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Study · Randomized controlled trial · n = 61 · 2021

20 results

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone Reduces Plasma Markers of Immune Activation and Hepatic Immune Pathways in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Stanley T, Fourman L, Wong L, Sadreyev R, Billingsley J, Feldpausch M, Boutin A, Lee H, Corey K, Torriani M, Kleiner D, Chung R, Hadigan C, Grinspoon S

Journal of the Endocrine Society3 May 2021

PMCIDPMC8090591 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-96196777
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC-ND. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study20

20 results from studies that gave the peptide. 20 results from people.

  1. 01HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In people with HIV and NAFLD, tesamorelin decreased circulating concentrations of 13 immune-related proteins compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn people with HIV and fatty liver, tesamorelin lowered blood levels of 13 immune-related proteins more than placebo did.

    Peptide
    Tesamorelin
    Outcome
    DecreaseNumber of circulating immune proteins changed
    Study

    n = 61

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 12 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Compared to placebo, tesamorelin decreased circulating concentrations of 13 proteins
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    92 biomarkers associated with immune function (Olink Immuno-Oncology panel) were measured in plasma samples from 61 PWH with NAFLD who participated in a double-blind, randomized, 12-month trial of tesamorelin versus identical placebo.
  2. 02HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In people with HIV and NAFLD, tesamorelin decreased circulating CCL3 compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn people with HIV and fatty liver, tesamorelin lowered blood levels of the immune protein CCL3 more than placebo did.

    Peptide
    Tesamorelin
    Outcome
    DecreaseCirculating CCL3
    Study

    n = 61

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 12 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    CCL3 effect size
    −0.38 Log2 fold change
    tesamorelin vs placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    C-C Motif Chemokine Ligands 3 [CCL3, effect size -0.38 Log2 fold change]
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Compared to placebo, tesamorelin decreased circulating concentrations of 13 proteins
    Summary · context
    92 biomarkers associated with immune function (Olink Immuno-Oncology panel) were measured in plasma samples from 61 PWH with NAFLD who participated in a double-blind, randomized, 12-month trial of tesamorelin versus identical placebo.
  3. 03HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In people with HIV and NAFLD, tesamorelin decreased circulating CCL4 compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn people with HIV and fatty liver, tesamorelin lowered blood levels of the immune protein CCL4 more than placebo did.

    Peptide
    Tesamorelin
    Outcome
    DecreaseCirculating CCL4
    Study

    n = 61

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 12 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    CCL4 effect size
    −0.36 Log2 fold change
    tesamorelin vs placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    4 [CCL4, -0.36 Log2 fold change]
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Compared to placebo, tesamorelin decreased circulating concentrations of 13 proteins
    Summary · context
    92 biomarkers associated with immune function (Olink Immuno-Oncology panel) were measured in plasma samples from 61 PWH with NAFLD who participated in a double-blind, randomized, 12-month trial of tesamorelin versus identical placebo.
  4. 04HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In people with HIV and NAFLD, tesamorelin decreased circulating CCL13 (MCP4) compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn people with HIV and fatty liver, tesamorelin lowered blood levels of the immune protein CCL13 more than placebo did.

    Peptide
    Tesamorelin
    Outcome
    DecreaseCirculating CCL13 (MCP4)
    Study

    n = 61

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 12 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    CCL13 effect size
    −0.42 Log2 fold change
    tesamorelin vs placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    13 [CCL13 or MCP4, -0.42 Log2 fold change]
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Compared to placebo, tesamorelin decreased circulating concentrations of 13 proteins
    Summary · context
    92 biomarkers associated with immune function (Olink Immuno-Oncology panel) were measured in plasma samples from 61 PWH with NAFLD who participated in a double-blind, randomized, 12-month trial of tesamorelin versus identical placebo.
  5. 05HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In people with HIV and NAFLD, tesamorelin decreased circulating interleukin-8 compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn people with HIV and fatty liver, tesamorelin lowered blood levels of the immune protein interleukin-8 more than placebo did.

