Source values and calculated values are shown separately.

Sequence

2 amino acids · 2 modifications

Parent: Cyclic glycine-proline

No sequence is listed for the parent, so no alignment is shown.NNZ-2591 is the 2-allylproline analog of cyclic glycine-proline. The PubChem description identifies cyclic glycine-proline as an IGF-1 breakdown product.

Properties

From identity sources

Formula: C₁₀H₁₄N₂O₂
Molecular weight: 194.23 g/mol
Monoisotopic mass: 194.1055 Da

PubChem CID 11735696(opens in a new tab)retrieved 2026-10-27

Calculated from the sequence

pKa set

Some values cannot be calculated. The sequence has a non-canonical residue (X). Residue tables cover only the 20 standard amino acids.

Average mass: Not calculated
Monoisotopic mass: Not calculated
Isoelectric point (pI): Not calculated
Net charge at pH 7.4: Not calculated
GRAVY (hydropathy): Not calculated
Extinction coefficient, 280 nm (Cys reduced): 0 M⁻¹ cm⁻¹; 5500 x Trp + 1490 x Tyr · Pace et al. 1995 (ExPASy ProtParam); No Trp or Tyr: absorbance at 280 nm cannot measure this peptide.
Instability index: Not calculated
Aliphatic index: Not calculated
Boman index: Not calculated
Hydrophobic moment (μH): Not calculated

1 non-canonical residue (X) is not included in calculated values.
Not included: cyclization. Mass, charge and pI are not calculated; use the identity-source values.
The N-terminal group is not modeled.
The C-terminal group is not modeled.
Defined and validated for proteins; use with care for short peptides.
Assumes an ideal alpha helix. Many short peptides are not helical.

@pepdb/chem 0.2.0 · EMBOSS pKa set · ExPASy residue masses

Net charge by pH

No charge curve

The sequence has a non-canonical residue (X). Residue tables cover only the 20 standard amino acids.

Composition

Special50% (1)G
Non-canonical50% (1)X

2 residues. Each residue counts in one class; F and W count as aromatic.

A Ala0 · 0%

I Ile0 · 0%

L Leu0 · 0%

M Met0 · 0%

V Val0 · 0%

F Phe0 · 0%

W Trp0 · 0%

Y Tyr0 · 0%

H His0 · 0%

K Lys0 · 0%

R Arg0 · 0%

D Asp0 · 0%

E Glu0 · 0%

N Asn0 · 0%

Q Gln0 · 0%

S Ser0 · 0%

T Thr0 · 0%

C Cys0 · 0%

G Gly1 · 50%

P Pro0 · 0%

X Xaa1 · 50%

3D structure

No 3D structure

No experimental structure (PDB) and no UniProt entry for an AlphaFold model are listed for this peptide. Synthetic peptides often have neither. The sequence view above is the reference.

2D structure

Draws the structure in your browser with RDKit (about 2.3 MB, loaded once).

SMILES fromPubChem CID 11735696(opens in a new tab)

C=CC[C@@]12CCCN1C(=O)CNC2=O

Results by area

NNZ-2591 results by year and outcome

Counts are exact and come from studies that gave the peptide.

Studies by year

3 of 10 studies have results (30%), published 2007 to 2010. Top row: every study. Bottom row: studies with results about NNZ-2591, by class. The rows use different scales.

Studies
Human
Animal
Lab
Computer model
Natural levels, tool or combination only

Studies10 in all, 2007 to 2026

Studies with results3 in all, 2007 to 2010

Retracted studies are left out. A study with results in two classes counts in both.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

What the studies measured

People first in each area, then animals, then lab cells. Counts are exact and come from studies that gave the peptide.

