Setmelanotide in Pediatric Participants With Rare Genetic Diseases of Obesity

Mean absolute change from baseline to Week 52 in BMI Z-score was reported. BMI was calculated using participant's weight and height assessments, using the following formula: BMI = kg/m\^2. The BMI Z-scores were based on the World Health Organization's Child Growth Standards 2007 and indicated the number of standard deviations away from the mean. A Z-score of 0 was equal to the mean of a reference population (i.e., healthy, age and sex-matched individuals). A decrease of BMI Z-score (\< 0) indicated a reduction in BMI from Baseline whereas an increase of BMI-Z score (\> 0) indicated an increase in BMI from Baseline. Baseline was defined as the most recent measurement prior to the first administration of study drug.

Mean change from baseline to Week 52 in percent of the 95th percentile of BMI was reported. BMI was calculated using participant's weight and height assessments, using the following formula: BMI = kg/m\^2. BMI Percentile-scores are measures of relative weight adjusted for child age and gender. The percent of the BMI 95th percentile score expresses the participant's BMI as a percentage of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) 95th percentile reference population. Baseline was defined as the most recent measurement prior to the first administration of study drug.

Mean change from baseline to Week 52 in bone age was reported. A standard bone age measurement (of the hand/wrist area) was obtained at the beginning and the end of the trial to monitor for growth related safety concerns. Baseline was defined as the most recent measurement prior to the first administration of study drug.

ASQ-3: developmental screening questionnaire that consists of 5 areas: communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem solving, and personal-social. Each area has 6 questions scored as Yes=10 points, Sometimes=5 points, and Not yet=0 points. A child can score between 0-60 points for each area with total score range: 0 to 300; higher scores are indicative of improvement. Total area score is then compared to age-adjusted standardized score cutoff (determined by developers of tool) which indicate whether child's development appears to be on schedule according to these categories: Below=Total analysis score (TAS) is below cutoff. Further assessment with professional may be needed; Monitor=TAS is close to cutoff. Provide learning activities and monitor; Above= TAS is above cutoff, and child's development appears to be on schedule. Shift from baseline for each developmental area of assessment according to these 3 outcome categories was reported. Total score was not applicable.

Change from baseline to Week 52 in body weight was reported.

An adverse event (AE) was any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical study participant, temporally associated with the use of a study intervention, whether or not considered related to the study intervention. A TEAE was defined as any AE that started or worsened in intensity on or after the date of the first administration of study drug.

A TEAE was any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical study participant, temporally associated with the use of a study intervention, whether or not considered related to the study intervention. A TEAE was defined as any AE that started or worsened in intensity on or after the date of the first administration of study drug. TEAEs were graded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) criteria. Grade 1- Mild; Grade 2- Moderate; Grade 3- Severe; Grade 4- Life Threatening; Grade 5- Death related to AE.