    Peptide
    Tesamorelin
    Outcome
    DecreaseCirculating interleukin-8
    Study

    n = 61

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 12 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Interleukin-8 effect size
    −0.5 Log2 fold change
    tesamorelin vs placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    interleukin-8 [-0.50 Log2 fold change]
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Compared to placebo, tesamorelin decreased circulating concentrations of 13 proteins
    Summary · context
    92 biomarkers associated with immune function (Olink Immuno-Oncology panel) were measured in plasma samples from 61 PWH with NAFLD who participated in a double-blind, randomized, 12-month trial of tesamorelin versus identical placebo.
  6. 06HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In people with HIV and NAFLD, tesamorelin decreased circulating interleukin-10 compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn people with HIV and fatty liver, tesamorelin lowered blood levels of the immune protein interleukin-10 more than placebo did.

    Peptide
    Tesamorelin
    Outcome
    DecreaseCirculating interleukin-10
    Study

    n = 61

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 12 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Interleukin-10 effect size
    −0.32 Log2 fold change
    tesamorelin vs placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    interleukin-10 [-0.32 Log2 fold change]
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Compared to placebo, tesamorelin decreased circulating concentrations of 13 proteins
    Summary · context
    92 biomarkers associated with immune function (Olink Immuno-Oncology panel) were measured in plasma samples from 61 PWH with NAFLD who participated in a double-blind, randomized, 12-month trial of tesamorelin versus identical placebo.
  7. 07HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In people with HIV and NAFLD, tesamorelin decreased circulating cytokine stimulating factor 1 compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn people with HIV and fatty liver, tesamorelin lowered blood levels of the immune protein cytokine stimulating factor 1 more than placebo did.

    Peptide
    Tesamorelin
    Outcome
    DecreaseCirculating cytokine stimulating factor 1
    Study

    n = 61

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 12 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Cytokine stimulating factor 1 effect size
    −0.22 Log2 fold change
    tesamorelin vs placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    cytokine stimulating factor 1 [-0.22 Log2 fold change]
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Compared to placebo, tesamorelin decreased circulating concentrations of 13 proteins
    Summary · context
    92 biomarkers associated with immune function (Olink Immuno-Oncology panel) were measured in plasma samples from 61 PWH with NAFLD who participated in a double-blind, randomized, 12-month trial of tesamorelin versus identical placebo.
  8. 08HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In people with HIV and NAFLD, tesamorelin decreased circulating CD8A, a T-cell associated molecule, compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn people with HIV and fatty liver, tesamorelin lowered blood levels of the T-cell molecule CD8A more than placebo did.

    Peptide
    Tesamorelin
    Outcome
    DecreaseCirculating CD8A
    Study

    n = 61

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 12 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    CD8A effect size
    −0.37 Log2 fold change
    tesamorelin vs placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    CD8A [-0.37 Log2 fold change]
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Compared to placebo, tesamorelin decreased circulating concentrations of 13 proteins
    Summary · context
    92 biomarkers associated with immune function (Olink Immuno-Oncology panel) were measured in plasma samples from 61 PWH with NAFLD who participated in a double-blind, randomized, 12-month trial of tesamorelin versus identical placebo.
  9. 09HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In people with HIV and NAFLD, tesamorelin decreased circulating CRTAM, a T-cell associated molecule, compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn people with HIV and fatty liver, tesamorelin lowered blood levels of the T-cell molecule CRTAM more than placebo did.

    Peptide
    Tesamorelin
    Outcome
    DecreaseCirculating CRTAM
    Study

    n = 61

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 12 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    CRTAM effect size
    −0.47 Log2 fold change
    tesamorelin vs placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Cytotoxic And Regulatory T Cell Molecule [CRTAM, -0.47 Log2 fold change]
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Compared to placebo, tesamorelin decreased circulating concentrations of 13 proteins
    Summary · context
    92 biomarkers associated with immune function (Olink Immuno-Oncology panel) were measured in plasma samples from 61 PWH with NAFLD who participated in a double-blind, randomized, 12-month trial of tesamorelin versus identical placebo.
  10. 10HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In people with HIV and NAFLD, tesamorelin decreased circulating granzyme A, a T-cell associated molecule, compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn people with HIV and fatty liver, tesamorelin lowered blood levels of the T-cell molecule granzyme A more than placebo did.