NNZ-2591 studies on brain and nerves

8 results · people 0 · animals 8 · lab 0

Top 3 of 8 results

In rats with hypoxic-ischemic injury, central NNZ‑2591 reduced lateral cortical brain damage.Neuropharmacology, 2007
In rats with striatal lesions, NNZ‑2591 increased doublecortin-positive neuroblast expression versus saline.British journal of pharmacology, 2009
In rats with hypoxic-ischemic injury, central NNZ‑2591 reduced hippocampal brain damage.Neuropharmacology, 2007

NNZ-2591 studies on receptors and cell signals

6 results · people 0 · animals 6 · lab 0

Top 3 of 6 results

In rats with hypoxic-ischemic injury, NNZ‑2591 increased astrocyte reactivity.Neuropharmacology, 2007
In rats, NNZ‑2591 counteracted the scopolamine-induced increase in striatal choline-acetyltransferase-positive neurons versus water.Behavioural brain research, 2010
In rats with striatal lesions, early NNZ‑2591 did not change dopamine depletion versus saline.British journal of pharmacology, 2009

NNZ-2591 studies on blood levels and clearance

3 results · people 0 · animals 3 · lab 0

3 results

In rats, NNZ‑2591 remained stable in plasma.Neuropharmacology, 2007
In rats, NNZ‑2591 crossed the blood-brain barrier with or without hypoxic-ischemic injury.Neuropharmacology, 2007
In rats, NNZ‑2591 levels in spinal fluid persisted for 2 h after a single subcutaneous dose.Neuropharmacology, 2007

NNZ-2591 studies on daily life and fitness

3 results · people 0 · animals 3 · lab 0

3 results

In rats with hypoxic-ischemic injury, subcutaneous NNZ‑2591 improved sensory and motor function.Neuropharmacology, 2007
In rats with striatal lesions, early NNZ‑2591 treatment reduced motor deficit versus saline.British journal of pharmacology, 2009
In rats with striatal lesions, delayed NNZ‑2591 improved motor function from week 7 onwards versus saline.British journal of pharmacology, 2009

NNZ-2591 studies on memory and thinking

2 results · people 0 · animals 2 · lab 0

2 results

In scopolamine-treated rats, NNZ‑2591 did not reverse the learning and memory deficit versus water.Behavioural brain research, 2010
In scopolamine-treated rats, NNZ‑2591 improved memory retention versus water.Behavioural brain research, 2010

NNZ-2591 studies on immune system and inflammation

1 result · people 0 · animals 1 · lab 0

1 result

In rats with hypoxic-ischemic injury, NNZ‑2591 reduced microglial activation.Neuropharmacology, 2007

Trials and papers

NNZ-2591 trials

Registered trials that test the peptide, with phase, status and dates. A dot marks trials with posted results.

StatusPhase

7 trials match. Highest phase first. Data from ClinicalTrials.gov.

Trials on this page (7 of 7)

7 trials · 2 ongoing · 4 completed · 1 stopped early · 2 with posted results

Completed
Ongoing
Not yet recruiting
Stopped
Estimated dates (est.)
Results posted

20202022202420262028

Ph 1
To Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Oral NNZ-2591 in Healthy Volunteers
NCT04379869
29 May 2020 to 11 Feb 2021
Ph 2
AS-001
NCT05011851
12 Jul 2022 to 16 Jul 2024
Ph 2
PMS-001
NCT05025241
8 Aug 2022 to 17 Nov 2023
Ph 2
PTHS-001
NCT05025332
14 Oct 2022 to 3 May 2024
Ph 2
PWS-001
NCT05879614
1 Sept 2023 to est. 30 Jun 2025
Withdrawn
Withdrawn
Ph 3
A Study of NNZ-2591 in Pediatric Participants With Phelan-McDermid Syndrome
NCT07281079
12 Nov 2025 to est. 15 Nov 2027
Ph 3
An Open-label Study of NNZ-2591 in Pediatric Participants With Phelan-McDermid Syndrome
NCT07593391
8 Jun 2026 to est. 12 Nov 2028

7 trials · 2 ongoing · 4 completed · 1 stopped early · 2 with posted results · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)

