In PepBank now:147 peptides, 6 blends and 13 other compounds97,577 study results from 17,383 studies8,473 clinical trialsUpdated
Comparing 2 records · Data version 308560
Swipe sideways to see every peptide.
| Peptide | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Identity | |||
| Kind | Small molecule | Small molecule | |
| Area | Longevity and mitochondria | Longevity and mitochondria | |
| Evidence | |||
| Amount of evidence | 338 (plus 34 on natural levels, listed separately) | 1,442 (plus 2 on natural levels, listed separately) | |
| Evidence level | Has results from studies in people | Has results from studies in people | |
| Safety | |||
| Safety results | 13 (12 in people) | 19 (12 in people) | |
| Status | |||
| Approval | |||
| Sport (WADA) | |||
| Registered trials | 16 · 10 active35 more mention it but do not test it | 3 | |
Shared outcomes
From the regulatory data of each peptide.
Outcome groups with study results for at least two of these peptides. Counts include only results from studies that gave the peptide. Bar length is the number of results, on one scale. The bars show how much was studied, not how large an effect was. A peptide with more studies can look stronger here without being stronger. For results, see the randomized results above.
| Outcome group | NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) | AICAR (acadesine) |
|---|---|---|
| Receptor activity and mechanismWhole body | 4011920 |
PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.
No FDA approval and no central EU authorisation (EMA).
Its most advanced trial is in phase 3. The FDA, the EMA and the other sources we use show no approval (as of 21 Oct 2026).
| Heart functionCardiovascular | 6372630 | 73133822 |
|---|
| Inflammation markersSkin and wound | 12111 | 1219328 |
|---|
| Glycemic controlMetabolic and weight | 3111 | 9857023 |
|---|
| NeuroprotectionNervous system and cognition | 593524 | 544410 |
|---|
| Mitochondrial functionWhole body | 25916 | 713536 |
|---|
| LipidsMetabolic and weight | 22 | 7133137 |
|---|
| Adverse eventsWhole body | 55 | 12102 |
|---|
| Cardiovascular eventsCardiovascular | 22 | 18117 |
|---|
| Liver fat and liver functionLiver | 17377 | 27207 |
|---|
| Immune responseImmune and inflammation | 18117 | 302010 |
|---|
| PharmacokineticsPharmacology | 208210 | 422 |
|---|
For each outcome that two or more peptides have results for: the best result of a single randomized trial, on the same measure (the same kind of number, the same unit). When a trial has several dose arms, the cell shows the highest dose arm. The trials differ in people, length and dose, so a gap between two cells is not proof that one peptide works better.
No outcome has a randomized-trial result on the same measure for two or more of these peptides yet.
The other peptides have no randomized result on the same measure, so these results cannot be set side by side.
| Outcome | NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) | AICAR (acadesine) |
|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular eventsCardiovascularCompared as: difference from placebo, in unitless | 0.089 unitless P value for 6-month composite MACCE rate comparison Dose studied: 10 mg/day7 daysn = 1802026 | No comparable result 11 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit. |
| Heart functionCardiovascularCompared as: difference from placebo, in unitless | 0.024 unitless P value for LVEF comparison Dose studied: 10 mg/day7 daysn = 1802026 | |
| MortalityWhole bodyCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in % | No randomized trial result 1 result from other study designs. | 2.7% Overall mortality Placebo: 3.4% Dose studied: 0.1 mg/kg per minute intravenously and 5 micrograms/ml in cardioplegic solution7 hoursn = 8211995 |
| Adverse eventsWhole bodyCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in mg/dl | No randomized trial result 5 results from other study designs. | 1.6 mg/dL Mean uric acid increase Dose studied: High dose, amount not stated7 hn not reported1994 |
0.089 unitless
P value for 6-month composite MACCE rate comparison
Dose studied: 10 mg/day7 daysn = 1802026
No comparable result
11 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit.
No comparable result
10 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit.
0.024 unitless
P value for LVEF comparison
Dose studied: 10 mg/day7 daysn = 1802026
No comparable result
10 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit.
No randomized trial result
1 result from other study designs.
2.7%
Overall mortality
Placebo: 3.4%
Dose studied: 0.1 mg/kg per minute intravenously and 5 micrograms/ml in cardioplegic solution7 hoursn = 8211995
No randomized trial result
5 results from other study designs.
1.6 mg/dL
Mean uric acid increase
Dose studied: High dose, amount not stated7 hn not reported1994
Registered trials, ranked by phase (late phases first), then posted results and enrollment. Status is the registry status. Study results come from published studies. Results posted at ClinicalTrials.gov are shown on each trial page.
Top 3 of 16 trials, ranked by phase, then posted results and enrollment: 1 ongoing · 1 not yet recruiting · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)
Anhui Provincial Hospital37 participants19 Dec 2023 to est. Mar 2026
Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma
AgelessRx30 participants23 Jul 2025 to est. Apr 2026
Healthspan Improvement · Aging · Longevity
Beijing Children's Hospital180 participantsest. 1 Oct 2026 to est. 1 Dec 2028
Cardiac Dysfunction
35 more mention it but do not test it. They only measure it or name it in their text.
3 trials · 1 completed · 2 stopped early · 1 with posted results · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC3,080 participantsApr 2009 to Oct 2010
Coronary Artery Bypass · Myocardial Infarction · Ventricular Dysfunction, Left · Stroke · Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Advancell - Advanced In Vitro Cell Technologies, S.A.40 participantsDec 2007 to Dec 2010
Leukemia, B-Cell, Chronic
Groupe Francophone des Myelodysplasies5 participantsJun 2013 to Jun 2015
SMD