In PepBank now:147 peptides, 6 blends and 13 other compounds97,577 study results from 17,383 studies8,473 clinical trialsUpdated
Comparing 2 records · Data version 308560
Swipe sideways to see every peptide.
| Peptide | Synthetic analog Semaglutide | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Identity | |||
| Kind | Small molecule | Synthetic analog | |
| Area | Weight and metabolic | Weight and metabolic | |
| Evidence | |||
| Amount of evidence | 90 | 4,624 | |
| Evidence level | Has results from studies in people | Has results from studies in people | |
| Safety | |||
| Safety results | 15 (10 in people) | 1,224 (1,221 in people) | |
| Status | |||
| Approval | |||
| Sport (WADA) | |||
| Registered trials | 14 | 663 · 284 active124 more mention it but do not test it | |
Shared outcomes
From the regulatory data of each peptide.
Its most advanced trial is in phase 3. The FDA, the EMA and the other sources we use show no approval (as of 22 Oct 2026).
Outcome groups with study results for at least two of these peptides. Counts include only results from studies that gave the peptide. Bar length is the number of results, on one scale. The bars show how much was studied, not how large an effect was. A peptide with more studies can look stronger here without being stronger. For results, see the randomized results above.
| Outcome group | Tesofensine | Semaglutide |
|---|---|---|
| Body weightMetabolic and weight | 17512 | 969954105 |
PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.
The FDA label for Ozempic says: “Adjunct to diet and exercise for glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes; reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in adults with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease; reduce the risk of sustained eGFR decline…”
| Adverse eventsWhole body | 963 | 7757723 |
|---|
| Glycemic controlMetabolic and weight | 11 | 66866512 |
|---|
| Gastrointestinal adverse eventsGastrointestinal | 22 | 345345 |
|---|
| LipidsMetabolic and weight | 11 | 1181171 |
|---|
| Appetite and food intakeMetabolic and weight | 19712 | 97952 |
|---|
| Blood pressureCardiovascular | 11 | 9999 |
|---|
| PharmacokineticsPharmacology | 11 | 93894 |
|---|
| Exercise and physical functionNervous system and cognition | 99 | 6969 |
|---|
| Heart functionCardiovascular | 11 | 67616 |
|---|
| Addiction, withdrawal and alcohol intakeNervous system and cognition | 44 | 42384 |
|---|
| NeuroprotectionNervous system and cognition | 88 | 19109 |
|---|
Each analog against its native parent, residue by residue. Substitutions, non-standard residues and modifications are marked. Calculated from the two sequences.
Semaglutide differs from Glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-37) at 2 positions and carries 1 added group.
What is different
Registered trials, ranked by phase (late phases first), then posted results and enrollment. Status is the registry status. Study results come from published studies. Results posted at ClinicalTrials.gov are shown on each trial page.
Top 3 of 14 trials, ranked by phase, then posted results and enrollment: 3 completed · 3 with posted results · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)
Saniona60 participantsApr 2016 to Mar 2017
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Saniona21 participants25 Feb 2019 to 16 Oct 2020
Hypothalamic Injury-induced Obesity (HIO)
Saniona18 participants30 Mar 2017 to 22 Jul 2019
Confirmed Genetic Diagnosis of Prader-Willi Syndrome
Top 3 of 663 trials, ranked by phase, then posted results and enrollment: 3 completed · 3 with posted results · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)
Novo Nordisk A/S17,604 participants24 Oct 2018 to 29 Jun 2023
Overweight · Obesity
Novo Nordisk A/S9,651 participants17 Jun 2019 to 23 Aug 2024
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Novo Nordisk A/S3,533 participants17 Jun 2019 to 9 Jan 2024
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
124 more mention it but do not test it. They only measure it or name it in their text.
For each outcome that two or more peptides have results for: the best result of a single randomized trial, on the same measure (the same kind of number, the same unit). When a trial has several dose arms, the cell shows the highest dose arm. The trials differ in people, length and dose, so a gap between two cells is not proof that one peptide works better.
No outcome has a randomized-trial result on the same measure for two or more of these peptides yet.
