Preliminary results from a phase II trial of spatially fractionated radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy and anti-angiogenic therapy in patients with bulky solid tumors: early evidence of promising efficacy and favorable safety.

Zhou Y, Li Y, Zhu H, Yang S, Yang C, Jiang S, Shen S, Zhao L, Luo J, Yuan Z, Liu N

Radiation oncology (London, England)30 Apr 2026Cited by 1 (Europe PMC)

PMID42063096PMCIDPMC13191932DOI10.1186/s13014-026-02841-wPepBankPUB-42063096

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC-ND. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study6

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone6

In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

01HumanNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneNon-randomized trialSafety outcome
Among 34 patients with bulky solid tumors, 4 did not complete the planned multimodal therapy that included thymalfasin and 1 was lost to follow-up.
In plain wordsAmong 34 people with bulky solid tumors, 4 did not finish the planned multi-part treatment that included thymalfasin.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
Not applicableIncomplete planned therapy
Study
n = 34
Outcome group
Adverse events · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
Among the 37 treatment courses in 34 patients, 4 patients did not complete the planned therapy, and 1 was lost to follow-up.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This prospective phase II trial enrolled 34 patients with bulky solid tumors between October 2024 and July 2025.
Summary · context
Multimodal therapy, incorporating pre-radiotherapy administration of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and thymalfasin, as well as concurrent ICIs and anti-angiogenic agents during SFRT, was administered according to clinical recommendations and patient preferences.
In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.
Report a problemFND-4206309606
02HumanNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In 22 evaluable patients with bulky solid tumors, the multimodal regimen that included thymalfasin was followed by abscopal effects in 5 patients (22.73%).
In plain wordsIn people with bulky solid tumors, 22.73% had effects outside the treated area after a multi-part regimen that included thymalfasin.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
Not applicableAbscopal effects
Study
n = 22
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Measurements
Abscopal effect rate
22.73%
evaluable patients
Source sentences
Summary
Of the 22 evaluable patients, 5 (22.73%) exhibited abscopal effects.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This prospective phase II trial enrolled 34 patients with bulky solid tumors between October 2024 and July 2025.
Summary · context
Multimodal therapy, incorporating pre-radiotherapy administration of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and thymalfasin, as well as concurrent ICIs and anti-angiogenic agents during SFRT, was administered according to clinical recommendations and patient preferences.
In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.
Report a problemFND-4206309602
03HumanNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In patients with bulky solid tumors, spatially fractionated radiotherapy with GM-CSF, thymalfasin, immune checkpoint inhibitors and anti-angiogenic agents gave an objective response rate of 65.63% (21/32 evaluable lesions).
In plain wordsIn people with bulky solid tumors, 65.63% of evaluable lesions responded to a multi-part treatment regimen that included thymalfasin.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
Not applicableObjective response rate
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Measurements
ORR
65.63%
evaluable lesions
Source sentences
Summary
Of the 32 evaluable lesions from patients who completed the study, the ORR was 65.63% (21/32).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This prospective phase II trial enrolled 34 patients with bulky solid tumors between October 2024 and July 2025.
Summary · context
Multimodal therapy, incorporating pre-radiotherapy administration of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and thymalfasin, as well as concurrent ICIs and anti-angiogenic agents during SFRT, was administered according to clinical recommendations and patient preferences.
In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.
Report a problemFND-4206309601
04HumanNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneNon-randomized trialSafety outcome
In patients with bulky solid tumors, anemia occurred in 18.92% during the multimodal regimen that included thymalfasin.
In plain wordsIn people with bulky solid tumors, 18.92% had anemia during a multi-part regimen that included thymalfasin.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
Not applicableAnemia
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Whole body
Measurements
Anemia
18.92%
patients
Source sentences
Summary
Common adverse events included anemia (18.92%), followed by skin/mucositis and pneumonia, each occurring in 10.81% of patients.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This prospective phase II trial enrolled 34 patients with bulky solid tumors between October 2024 and July 2025.
Summary · context
Multimodal therapy, incorporating pre-radiotherapy administration of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and thymalfasin, as well as concurrent ICIs and anti-angiogenic agents during SFRT, was administered according to clinical recommendations and patient preferences.
In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.
Report a problemFND-4206309603
05HumanNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneNon-randomized trialSafety outcome
In patients with bulky solid tumors, skin or mucositis events occurred in 10.81% during the multimodal regimen that included thymalfasin.
In plain wordsIn people with bulky solid tumors, 10.81% had skin or mouth-lining problems during a multi-part regimen that included thymalfasin.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
Not applicableSkin/mucositis adverse events
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Skin and wound
Measurements
Skin/mucositis
10.81%
patients
Source sentences
Summary
Common adverse events included anemia (18.92%), followed by skin/mucositis and pneumonia, each occurring in 10.81% of patients.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This prospective phase II trial enrolled 34 patients with bulky solid tumors between October 2024 and July 2025.
Summary · context
Multimodal therapy, incorporating pre-radiotherapy administration of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and thymalfasin, as well as concurrent ICIs and anti-angiogenic agents during SFRT, was administered according to clinical recommendations and patient preferences.
In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.
Report a problemFND-4206309604
06HumanNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneNon-randomized trialSafety outcome
In patients with bulky solid tumors, pneumonia occurred in 10.81% during the multimodal regimen that included thymalfasin.
In plain wordsIn people with bulky solid tumors, 10.81% had pneumonia during a multi-part regimen that included thymalfasin.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
Not applicablePneumonia
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Respiratory
Measurements
Pneumonia
10.81%
patients
Source sentences
Summary
Common adverse events included anemia (18.92%), followed by skin/mucositis and pneumonia, each occurring in 10.81% of patients.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This prospective phase II trial enrolled 34 patients with bulky solid tumors between October 2024 and July 2025.
Summary · context
Multimodal therapy, incorporating pre-radiotherapy administration of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and thymalfasin, as well as concurrent ICIs and anti-angiogenic agents during SFRT, was administered according to clinical recommendations and patient preferences.
In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.
Report a problemFND-4206309605

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 3Current
10 Oct 2026, 08:19 UTC
Study results updated
Version 2
9 Oct 2026, 03:03 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:02 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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Terms as the source lists them.

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