RecruitingPhase 3NCT07593391

An Open-label Study of NNZ-2591 in Pediatric Participants With Phelan-McDermid Syndrome

Neuren Pharmaceuticals Limitedn = 1808 Jun 2026 to est. 12 Nov 2028

Phelan-McDermid Syndrome

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 19 Oct 2026

RecruitingPhase 3NCT07281079

A Study of NNZ-2591 in Pediatric Participants With Phelan-McDermid Syndrome

Neuren Pharmaceuticals Limitedn = 16012 Nov 2025 to est. 15 Nov 2027

Phelan-McDermid Syndrome

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 28 Sept 2026

CompletedPhase 2Results postedNCT05025332

An Open-Label Study of Oral NNZ-2591 in Pitt Hopkins Syndrome (PTHS-001)

Neuren Pharmaceuticals Limitedn = 2814 Oct 2022 to 3 May 2024

Pitt Hopkins Syndrome

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 18 Jun 2025

CompletedPhase 2Results postedNCT05025241

An Open-Label Study of Oral NNZ-2591 in Phelan-McDermid Syndrome (PMS-001)

Neuren Pharmaceuticals Limitedn = 188 Aug 2022 to 17 Nov 2023

Phelan-McDermid Syndrome

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 3 Jun 2025

CompletedPhase 2NCT05011851

An Open-Label Study of the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Oral NNZ-2591 in Angelman Syndrome

Neuren Pharmaceuticals Limitedn = 1712 Jul 2022 to 16 Jul 2024

Angelman Syndrome

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 31 Jan 2025

WithdrawnPhase 2NCT05879614

An Open-Label Study of Oral NNZ-2591 in Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS-001)

Neuren Pharmaceuticals Limitedn = 01 Sept 2023 to est. 30 Jun 2025

Prader-Willi Syndrome

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 9 Dec 2024

CompletedPhase 1NCT04379869

To Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Oral NNZ-2591 in Healthy Volunteers

Neuren Pharmaceuticals Limitedn = 2829 May 2020 to 11 Feb 2021

Healthy Volunteers

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 9 Jul 2021

Papers

Studies on this peptide. Some have results. The others have none yet.

Sort

Design

10 studies match. Retracted studies are left out.

Showing 10 of 10 studiesquery qry_ab613475ddd7f693654beb5b

Studies with results

3 studies

Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2007

13 results

Peripheral administration of a novel diketopiperazine, NNZ 2591, prevents brain injury and improves somatosensory-motor function following hypoxia-ischemia in adult rats.

Guan et al. 2007Neuropharmacologycited by 38

PMID 17904590DOI 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2007.08.010PUB-17904590

Full text at the publisher13 results where NNZ-2591 was given

Publisher page See results (13)

Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2010

5 results

NNZ-2591, a novel diketopiperazine, prevented scopolamine-induced acute memory impairment in the adult rat.

Guan et al. 2010Behavioural brain researchcited by 21

PMID 20188767DOI 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.02.039PUB-20188767

Full text at the publisher5 results where NNZ-2591 was given

Publisher page See results (5)

Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2009

5 results

A novel diketopiperazine improves functional recovery given after the onset of 6-OHDA-induced motor deficit in rats.

Krishnamurthi et al. 2009British journal of pharmacologycited by 10

PMID 19154439PMC2697702DOI 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2008.00064.xPUB-19154439

Rights unknown5 results where NNZ-2591 was given

Source link See results (5)

More studies

7 studies

PubMed tag: review-article, Review · 2009

IGF-1 derived small neuropeptides and analogues: a novel strategy for the development of pharmaceuticals for neurological conditions.

Guan et al. 2009British journal of pharmacologycited by 39

PMID 19438508PMC2737647DOI 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00256.xPUB-19438508

Rights unknown

Source link

PubMed tag: Review · 2015

The role for IGF-1-derived small neuropeptides as a therapeutic target for neurological disorders.