The other peptides have no randomized result on the same measure, so these results cannot be set side by side.
| Outcome | Tesofensine | Semaglutide |
|---|---|---|
| Body weightMetabolic and weightCompared as: difference from placebo, in % | No comparable result 5 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit. | −2.54% Body weight change at 13 weeks Dose studied: maximum 14 mg once dailyn = 9,6502026 |
| Exercise and physical functionCardiovascularCompared as: difference from placebo, in points | No comparable result 9 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit. | 7.3 points estimated difference Dose studied: 2.4 mg once weekly52 weeksn = 6162024 |
| Addiction, withdrawal and alcohol intakeMental health and moodCompared as: difference from placebo, in percentage points | No comparable result 4 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit. | −13.7 percentage points Estimated treatment difference Dose studied: 2.4 mg once weekly26 weeksn = 1082026 |
| Appetite and food intakeMetabolic and weightCompared as: difference from placebo, in % | No comparable result 6 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit. | 8% Paracetamol AUC0-5h increase Dose studied: 2.4 mg once weekly (dose-escalated)20 weeksn = 722021 |
| Energy expenditure and thermogenesisMetabolic and weightCompared as: difference from placebo, in g | 18 g Fat oxidation increase Dose studied: 2.0 mg daily for 7 days, then 1.0 mg daily for 7 days2 weeksn = 322010 | No comparable result 1 randomized-trial result measure it in another way or another unit. |
| PharmacokineticsPharmacologyCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in h·nmol/l | No comparable result 1 randomized-trial result measure it in another way or another unit. | 233 h·nmol/L AUC0-24h,sema,SS · 3 mg oral semaglutide Dose studied: 3 mg12 weeksn = 322024 |
| Blood pressureCardiovascularCompared as: difference from placebo, in mm hg | No randomized trial result 1 result from other study designs. | −3.84 mm Hg SBP change at 13 weeks Dose studied: maximum 14 mg once dailyn = 9,6502026 |
| Glycemic controlMetabolic and weightCompared as: difference from placebo, in percentage points | No randomized trial result 1 result from other study designs. | −0.87 percentage points HbA1c change at 13 weeks Dose studied: maximum 14 mg once dailyn = 9,6502026 |
| LipidsMetabolic and weightCompared as: difference from placebo, in % | No randomized trial result 1 result from other study designs. | −7% Total cholesterol change at 13 weeks Dose studied: maximum 14 mg once dailyn = 9,6502026 |
| NeuroprotectionNervous system and cognitionCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in % | No randomized trial result 8 results from other study designs. | 56.5% Favorable recovery Dose studied: 0.5 mgbefore and 1 week after EVTn = 1402025 |
| Heart functionCardiovascularCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in % | No randomized trial result 1 result from other study designs. | −17% Loop diuretic dose decrease · Shown as a change. The study reports a loop diuretic dose decrease of this size. Dose studied: 2.4 mg once weekly52 weeksn not reported2024 |
| Gastrointestinal adverse eventsGastrointestinalCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in % | No comparable result 2 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit. | 5% Gastrointestinal disorders Placebo: 4.4% Dose studied: maximal dose 14 mg once dailyn = 9,6502025 |
No comparable result
5 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit.
−2.54%
Body weight change at 13 weeks
Dose studied: maximum 14 mg once dailyn = 9,6502026
No comparable result
9 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit.
7.3 points
estimated difference
Dose studied: 2.4 mg once weekly52 weeksn = 6162024
No comparable result
4 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit.
−13.7 percentage points
Estimated treatment difference
Dose studied: 2.4 mg once weekly26 weeksn = 1082026
No comparable result
6 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit.
8%
Paracetamol AUC0-5h increase
Dose studied: 2.4 mg once weekly (dose-escalated)20 weeksn = 722021
18 g
Fat oxidation increase
Dose studied: 2.0 mg daily for 7 days, then 1.0 mg daily for 7 days2 weeksn = 322010
No comparable result
1 randomized-trial result measure it in another way or another unit.
No comparable result
1 randomized-trial result measure it in another way or another unit.
233 h·nmol/L
AUC0-24h,sema,SS · 3 mg oral semaglutide
Dose studied: 3 mg12 weeksn = 322024
No randomized trial result
1 result from other study designs.
−3.84 mm Hg
SBP change at 13 weeks
Dose studied: maximum 14 mg once dailyn = 9,6502026
No randomized trial result
1 result from other study designs.
−0.87 percentage points
HbA1c change at 13 weeks
Dose studied: maximum 14 mg once dailyn = 9,6502026
No randomized trial result
1 result from other study designs.
−7%
Total cholesterol change at 13 weeks
Dose studied: maximum 14 mg once dailyn = 9,6502026
No randomized trial result
8 results from other study designs.
56.5%
Favorable recovery
Dose studied: 0.5 mgbefore and 1 week after EVTn = 1402025
No randomized trial result
1 result from other study designs.
−17%
Loop diuretic dose decrease · Shown as a change. The study reports a loop diuretic dose decrease of this size.
Dose studied: 2.4 mg once weekly52 weeksn not reported2024
No comparable result
2 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit.
5%
Gastrointestinal disorders
Placebo: 4.4%
Dose studied: maximal dose 14 mg once dailyn = 9,6502025