A tea exosome-integrated self‑oxygenating cascade chitosan/oxidized alginate hydrogel for remodeling the hyperglycemic and hypoxic microenvironment in diabetic wound healing.

Xie LH, Zhou XH, Wen WQ, Wang W, Gui P, Li L, Wang GH

Carbohydrate polymers8 Jul 2026

PMID42586657DOI10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.125628PepBankPUB-42586657

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study4

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone4

In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.

01AnimalNot a test of GHK-Cu aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Activity measurement
In vitro and in vivo diabetic wound studies, the GHK‑Cu-containing hydrogel Gel@Lip-TEx@GCu-GOX showed potent antibacterial activity.
In plain wordsIn lab and animal tests, a hydrogel containing GHK‑Cu and other parts showed strong antibacterial activity in diabetic wounds.
Peptide
GHK-Cu
Outcome
IncreaseAntibacterial activity of the GHK-Cu hydrogel
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Infection and antimicrobial activity · Infection
Source sentences
Summary
In vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that Gel@Lip-TEx@GCu-GOX exerted potent antibacterial activity, enhanced M2 polarization and angiogenesis, and markedly accelerated diabetic wound repair.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Herein, we designed a pathology-powered therapeutic cascade hydrogel, Gel@Lip-TEx@GCu-GOX based on a dynamic polysaccharide network.
In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.
Report a problemFND-4258665701
02AnimalNot a test of GHK-Cu aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
The GHK‑Cu-containing hydrogel enhanced M2 macrophage polarization in in vitro and in vivo studies.
In plain wordsIn lab and animal tests, a hydrogel containing GHK‑Cu and other parts increased the shift of macrophages to the repair type.
Peptide
GHK-Cu
Outcome
IncreaseMacrophage M2 polarization
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Immune response · Immune and inflammation
Source sentences
Summary
In vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that Gel@Lip-TEx@GCu-GOX exerted potent antibacterial activity, enhanced M2 polarization and angiogenesis, and markedly accelerated diabetic wound repair.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Herein, we designed a pathology-powered therapeutic cascade hydrogel, Gel@Lip-TEx@GCu-GOX based on a dynamic polysaccharide network.
In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.
Report a problemFND-4258665702
03AnimalNot a test of GHK-Cu aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
The GHK‑Cu-containing hydrogel enhanced angiogenesis in in vitro and in vivo studies.
In plain wordsIn lab and animal tests, a hydrogel containing GHK‑Cu and other parts increased new blood vessel growth.
Peptide
GHK-Cu
Outcome
IncreaseAngiogenesis
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Wound healing · Skin and wound
Source sentences
Summary
In vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that Gel@Lip-TEx@GCu-GOX exerted potent antibacterial activity, enhanced M2 polarization and angiogenesis, and markedly accelerated diabetic wound repair.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Herein, we designed a pathology-powered therapeutic cascade hydrogel, Gel@Lip-TEx@GCu-GOX based on a dynamic polysaccharide network.
In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.
Report a problemFND-4258665703
04AnimalNot a test of GHK-Cu aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
The GHK‑Cu-containing hydrogel markedly accelerated diabetic wound repair in in vitro and in vivo studies.
In plain wordsIn lab and animal tests, a hydrogel containing GHK‑Cu and other parts sped up the healing of diabetic wounds.
Peptide
GHK-Cu
Outcome
IncreaseDiabetic wound repair
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Wound healing · Skin and wound
Source sentences
Summary
In vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that Gel@Lip-TEx@GCu-GOX exerted potent antibacterial activity, enhanced M2 polarization and angiogenesis, and markedly accelerated diabetic wound repair.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Herein, we designed a pathology-powered therapeutic cascade hydrogel, Gel@Lip-TEx@GCu-GOX based on a dynamic polysaccharide network.
In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.
Report a problemFND-4258665704

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 3Current
9 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC
Study results updated
Version 2
9 Oct 2026, 03:03 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 02:56 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.