Guan et al. 2015Expert opinion on therapeutic targetscited by 39

PMID 25652713DOI 10.1517/14728222.2015.1010514PUB-25652713

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page

PubMed tag: Review · 2008

Insulin-like growth factor-1 and its derivatives: potential pharmaceutical application for ischemic brain injury.

Guan et al. 2008Recent patents on CNS drug discoverycited by 26

PMID 18537771DOI 10.2174/157488908784534630PUB-18537771

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page

PubMed tag: Review · 2013

Insulin-like growth factor-1 and its derivatives: potential pharmaceutical application for treating neurological conditions.

Guan et al. 2013Recent patents on CNS drug discoverycited by 19

PMID 23597305DOI 10.2174/1574889811308020004PUB-23597305

Full text at the publisher

Publisher page

PubMed tag: none · 2026

Corrected

NNZ-2591 in Children and Adolescents With Phelan-McDermid Syndrome: Single-Group, Open-Label, Phase 2 Trial Results.

Neumeyer et al. 2026Neurology. Geneticscited by 1

PMID 41450730PMC12735298DOI 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200338PUB-41450730

Free to read · publisher termsCC BY-NC-ND

Read at source Read the notice

PubMed tag: Preprint · 2024

An Analysis of Metabolic Conditions and Current Therapeutic Approaches: A Systematic Review

Trivedi et al. 2024Research Squarecited by 1

DOI 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4228679/v1PUB-90593447

Rights unknown

Source link

PubMed tag: none · 2026

Erratum: NNZ-2591 in Children and Adolescents With Phelan-McDermid Syndrome: Single-Group, Open-Label, Phase 2 Trial Results.

Neumeyer et al. 2026Neurology. Genetics

PMID 42325945PMC13276696DOI 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200405PUB-42325945

Rights unknown

Source link

Newer studies

PepBank reads each paper before it shows the results. This search looks in Europe PMC for newer papers that PepBank has not read yet.

NNZ-2591 studies: 3 papers with results

Page 1 of 1

Peripheral administration of a novel diketopiperazine, NNZ 2591, prevents brain injury and improves somatosensory-motor function following hypoxia-ischemia in adult rats.
Guan J · Neuropharmacology · 2007
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 13 results
NNZ-2591, a novel diketopiperazine, prevented scopolamine-induced acute memory impairment in the adult rat.
Guan J · Behavioural brain research · 2010
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 5 results
A novel diketopiperazine improves functional recovery given after the onset of 6-OHDA-induced motor deficit in rats.
Krishnamurthi RV · British journal of pharmacology · 2009
Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 5 results

Status and safety

Regulatory and safety

Approval and sport status, and the safety outcomes reported in study results. Laws and labels change, so check the regulator for the current status.

Regulatory status by jurisdiction, with date and source
Jurisdiction	Body	Status	As of	Source
US	FDA	Neuren reports FDA orphan designation for Phelan-McDermid syndrome and clinical development. This does not establish marketing approval. The FDA search page did not return a product-specific record during this check.	27 Oct 2026	neurenpharma.com (opens in a new tab)
EU	EMA	EMA confirms orphan designation EU/3/20/2394 for Phelan-McDermid syndrome. Orphan designation is not marketing authorisation. Current central and national approvals were not independently established.	27 Oct 2026	ema.europa.eu (opens in a new tab)
Sport	WADA	Status unknown The 2026 List prohibits non-approved pharmacological substances under S0 if no later section applies.	2026 List	wada-ama.org (opens in a new tab)

Safety outcomes

Reported effects from study results.

No safety results from studies in people

The studies with results report no safety outcomes for this peptide. That does not mean it is safe.

Doses studied · 3

The doses that these studies used. They are not recommendations.

