Hierarchical regulation and mechanism of "open-hollow-fibrous network" structures: Osteogenic-angiogenic coupling responses of poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) microspheres.

Su J, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Ren T, Zhang K, Chen D, Yin J

Biomaterials advances15 Jun 2026Cited by 1 (Europe PMC)

PMID42320090DOI10.1016/j.bioadv.2026.215017PepBankPUB-42320090

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study6

4 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

01LabIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
In bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, GHK‑Cu-grafted PBLG microspheres enhanced mineralization compared with non-functionalized microspheres.
In plain wordsIn cells, microspheres grafted with GHK‑Cu increased bone-like mineral formation more than plain microspheres.
Peptide
GHK-Cu
Outcome
IncreaseBMSC mineralization
Study
n: not reported in source
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Comparator
Non-functionalized PBLG HNMs
Outcome group
Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Compared with non-functionalized PBLG HNMs, PBLG-GCu HNMs enhanced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) mineralization
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To further impart biofunctionality, the copper peptide (GHK-Cu) was covalently grafted onto the microspheres to obtain osteoinductive and pro-angiogenic PBLG-GCu HNMs.
Report a problemFND-4232009001
02LabIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
In bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, GHK‑Cu-grafted PBLG microspheres raised Runx2 expression 1.61-fold versus non-functionalized microspheres.
In plain wordsIn cells, microspheres grafted with GHK‑Cu raised the bone-gene Runx2 more than plain microspheres.
Peptide
GHK-Cu
Outcome
IncreaseRunx2 expression
Study
n: not reported in source
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Comparator
Non-functionalized PBLG HNMs
Outcome group
Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Runx2 expression fold change
1.61 fold
PBLG-GCu HNMs vs PBLG HNMs
Source sentences
Summary
Compared with non-functionalized PBLG HNMs, PBLG-GCu HNMs enhanced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) mineralization and upregulated osteogenic gene expression, with Runx2, OPN, and OCN expression increased by 1.61-, 3.53-, and 2.29-fold, respectively.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To further impart biofunctionality, the copper peptide (GHK-Cu) was covalently grafted onto the microspheres to obtain osteoinductive and pro-angiogenic PBLG-GCu HNMs.
Report a problemFND-4232009002
03LabIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
In bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, GHK‑Cu-grafted PBLG microspheres raised OPN expression 3.53-fold versus non-functionalized microspheres.
In plain wordsIn cells, microspheres grafted with GHK‑Cu raised the bone-gene OPN more than plain microspheres.
Peptide
GHK-Cu
Outcome
IncreaseOPN expression
Study
n: not reported in source
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Comparator
Non-functionalized PBLG HNMs
Outcome group
Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
OPN expression fold change
3.53 fold
PBLG-GCu HNMs vs PBLG HNMs
Source sentences
Summary
Compared with non-functionalized PBLG HNMs, PBLG-GCu HNMs enhanced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) mineralization and upregulated osteogenic gene expression, with Runx2, OPN, and OCN expression increased by 1.61-, 3.53-, and 2.29-fold, respectively.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To further impart biofunctionality, the copper peptide (GHK-Cu) was covalently grafted onto the microspheres to obtain osteoinductive and pro-angiogenic PBLG-GCu HNMs.
Report a problemFND-4232009003
04LabIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
In bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, GHK‑Cu-grafted PBLG microspheres raised OCN expression 2.29-fold versus non-functionalized microspheres.
In plain wordsIn cells, microspheres grafted with GHK‑Cu raised the bone-gene OCN more than plain microspheres.
Peptide
GHK-Cu
Outcome
IncreaseOCN expression
Study
n: not reported in source
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Comparator
Non-functionalized PBLG HNMs
Outcome group
Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
OCN expression fold change
2.29 fold
PBLG-GCu HNMs vs PBLG HNMs
Source sentences
Summary
Compared with non-functionalized PBLG HNMs, PBLG-GCu HNMs enhanced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) mineralization and upregulated osteogenic gene expression, with Runx2, OPN, and OCN expression increased by 1.61-, 3.53-, and 2.29-fold, respectively.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To further impart biofunctionality, the copper peptide (GHK-Cu) was covalently grafted onto the microspheres to obtain osteoinductive and pro-angiogenic PBLG-GCu HNMs.
Report a problemFND-4232009004

Studies that did not test the peptide alone2

In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.

05LabNot a test of GHK-Cu aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
In a tube formation assay, GHK‑Cu-grafted PBLG microspheres showed robust angiogenic stimulation.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, microspheres grafted with GHK‑Cu strongly stimulated the formation of blood-vessel-like tubes.
Peptide
GHK-Cu
Outcome
IncreaseAngiogenic stimulation in tube formation assay
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Wound healing · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
In addition, the tube formation assay verified robust angiogenic stimulation.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To further impart biofunctionality, the copper peptide (GHK-Cu) was covalently grafted onto the microspheres to obtain osteoinductive and pro-angiogenic PBLG-GCu HNMs.
In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.
Report a problemFND-4232009005
06LabNot a test of GHK-Cu aloneIn vitro (cells)Safety outcome
Live/Dead staining and CCK-8 assays confirmed the cytocompatibility of GHK‑Cu-grafted PBLG microspheres.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, microspheres grafted with GHK‑Cu were not harmful to cells.
Peptide
GHK-Cu
Outcome
No significant changeCytocompatibility
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
Live/Dead staining and CCK-8 assays confirmed the cytocompatibility of the PBLG-GCu HNMs.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To further impart biofunctionality, the copper peptide (GHK-Cu) was covalently grafted onto the microspheres to obtain osteoinductive and pro-angiogenic PBLG-GCu HNMs.
In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.
Report a problemFND-4232009006

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 3Current
10 Oct 2026, 08:19 UTC
Study results updated
Version 2
9 Oct 2026, 03:03 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 02:56 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

Publication types

Journal Article

MeSH terms

Keywords

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