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Study · In vitro (cells) · 2026

13 results

Thymosin α1 Augments CD8⁺ T-Cell Activation and Reverses Exhaustion In Vitro.

Mishra S, Telang G, Sureshbabu A, Kulkarni S, Barage S, Kumar AWS, Singh R

Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP1 Jun 2026

PMID42345155 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.31557/apjcp.2026.27.6.2089 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-42345155
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study13

9 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In cultured human CD8+ T-cells, thymosin alpha‑1 alone moderately increased proliferation.

    In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin alpha‑1 alone moderately increased CD8+ T-cell growth.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    IncreaseCD8+ T-cell proliferation with Tα1 alone
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    Human CD8+ T-cells in culture
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Tα1 alone moderately increased proliferation and activation of CD8⁺ T-cells
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Human CD8⁺ T-cells were cultured and treated under four conditions: untreated (negative control), CD3/CD28 stimulation (positive control), Tα1 treatment, and combined CD3/CD28 + Tα1 stimulation.
  2. 02LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In cultured human CD8+ T-cells, thymosin alpha‑1 alone moderately increased activation.

    In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin alpha‑1 alone moderately increased CD8+ T-cell activation.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    IncreaseCD8+ T-cell activation with Tα1 alone
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    Human CD8+ T-cells in culture
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Tα1 alone moderately increased proliferation and activation of CD8⁺ T-cells
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Human CD8⁺ T-cells were cultured and treated under four conditions: untreated (negative control), CD3/CD28 stimulation (positive control), Tα1 treatment, and combined CD3/CD28 + Tα1 stimulation.
  3. 03LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In cultured human CD8+ T-cells, thymosin alpha‑1 with CD3/CD28 raised the proliferation index above either treatment alone.

    In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin alpha‑1 with CD3/CD28 stimulation made CD8+ T-cells grow more than either treatment alone.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    IncreaseProliferation index with Tα1 plus CD3/CD28
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    Human CD8+ T-cells in culture
    Comparator
    Individual treatments (Tα1 alone, CD3/CD28 alone)
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Tα1 alone moderately increased proliferation and activation of CD8⁺ T-cells, while the combination of Tα1 and CD3/CD28 significantly enhanced the proliferation index and surface expression of CD69, CD25, and HLA-DR compared with individual treatments.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Human CD8⁺ T-cells were cultured and treated under four conditions: untreated (negative control), CD3/CD28 stimulation (positive control), Tα1 treatment, and combined CD3/CD28 + Tα1 stimulation.
  4. 04LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In cultured human CD8+ T-cells, thymosin alpha‑1 with CD3/CD28 raised CD69 surface expression above either treatment alone.

    In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin alpha‑1 with CD3/CD28 stimulation raised CD69 on CD8+ T-cells more than either treatment alone.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    IncreaseCD69 expression with Tα1 plus CD3/CD28
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    Human CD8+ T-cells in culture
    Comparator
    Individual treatments (Tα1 alone, CD3/CD28 alone)
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Tα1 alone moderately increased proliferation and activation of CD8⁺ T-cells, while the combination of Tα1 and CD3/CD28 significantly enhanced the proliferation index and surface expression of CD69, CD25, and HLA-DR compared with individual treatments.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Human CD8⁺ T-cells were cultured and treated under four conditions: untreated (negative control), CD3/CD28 stimulation (positive control), Tα1 treatment, and combined CD3/CD28 + Tα1 stimulation.
  5. 05LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In cultured human CD8+ T-cells, thymosin alpha‑1 with CD3/CD28 raised CD25 surface expression above either treatment alone.

    In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin alpha‑1 with CD3/CD28 stimulation raised CD25 on CD8+ T-cells more than either treatment alone.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    IncreaseCD25 expression with Tα1 plus CD3/CD28
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    Human CD8+ T-cells in culture
    Comparator
    Individual treatments (Tα1 alone, CD3/CD28 alone)
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Tα1 alone moderately increased proliferation and activation of CD8⁺ T-cells, while the combination of Tα1 and CD3/CD28 significantly enhanced the proliferation index and surface expression of CD69, CD25, and HLA-DR compared with individual treatments.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Human CD8⁺ T-cells were cultured and treated under four conditions: untreated (negative control), CD3/CD28 stimulation (positive control), Tα1 treatment, and combined CD3/CD28 + Tα1 stimulation.
  6. 06LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In cultured human CD8+ T-cells, thymosin alpha‑1 with CD3/CD28 raised HLA-DR surface expression above either treatment alone.

    In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin alpha‑1 with CD3/CD28 stimulation raised HLA-DR on CD8+ T-cells more than either treatment alone.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    IncreaseHLA-DR expression with Tα1 plus CD3/CD28
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    Human CD8+ T-cells in culture
    Comparator
    Individual treatments (Tα1 alone, CD3/CD28 alone)
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Tα1 alone moderately increased proliferation and activation of CD8⁺ T-cells, while the combination of Tα1 and CD3/CD28 significantly enhanced the proliferation index and surface expression of CD69, CD25, and HLA-DR compared with individual treatments.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Human CD8⁺ T-cells were cultured and treated under four conditions: untreated (negative control), CD3/CD28 stimulation (positive control), Tα1 treatment, and combined CD3/CD28 + Tα1 stimulation.
  7. 07LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In an exhaustion model of cultured human CD8+ T-cells, thymosin alpha‑1 treatment significantly reduced PD-1 overexpression.

