In PepBank now:147 peptides, 6 blends and 13 other compounds97,577 study results from 17,383 studies8,473 clinical trialsUpdated
Comparing 2 records · Data version 308560
Swipe sideways to see every peptide.
| Peptide | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Identity | |||
| Kind | Small molecule | Small molecule | |
| Area | Longevity and mitochondria | Longevity and mitochondria | |
| Evidence | |||
| Amount of evidence | 222 | 1,442 (plus 2 on natural levels, listed separately) | |
| Evidence level | Has results from studies in people | Has results from studies in people | |
| Safety | |||
| Safety results | 48 (43 in people) | 19 (12 in people) | |
| Status | |||
| Approval | |||
| Sport (WADA) | |||
| Registered trials | 143 · 22 active200 more mention it but do not test it | 3 | |
Shared outcomes
From the regulatory data of each peptide.
Outcome groups with study results for at least two of these peptides. Counts include only results from studies that gave the peptide. Bar length is the number of results, on one scale. The bars show how much was studied, not how large an effect was. A peptide with more studies can look stronger here without being stronger. For results, see the randomized results above.
| Outcome group | Methylene blue | AICAR (acadesine) |
|---|---|---|
| Receptor activity and mechanismPharmacology | 1111 | 5382294242 |
| Heart function |
PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.
The EMA label for Methylthioninium chloride Proveblue says: “Acute symptomatic treatment of medicinal and chemical products-induced methaemoglobinaemia, in adults, children and adolescents (0 to 17 years)”
Its most advanced trial is in phase 3. The FDA, the EMA and the other sources we use show no approval (as of 21 Oct 2026).
3535 |
73133822 |
| Adverse eventsWhole body | 29254 | 12102 |
|---|
| Blood pressureCardiovascular | 2626 | 1212 |
|---|
| NeuroprotectionNervous system and cognition | 55 | 544410 |
|---|
| Blood oxygenation and oxygen transportWhole body | 19163 | 22 |
|---|
| MortalityWhole body | 1212 | 624 |
|---|
| PharmacokineticsPharmacology | 17134 | 422 |
|---|
| Vascular functionWhole body | 1212 | 7151 |
|---|
| Cardiovascular eventsCardiovascular | 11 | 18117 |
|---|
| Kidney functionKidney and urinary | 33 | 38344 |
|---|
| Anxiety and moodMental health and mood | 88 | 99 |
|---|
For each outcome that two or more peptides have results for: the best result of a single randomized trial, on the same measure (the same kind of number, the same unit). When a trial has several dose arms, the cell shows the highest dose arm. The trials differ in people, length and dose, so a gap between two cells is not proof that one peptide works better.
No outcome has a randomized-trial result on the same measure for two or more of these peptides yet.
The other peptides have no randomized result on the same measure, so these results cannot be set side by side.
| Outcome | Methylene blue | AICAR (acadesine) |
|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular eventsCardiovascularCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in % | No comparable result 1 randomized-trial result measure it in another way or another unit. | 5.1% Primary outcome Placebo: 5% Dose studied: 0.1 mg/kg per minute7 hoursn = 2,9862012 |
| Heart functionCardiovascularCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in % | No comparable result 11 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit. | 3% Prebypass ECG ischemia Placebo: 0% Dose studied: Low dose, amount not stated7 hn not reported1994 |
| PharmacokineticsPharmacologyCompared as: difference from placebo, in % | −35% Desethylchloroquine AUC(0-24 h)/BW reduction · Shown as a change. The study reports a desethylchloroquine auc(0-24 h)/bw reduction of this size. Dose studied: 130 mg twice daily3 daysn = 242004 | No randomized trial result 4 results from other study designs. |
| MortalityWhole bodyCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in % | No comparable result 3 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit. | 2.7% Overall mortality Placebo: 3.4% Dose studied: 0.1 mg/kg per minute intravenously and 5 micrograms/ml in cardioplegic solution7 hoursn = 8211995 |
| Adverse eventsWhole bodyCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in mg/dl | No comparable result 12 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit. | 1.6 mg/dL Mean uric acid increase Dose studied: High dose, amount not stated7 hn not reported1994 |
No comparable result
1 randomized-trial result measure it in another way or another unit.
5.1%
Primary outcome
Placebo: 5%
Dose studied: 0.1 mg/kg per minute7 hoursn = 2,9862012
No comparable result
11 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit.
3%
Prebypass ECG ischemia
Placebo: 0%
Dose studied: Low dose, amount not stated7 hn not reported1994
−35%
Desethylchloroquine AUC(0-24 h)/BW reduction · Shown as a change. The study reports a desethylchloroquine auc(0-24 h)/bw reduction of this size.
Dose studied: 130 mg twice daily3 daysn = 242004
No randomized trial result
4 results from other study designs.
No comparable result
3 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit.
2.7%
Overall mortality
Placebo: 3.4%
Dose studied: 0.1 mg/kg per minute intravenously and 5 micrograms/ml in cardioplegic solution7 hoursn = 8211995
No comparable result
12 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit.
1.6 mg/dL
Mean uric acid increase
Dose studied: High dose, amount not stated7 hn not reported1994
Registered trials, ranked by phase (late phases first), then posted results and enrollment. Status is the registry status. Study results come from published studies. Results posted at ClinicalTrials.gov are shown on each trial page.
Top 3 of 143 trials, ranked by phase, then posted results and enrollment: 2 completed · 1 stopped early · 3 with posted results · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)
Cosmo Technologies Ltd1,249 participantsSept 2013 to Oct 2016
Colorectal Cancer
The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston56 participants14 Feb 2020 to 6 Dec 2022
DENT IMPLANTS · LASER
Thomas Jefferson University50 participantsJul 2011 to Oct 2012
Secretion Removal Above ETT Cuff
200 more mention it but do not test it. They only measure it or name it in their text.
3 trials · 1 completed · 2 stopped early · 1 with posted results · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC3,080 participantsApr 2009 to Oct 2010
Coronary Artery Bypass · Myocardial Infarction · Ventricular Dysfunction, Left · Stroke · Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Advancell - Advanced In Vitro Cell Technologies, S.A.40 participantsDec 2007 to Dec 2010
Leukemia, B-Cell, Chronic
Groupe Francophone des Myelodysplasies5 participantsJun 2013 to Jun 2015
SMD