30 mg/kgAnimal
Species
rats
Route
oral gavage
Duration
Not reported
Design
Animal study (in vivo)
20 ng.day(-1)Animal
Species
rats
Route
intracerebroventricular
Duration
3 days
Design
Animal study (in vivo)
0.2, 1 and 5 mg.day(-1)Animal
Species
rats
Route
subcutaneous
Duration
14 days
Design
Animal study (in vivo)

Doses studied in the study results, as given in the studies.
Dose as reported	Class	Species	Route	Duration	Design
30 mg/kg	Animal	rats	oral gavage	Not reported	Animal study (in vivo)
20 ng.day(-1)	Animal	rats	intracerebroventricular	3 days	Animal study (in vivo)
0.2, 1 and 5 mg.day(-1)	Animal	rats	subcutaneous	14 days	Animal study (in vivo)

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.

Data

Data and API

Data version, change history and code for this peptide.

Data version 30856030 Oct 2026

Peptide

Peptide id: PEP-000150
Peptide version: 2
Peptide hash: 706c0c9a7e76a34a…
Data version: 308560

Latest changes

27 Oct 2026UpdatedData version 287299
27 Oct 2026CreatedData version 256738

For developers

curl -s https://pepbank.io/v1/briefs/nnz-2591

Evidence summary for NNZ-2591: counts by class, key results with sources, notices, data version.

Peptide as JSON Evidence summary as JSON

Outcome group	Human	Animal	Lab	Computer model	Total
NeuroprotectionNervous system and cognition	No results	Animal: 8 results from 2 studies: 4 increase, 4 decrease. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	8
Receptor activity and mechanismNervous system and cognition	No results	Animal: 6 results from 3 studies: 1 increase, 2 decrease, 2 no significant change, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	6
Exercise and physical functionNervous system and cognition	No results	Animal: 3 results from 2 studies: 2 increase, 1 decrease. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	3
PharmacokineticsPharmacology	No results	Animal: 3 results from 1 study: 3 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	3
Cognition and memoryNervous system and cognition	No results	Animal: 2 results from 1 study: 1 increase, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	2
Inflammation markersNervous system and cognition	No results	Animal: 1 result from 1 study: 1 decrease. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	1

Outcome group	Human	Animal	Lab	Computer model	Total
NeuroprotectionNervous system and cognition	No results	Animal: 8 results from 2 studies: 4 increase, 4 decrease. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	8
Receptor activity and mechanismNervous system and cognition	No results	Animal: 6 results from 3 studies: 1 increase, 2 decrease, 2 no significant change, 1 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	6
Exercise and physical functionNervous system and cognition	No results	Animal: 3 results from 2 studies: 2 increase, 1 decrease. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	3
PharmacokineticsPharmacology	No results	Animal: 3 results from 1 study: 3 not reported. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	3
Cognition and memoryNervous system and cognition	No results	Animal: 2 results from 1 study: 1 increase, 1 no significant change. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	2
Inflammation markersNervous system and cognition	No results	Animal: 1 result from 1 study: 1 decrease. Strongest design: Animal study (in vivo)	No results	No results	1

NNZ-2591 studies and research data

NNZ-2591 identity

Targets

Sequence and structure

Sequence

Parent: Cyclic glycine-proline

Properties

Net charge by pH

Composition

3D structure

2D structure

NNZ-2591 results by year and outcome

What the studies measured

NNZ-2591 studies on brain and nerves

NNZ-2591 studies on receptors and cell signals

NNZ-2591 studies on blood levels and clearance

NNZ-2591 studies on daily life and fitness

NNZ-2591 studies on memory and thinking

NNZ-2591 studies on immune system and inflammation

NNZ-2591 trials

An Open-label Study of NNZ-2591 in Pediatric Participants With Phelan-McDermid Syndrome

A Study of NNZ-2591 in Pediatric Participants With Phelan-McDermid Syndrome

An Open-Label Study of Oral NNZ-2591 in Pitt Hopkins Syndrome (PTHS-001)

An Open-Label Study of Oral NNZ-2591 in Phelan-McDermid Syndrome (PMS-001)

An Open-Label Study of the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Oral NNZ-2591 in Angelman Syndrome

An Open-Label Study of Oral NNZ-2591 in Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS-001)

To Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Oral NNZ-2591 in Healthy Volunteers

Papers

Studies with results

Peripheral administration of a novel diketopiperazine, NNZ 2591, prevents brain injury and improves somatosensory-motor function following hypoxia-ischemia in adult rats.

