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Study · Systematic review · n = 1,056 · 2026

7 results

Thymosin-ɑ1 for people with chronic hepatitis B.

Naing C, Ni H, Aung HH, Aye SN, Nikolova D, Poovorawan Y, Pavlov C

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews9 Sept 2026

PMID42713852 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1002/14651858.cd014610.pub2 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-42713852
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study7

7 results from studies that gave the peptide. 7 results from people.

  1. 01HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In people with chronic hepatitis B, thymosin-α1 may reduce serious adverse events compared with control interventions (low-certainty evidence).

    In plain wordsIn people with chronic hepatitis B, thymosin-α1 may lead to fewer serious side effects than control, based on low-certainty evidence.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    DecreaseSerious adverse events
    Study

    n = 1,056

    Comparator
    Control interventions (placebo, no intervention or the same co-intervention)
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Liver
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    RR
    0.72 ratio
    serious adverse events

    Source sentences

    Summary
    serious adverse events (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.99; I² = 0%; 5 studies, 1056 participants
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    We included 10 RCTs conducted in Bangladesh, China, Italy, Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan, with 1349 randomised participants (range: 12 to 690; 1045 (77.5%) were male).
  2. 02HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In people with chronic hepatitis B, thymosin-α1 may reduce all-cause mortality compared with control interventions (very low-certainty evidence).

    In plain wordsIn people with chronic hepatitis B, thymosin-α1 may lower deaths from any cause compared with control, but the evidence is very uncertain.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    DecreaseAll-cause mortality
    Study

    n = 907

    Comparator
    Control interventions (placebo, no intervention or the same co-intervention)
    Outcome group
    Mortality · Liver
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    RR
    0.53 ratio
    all-cause mortality

    Source sentences

    Summary
    all-cause mortality (RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.96; I² = 0%; 3 studies, 907 participants
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    We included 10 RCTs conducted in Bangladesh, China, Italy, Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan, with 1349 randomised participants (range: 12 to 690; 1045 (77.5%) were male).
  3. 03HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In people with chronic hepatitis B, thymosin-α1 may reduce HBV-related mortality compared with control interventions (very low-certainty evidence).

    In plain wordsIn people with chronic hepatitis B, thymosin-α1 may lower deaths related to the virus compared with control, but the evidence is very uncertain.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    DecreaseHBV-related mortality
    Study

    n = 907

    Comparator
    Control interventions (placebo, no intervention or the same co-intervention)
    Outcome group
    Mortality · Liver
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    RR
    0.53 ratio
    HBV-related mortality

    Source sentences

    Summary
    HBV-related mortality (RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.96; I² = 0%; 3 studies, 907 participants
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    We included 10 RCTs conducted in Bangladesh, China, Italy, Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan, with 1349 randomised participants (range: 12 to 690; 1045 (77.5%) were male).
  4. 04HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In people with chronic hepatitis B, the effect of thymosin-ɑ1 on hepatitis B-related morbidity is very uncertain; no clear difference was shown.

    In plain wordsIn people with chronic hepatitis B, it is very uncertain whether thymosin-ɑ1 changes illness related to the virus compared with control.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    No significant changeHepatitis B-related morbidity
    Study

    n = 854

    Comparator
    Control interventions (placebo, no intervention or the same co-intervention)
    Outcome group
    Liver fat and liver function · Liver
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    RR
    0.86 ratio
    hepatitis B-related morbidity

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of thymosin-ɑ1 on hepatitis B-related morbidity (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.40; I² = 3%; 3 studies, 854 participants; very low-certainty evidence).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    We included 10 RCTs conducted in Bangladesh, China, Italy, Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan, with 1349 randomised participants (range: 12 to 690; 1045 (77.5%) were male).
  5. 05HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In people with chronic hepatitis B, thymosin-α1 may have little to no effect on histological improvement (very low-certainty evidence).

    In plain wordsIn people with chronic hepatitis B, thymosin-α1 may make little or no difference to liver tissue improvement, but the evidence is very uncertain.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    No significant changeHistological improvement
    Study

    n = 702

    Comparator
    Control interventions (placebo, no intervention or the same co-intervention)
    Outcome group
    Liver fat and liver function · Liver
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    RR
    0.51 ratio
    histological improvement

    Source sentences

    Summary
    histological improvement (RR 0.51, 95% CI 0.13 to 2.06; I² = 74%; 2 studies, 702 participants
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    We included 10 RCTs conducted in Bangladesh, China, Italy, Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan, with 1349 randomised participants (range: 12 to 690; 1045 (77.5%) were male).
  6. 06HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In people with chronic hepatitis B, thymosin-α1 may reduce non-serious adverse events compared with control interventions (very low-certainty evidence).

    In plain wordsIn people with chronic hepatitis B, thymosin-α1 may lead to fewer minor side effects than control, but the evidence is very uncertain.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    DecreaseNon-serious adverse events
    Study

    n = 300

    Comparator
    Control interventions (placebo, no intervention or the same co-intervention)
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Liver
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    RR
    0.47 ratio
    non-serious adverse events

    Source sentences

    Summary
    non-serious adverse events (RR 0.47, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.83; I² = 0%; 5 studies, 300 participants
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    We included 10 RCTs conducted in Bangladesh, China, Italy, Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan, with 1349 randomised participants (range: 12 to 690; 1045 (77.5%) were male).
  7. 07HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In people with chronic hepatitis B, thymosin-α1 may have little to no effect on health-related quality of life (one study, very low-certainty evidence).

    In plain wordsIn people with chronic hepatitis B, thymosin-α1 may make little or no difference to quality of life, based on one study.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    No significant changeHealth-related quality of life
    Study

    n = 161

    Comparator
    Control interventions (placebo, no intervention or the same co-intervention)
    Outcome group
    Quality of life · Whole body
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    MD
    0.7 points
    health-related quality of life

    Source sentences

    Summary
    health-related quality of life (MD 0.70, 95% CI -2.55 to 3.95; I² not applicable; 1 study, 161 participants
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    We included 10 RCTs conducted in Bangladesh, China, Italy, Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan, with 1349 randomised participants (range: 12 to 690; 1045 (77.5%) were male).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 3Current

    9 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 2

    9 Oct 2026, 03:03 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:02 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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