    Peptide
    Tesamorelin
    Outcome
    DecreaseCirculating granzyme A
    Study

    n = 61

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 12 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Granzyme A effect size
    −0.53 Log2 fold change
    tesamorelin vs placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    granzyme A [-0.53 Log2 fold change]
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Compared to placebo, tesamorelin decreased circulating concentrations of 13 proteins
    Summary · context
    92 biomarkers associated with immune function (Olink Immuno-Oncology panel) were measured in plasma samples from 61 PWH with NAFLD who participated in a double-blind, randomized, 12-month trial of tesamorelin versus identical placebo.
  11. 11HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In people with HIV and NAFLD, tesamorelin decreased circulating adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G1 (ADGRG1), a T-cell associated molecule, compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn people with HIV and fatty liver, tesamorelin lowered blood levels of the T-cell molecule ADGRG1 more than placebo did.

    Peptide
    Tesamorelin
    Outcome
    DecreaseCirculating ADGRG1
    Study

    n = 61

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 12 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    ADGRG1 effect size
    −0.54 Log2 fold change
    tesamorelin vs placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G1 [ADGRG1, -0.54 Log2 fold change]
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Compared to placebo, tesamorelin decreased circulating concentrations of 13 proteins
    Summary · context
    92 biomarkers associated with immune function (Olink Immuno-Oncology panel) were measured in plasma samples from 61 PWH with NAFLD who participated in a double-blind, randomized, 12-month trial of tesamorelin versus identical placebo.
  12. 12HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In people with HIV and NAFLD, tesamorelin decreased circulating arginase-1 compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn people with HIV and fatty liver, tesamorelin lowered blood levels of arginase-1, an immune-related protein, more than placebo did.

    Peptide
    Tesamorelin
    Outcome
    DecreaseCirculating arginase-1
    Study

    n = 61

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 12 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Arginase-1 effect size
    −0.95 Log2 fold change
    tesamorelin vs placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    arginase-1 [-0.95 Log2 fold change]
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Compared to placebo, tesamorelin decreased circulating concentrations of 13 proteins
    Summary · context
    92 biomarkers associated with immune function (Olink Immuno-Oncology panel) were measured in plasma samples from 61 PWH with NAFLD who participated in a double-blind, randomized, 12-month trial of tesamorelin versus identical placebo.
  13. 13HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In people with HIV and NAFLD, tesamorelin decreased circulating galectin-9 compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn people with HIV and fatty liver, tesamorelin lowered blood levels of galectin-9, an immune-related protein, more than placebo did.

    Peptide
    Tesamorelin
    Outcome
    DecreaseCirculating galectin-9
    Study

    n = 61

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 12 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Galectin-9 effect size
    −0.26 Log2 fold change
    tesamorelin vs placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    galectin-9 [-0.26 Log2 fold change]
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Compared to placebo, tesamorelin decreased circulating concentrations of 13 proteins
    Summary · context
    92 biomarkers associated with immune function (Olink Immuno-Oncology panel) were measured in plasma samples from 61 PWH with NAFLD who participated in a double-blind, randomized, 12-month trial of tesamorelin versus identical placebo.
  14. 14HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In people with HIV and NAFLD, tesamorelin decreased circulating hepatocyte growth factor compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn people with HIV and fatty liver, tesamorelin lowered blood levels of hepatocyte growth factor more than placebo did.

    Peptide
    Tesamorelin
    Outcome
    DecreaseCirculating hepatocyte growth factor
    Study

    n = 61

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 12 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Hepatocyte growth factor effect size
    −0.3 Log2 fold change
    tesamorelin vs placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    hepatocyte growth factor [-0.30 Log2 fold change]
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Compared to placebo, tesamorelin decreased circulating concentrations of 13 proteins
    Summary · context
    92 biomarkers associated with immune function (Olink Immuno-Oncology panel) were measured in plasma samples from 61 PWH with NAFLD who participated in a double-blind, randomized, 12-month trial of tesamorelin versus identical placebo.
  15. 15HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In people with HIV and NAFLD, tesamorelin did not significantly increase any protein in the immune panel.