NNZ-2591, a novel diketopiperazine, prevented scopolamine-induced acute memory impairment in the adult rat.

A novel diketopiperazine improves functional recovery given after the onset of 6-OHDA-induced motor deficit in rats.

More studies

IGF-1 derived small neuropeptides and analogues: a novel strategy for the development of pharmaceuticals for neurological conditions.

The role for IGF-1-derived small neuropeptides as a therapeutic target for neurological disorders.

Insulin-like growth factor-1 and its derivatives: potential pharmaceutical application for ischemic brain injury.

Insulin-like growth factor-1 and its derivatives: potential pharmaceutical application for treating neurological conditions.

NNZ-2591 in Children and Adolescents With Phelan-McDermid Syndrome: Single-Group, Open-Label, Phase 2 Trial Results.

An Analysis of Metabolic Conditions and Current Therapeutic Approaches: A Systematic Review

Erratum: NNZ-2591 in Children and Adolescents With Phelan-McDermid Syndrome: Single-Group, Open-Label, Phase 2 Trial Results.

Newer studies

NNZ-2591 studies: 3 papers with results

Regulatory and safety

Doses studied · 3

Data and API

Peptide

Latest changes

For developers

Related peptides

NNZ-2591 results by year and outcome

NNZ-2591 studies on brain and nerves

NNZ-2591 studies on receptors and cell signals

NNZ-2591 studies on blood levels and clearance

NNZ-2591 studies on daily life and fitness

NNZ-2591 studies on memory and thinking

NNZ-2591 studies on immune system and inflammation

NNZ-2591 trials

An Open-label Study of NNZ-2591 in Pediatric Participants With Phelan-McDermid Syndrome

A Study of NNZ-2591 in Pediatric Participants With Phelan-McDermid Syndrome

An Open-Label Study of Oral NNZ-2591 in Pitt Hopkins Syndrome (PTHS-001)

An Open-Label Study of Oral NNZ-2591 in Phelan-McDermid Syndrome (PMS-001)

An Open-Label Study of the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Oral NNZ-2591 in Angelman Syndrome

An Open-Label Study of Oral NNZ-2591 in Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS-001)

To Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Oral NNZ-2591 in Healthy Volunteers

Papers

Studies with results

Peripheral administration of a novel diketopiperazine, NNZ 2591, prevents brain injury and improves somatosensory-motor function following hypoxia-ischemia in adult rats.

NNZ-2591, a novel diketopiperazine, prevented scopolamine-induced acute memory impairment in the adult rat.

A novel diketopiperazine improves functional recovery given after the onset of 6-OHDA-induced motor deficit in rats.

More studies

IGF-1 derived small neuropeptides and analogues: a novel strategy for the development of pharmaceuticals for neurological conditions.

The role for IGF-1-derived small neuropeptides as a therapeutic target for neurological disorders.

Insulin-like growth factor-1 and its derivatives: potential pharmaceutical application for ischemic brain injury.

Insulin-like growth factor-1 and its derivatives: potential pharmaceutical application for treating neurological conditions.

NNZ-2591 in Children and Adolescents With Phelan-McDermid Syndrome: Single-Group, Open-Label, Phase 2 Trial Results.

An Analysis of Metabolic Conditions and Current Therapeutic Approaches: A Systematic Review

Erratum: NNZ-2591 in Children and Adolescents With Phelan-McDermid Syndrome: Single-Group, Open-Label, Phase 2 Trial Results.

NNZ-2591 studies: 3 papers with results

Regulatory and safety

Doses studied · 3