In PepBank now:147 peptides, 6 blends and 13 other compounds97,577 study results from 17,383 studies8,473 clinical trialsUpdated
Comparing 2 records · Data version 308560
Swipe sideways to see every peptide.
| Peptide | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Identity | |||
| Kind | Small molecule | Small molecule | |
| Area | Longevity and mitochondria | Longevity and mitochondria | |
| Evidence | |||
| Amount of evidence | 1,513 (plus 2 on natural levels, listed separately) | 1,442 (plus 2 on natural levels, listed separately) | |
| Evidence level | Has results from studies in people | Has results from studies in people | |
| Safety | |||
| Safety results | 64 (35 in people) | 19 (12 in people) | |
| Status | |||
| Approval | |||
| Sport (WADA) | |||
| Registered trials | 19 · 8 active14 more mention it but do not test it | 3 | |
Shared outcomes
From the regulatory data of each peptide.
Its most advanced trial is in phase 2. The FDA, the EMA and the other sources we use show no approval (as of 21 Oct 2026).
Outcome groups with study results for at least two of these peptides. Counts include only results from studies that gave the peptide. Bar length is the number of results, on one scale. The bars show how much was studied, not how large an effect was. A peptide with more studies can look stronger here without being stronger. For results, see the randomized results above.
| Outcome group | NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide) | AICAR (acadesine) |
|---|---|---|
| Receptor activity and mechanismWhole body | 2138135655 |
PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.
Its most advanced trial is in phase 3. The FDA, the EMA and the other sources we use show no approval (as of 21 Oct 2026).
5382294242
| Inflammation markersWhole body | 131391361 | 1219328 |
|---|
| Mitochondrial functionWhole body | 143104381 | 713536 |
|---|
| Sex hormones and fertilityReproductive and sexual health | 16513530 | 14113 |
|---|
| Heart functionCardiovascular | 561523 | 73133822 |
|---|
| Adverse eventsWhole body | 4328132 | 12102 |
|---|
| Glycemic controlMetabolic and weight | 295213 | 9857023 |
|---|
| NeuroprotectionNervous system and cognition | 1028715 | 544410 |
|---|
| Exercise and physical functionWhole body | 33258 | 1414 |
|---|
| PharmacokineticsWhole body | 32248 | 422 |
|---|
| LipidsRespiratory | 2020 | 7133137 |
|---|
| Kidney functionKidney and urinary | 454365 | 38344 |
|---|
Registered trials, ranked by phase (late phases first), then posted results and enrollment. Status is the registry status. Study results come from published studies. Results posted at ClinicalTrials.gov are shown on each trial page.
Top 3 of 19 trials, ranked by phase, then posted results and enrollment: 1 ongoing · 1 completed · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)
First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University20 participants1 Jun 2021 to est. 31 Jul 2022
Hypertension
Christopher Kai Shun Leung138 participants19 May 2025 to est. 31 Dec 2026
Glaucoma
Zhejiang Chinese Medical University22 participants1 May 2024 to 6 Apr 2025
Binge Drinking · Liver Injury · Nutritional Supplementation · Hepatic Steatosis
14 more mention it but do not test it. They only measure it or name it in their text.
3 trials · 1 completed · 2 stopped early · 1 with posted results · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC3,080 participantsApr 2009 to Oct 2010
Coronary Artery Bypass · Myocardial Infarction · Ventricular Dysfunction, Left · Stroke · Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Advancell - Advanced In Vitro Cell Technologies, S.A.40 participantsDec 2007 to Dec 2010
Leukemia, B-Cell, Chronic
Groupe Francophone des Myelodysplasies5 participantsJun 2013 to Jun 2015
SMD
For each outcome that two or more peptides have results for: the best result of a single randomized trial, on the same measure (the same kind of number, the same unit). When a trial has several dose arms, the cell shows the highest dose arm. The trials differ in people, length and dose, so a gap between two cells is not proof that one peptide works better.
No outcome has a randomized-trial result on the same measure for two or more of these peptides yet.
The other peptides have no randomized result on the same measure, so these results cannot be set side by side.
| Outcome | NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide) | AICAR (acadesine) |
|---|---|---|
| Heart functionCardiovascularCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in % | No randomized trial result 56 results from other study designs. | 3% Prebypass ECG ischemia Placebo: 0% Dose studied: Low dose, amount not stated7 hn not reported1994 |
| Adverse eventsWhole bodyCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in mg/dl | No comparable result 15 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit. | 1.6 mg/dL Mean uric acid increase Dose studied: High dose, amount not stated7 hn not reported1994 |
| MortalityWhole bodyCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in % | No randomized trial result 17 results from other study designs. | 2.7% Overall mortality Placebo: 3.4% Dose studied: 0.1 mg/kg per minute intravenously and 5 micrograms/ml in cardioplegic solution7 hoursn = 8211995 |
No randomized trial result
56 results from other study designs.
3%
Prebypass ECG ischemia
Placebo: 0%
Dose studied: Low dose, amount not stated7 hn not reported1994
No comparable result
15 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit.
1.6 mg/dL
Mean uric acid increase
Dose studied: High dose, amount not stated7 hn not reported1994
No randomized trial result
17 results from other study designs.
2.7%
Overall mortality
Placebo: 3.4%
Dose studied: 0.1 mg/kg per minute intravenously and 5 micrograms/ml in cardioplegic solution7 hoursn = 8211995