    In plain wordsIn people with HIV and fatty liver, tesamorelin did not raise any of the measured immune proteins significantly.

    Peptide
    Tesamorelin
    Outcome
    No significant changeCirculating proteins increased by tesamorelin
    Study

    n = 61

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 12 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    No proteins in the panel were significantly increased by tesamorelin.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    92 biomarkers associated with immune function (Olink Immuno-Oncology panel) were measured in plasma samples from 61 PWH with NAFLD who participated in a double-blind, randomized, 12-month trial of tesamorelin versus identical placebo.
  16. 16HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In people with HIV and NAFLD, network analysis suggested down regulation of a closely related cluster of immune pathways with tesamorelin.

    In plain wordsIn people with HIV and fatty liver, analysis of blood proteins suggested tesamorelin turned down a linked group of immune pathways.

    Peptide
    Tesamorelin
    Outcome
    DecreaseImmune pathway network of reduced proteins
    Study

    n = 61

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 12 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Network analysis indicated close interaction among the gene pathways responsible for the reduced proteins, with imputational analyses suggesting down regulation of a closely related cluster of immune pathways.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    92 biomarkers associated with immune function (Olink Immuno-Oncology panel) were measured in plasma samples from 61 PWH with NAFLD who participated in a double-blind, randomized, 12-month trial of tesamorelin versus identical placebo.
  17. 17HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In liver biopsies from people with HIV and NAFLD, tesamorelin down-regulated antigen presentation pathways.

    In plain wordsIn liver samples from people with HIV and fatty liver, tesamorelin was linked to lower activity of antigen presentation pathways.

    Peptide
    Tesamorelin
    Outcome
    DecreaseHepatic antigen presentation pathway
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 12 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Targeted transcriptomics using tissue from liver biopsy confirmed an end-organ signal of down-regulated immune pathways, including pathways involved in antigen presentation
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Gene set enrichment analysis targeted to immune pathways was subsequently performed on liver tissue from serial biopsies.
  18. 18HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In liver biopsies from people with HIV and NAFLD, tesamorelin down-regulated complement activation pathways.

    In plain wordsIn liver samples from people with HIV and fatty liver, tesamorelin was linked to lower activity of complement activation pathways.

    Peptide
    Tesamorelin
    Outcome
    DecreaseHepatic complement activation pathway
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 12 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Targeted transcriptomics using tissue from liver biopsy confirmed an end-organ signal of down-regulated immune pathways
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    complement activation
    Summary · context
    Gene set enrichment analysis targeted to immune pathways was subsequently performed on liver tissue from serial biopsies.
  19. 19HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In liver biopsies from people with HIV and NAFLD, tesamorelin down-regulated toll like receptor and inflammatory signaling pathways.

    In plain wordsIn liver samples from people with HIV and fatty liver, tesamorelin was linked to lower activity of toll like receptor and inflammatory signaling pathways.

    Peptide
    Tesamorelin
    Outcome
    DecreaseHepatic toll like receptor and inflammatory signaling pathways
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 12 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Targeted transcriptomics using tissue from liver biopsy confirmed an end-organ signal of down-regulated immune pathways
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    toll like receptor and inflammatory signaling
    Summary · context
    Gene set enrichment analysis targeted to immune pathways was subsequently performed on liver tissue from serial biopsies.
  20. 20HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In liver biopsies from people with HIV and NAFLD, tesamorelin down-regulated T-cell activation pathways.

    In plain wordsIn liver samples from people with HIV and fatty liver, tesamorelin was linked to lower activity of T-cell activation pathways.

    Peptide
    Tesamorelin
    Outcome
    DecreaseHepatic T-cell activation pathway
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 12 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Targeted transcriptomics using tissue from liver biopsy confirmed an end-organ signal of down-regulated immune pathways
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    T-cell activation
    Summary · context
    Gene set enrichment analysis targeted to immune pathways was subsequently performed on liver tissue from serial biopsies.

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Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    9 Oct 2026, 19:08 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:13 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

Publication types

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