    In plain wordsIn cells made exhausted by repeated stimulation, thymosin alpha‑1 lowered PD-1 on CD8+ T-cells.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    DecreasePD-1 expression in exhaustion model
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    Human CD8+ T-cells in culture
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In the exhaustion model, CD8⁺ T-cells exhibited overexpression of PD-1, TIM-3, and LAG-3, which was significantly reduced upon Tα1 treatment, suggesting a partial reversal of the exhausted phenotype.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    T-cell exhaustion was induced by repeated CD3/CD28 stimulation before Tα1 treatment.
    Summary · context
    Human CD8⁺ T-cells were cultured and treated under four conditions: untreated (negative control), CD3/CD28 stimulation (positive control), Tα1 treatment, and combined CD3/CD28 + Tα1 stimulation.
  8. 08LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In an exhaustion model of cultured human CD8+ T-cells, thymosin alpha‑1 treatment significantly reduced TIM-3 overexpression.

    In plain wordsIn cells made exhausted by repeated stimulation, thymosin alpha‑1 lowered TIM-3 on CD8+ T-cells.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    DecreaseTIM-3 expression in exhaustion model
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    Human CD8+ T-cells in culture
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In the exhaustion model, CD8⁺ T-cells exhibited overexpression of PD-1, TIM-3, and LAG-3, which was significantly reduced upon Tα1 treatment, suggesting a partial reversal of the exhausted phenotype.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    T-cell exhaustion was induced by repeated CD3/CD28 stimulation before Tα1 treatment.
    Summary · context
    Human CD8⁺ T-cells were cultured and treated under four conditions: untreated (negative control), CD3/CD28 stimulation (positive control), Tα1 treatment, and combined CD3/CD28 + Tα1 stimulation.
  9. 09LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In an exhaustion model of cultured human CD8+ T-cells, thymosin alpha‑1 treatment significantly reduced LAG-3 overexpression.

    In plain wordsIn cells made exhausted by repeated stimulation, thymosin alpha‑1 lowered LAG-3 on CD8+ T-cells.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    DecreaseLAG-3 expression in exhaustion model
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    Human CD8+ T-cells in culture
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In the exhaustion model, CD8⁺ T-cells exhibited overexpression of PD-1, TIM-3, and LAG-3, which was significantly reduced upon Tα1 treatment, suggesting a partial reversal of the exhausted phenotype.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    T-cell exhaustion was induced by repeated CD3/CD28 stimulation before Tα1 treatment.
    Summary · context
    Human CD8⁺ T-cells were cultured and treated under four conditions: untreated (negative control), CD3/CD28 stimulation (positive control), Tα1 treatment, and combined CD3/CD28 + Tα1 stimulation.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone4

In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  1. 10LabNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In cultured human CD8+ T-cells, IL-2 secretion was elevated in the thymosin alpha‑1 plus CD3/CD28 group.

    In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin alpha‑1 with CD3/CD28 stimulation raised IL-2 release from CD8+ T-cells.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    IncreaseIL-2 secretion in combination group
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    Human CD8+ T-cells in culture
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Cytokine secretion of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 was elevated in the combination group, indicating enhanced effector function.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Human CD8⁺ T-cells were cultured and treated under four conditions: untreated (negative control), CD3/CD28 stimulation (positive control), Tα1 treatment, and combined CD3/CD28 + Tα1 stimulation.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  2. 11LabNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In cultured human CD8+ T-cells, IFN-γ secretion was elevated in the thymosin alpha‑1 plus CD3/CD28 group.

    In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin alpha‑1 with CD3/CD28 stimulation raised IFN-γ release from CD8+ T-cells.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    IncreaseIFN-γ secretion in combination group
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    Human CD8+ T-cells in culture
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Cytokine secretion of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 was elevated in the combination group, indicating enhanced effector function.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Human CD8⁺ T-cells were cultured and treated under four conditions: untreated (negative control), CD3/CD28 stimulation (positive control), Tα1 treatment, and combined CD3/CD28 + Tα1 stimulation.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  3. 12LabNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In cultured human CD8+ T-cells, TNF-α secretion was elevated in the thymosin alpha‑1 plus CD3/CD28 group.

    In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin alpha‑1 with CD3/CD28 stimulation raised TNF-α release from CD8+ T-cells.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    IncreaseTNF-α secretion in combination group
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    Human CD8+ T-cells in culture
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Cytokine secretion of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 was elevated in the combination group, indicating enhanced effector function.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Human CD8⁺ T-cells were cultured and treated under four conditions: untreated (negative control), CD3/CD28 stimulation (positive control), Tα1 treatment, and combined CD3/CD28 + Tα1 stimulation.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  4. 13LabNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In cultured human CD8+ T-cells, IL-10 secretion was elevated in the thymosin alpha‑1 plus CD3/CD28 group.

    In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin alpha‑1 with CD3/CD28 stimulation raised IL-10 release from CD8+ T-cells.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    IncreaseIL-10 secretion in combination group
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    Human CD8+ T-cells in culture
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Cytokine secretion of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 was elevated in the combination group, indicating enhanced effector function.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Human CD8⁺ T-cells were cultured and treated under four conditions: untreated (negative control), CD3/CD28 stimulation (positive control), Tα1 treatment, and combined CD3/CD28 + Tα1 stimulation.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 3Current

    10 Oct 2026, 08:19 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 2

    9 Oct 2026, 03:03 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:02 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

Publication types

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