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Study · Not a test of the peptide alone · 2026

10 results

IL-15 Plus Thymosin α1 Reduces Senescent Hepatic CD8+ T Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma via PI3K/AKT Suppression.

Wu F, Guo Z, Guan J, Xu J, Chen Y, Chen Z

Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology26 Mar 2026Cited by 5 (Europe PMC)

PMID41883056 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC13158636 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1111/jgh.70359 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-41883056
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study10

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone10

In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  1. 01AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In aged mice with orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma, combined IL-15 and thymosin alpha‑1 therapy significantly suppressed tumor growth.

    In plain wordsIn aged mice with liver cancer, IL-15 plus thymosin alpha‑1 together slowed tumor growth.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    DecreaseTumor growth
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Orthotopic HCC model in aged C57BL/6 mice (22-26 months)
    Outcome group
    Tumor growth · Cancer

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The combination therapy significantly suppressed tumor growth and prolonged survival.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    An orthotopic HCC model was established in aged C57BL/6 mice (22-26 months), randomly assigned to receive saline, IL-15, Tα1, or combined therapy.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  2. 02AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In aged mice with orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma, combined IL-15 and thymosin alpha‑1 therapy prolonged survival.

    In plain wordsIn aged mice with liver cancer, IL-15 plus thymosin alpha‑1 together extended survival.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    IncreaseSurvival
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Orthotopic HCC model in aged C57BL/6 mice (22-26 months)
    Outcome group
    Mortality · Cancer

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The combination therapy significantly suppressed tumor growth and prolonged survival.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    An orthotopic HCC model was established in aged C57BL/6 mice (22-26 months), randomly assigned to receive saline, IL-15, Tα1, or combined therapy.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  3. 03AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In aged mice with hepatocellular carcinoma, combined IL-15 and thymosin alpha‑1 therapy reduced the proportion of senescent CD8+ T cells.

    In plain wordsIn aged mice with liver cancer, IL-15 plus thymosin alpha‑1 together lowered the share of aged CD8+ T cells.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    DecreaseSenescent CD8+ T cell proportion
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Orthotopic HCC model in aged C57BL/6 mice (22-26 months)
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    It reduced the proportion of senescent CD8+ T cells
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    An orthotopic HCC model was established in aged C57BL/6 mice (22-26 months), randomly assigned to receive saline, IL-15, Tα1, or combined therapy.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  4. 04AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In aged mice with hepatocellular carcinoma, combined IL-15 and thymosin alpha‑1 therapy expanded activated effector CD8+ T cell populations.

    In plain wordsIn aged mice with liver cancer, IL-15 plus thymosin alpha‑1 together increased active effector T cells.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    IncreaseActivated effector CD8+ T cells
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Orthotopic HCC model in aged C57BL/6 mice (22-26 months)
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    while expanding activated effector populations, enhanced proliferative capacity, and upregulated cytotoxic mediators including granzyme B, perforin, and interferon-gamma.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    An orthotopic HCC model was established in aged C57BL/6 mice (22-26 months), randomly assigned to receive saline, IL-15, Tα1, or combined therapy.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  5. 05AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In aged mice with hepatocellular carcinoma, combined IL-15 and thymosin alpha‑1 therapy enhanced the proliferative capacity of CD8+ T cells.

    In plain wordsIn aged mice with liver cancer, IL-15 plus thymosin alpha‑1 together improved the ability of T cells to multiply.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    IncreaseCD8+ T cell proliferative capacity
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Orthotopic HCC model in aged C57BL/6 mice (22-26 months)
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    enhanced proliferative capacity, and upregulated cytotoxic mediators including granzyme B, perforin, and interferon-gamma.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    An orthotopic HCC model was established in aged C57BL/6 mice (22-26 months), randomly assigned to receive saline, IL-15, Tα1, or combined therapy.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  6. 06AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In aged mice with hepatocellular carcinoma, combined IL-15 and thymosin alpha‑1 therapy upregulated granzyme B.

    In plain wordsIn aged mice with liver cancer, IL-15 plus thymosin alpha‑1 together raised granzyme B.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    IncreaseGranzyme B
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Orthotopic HCC model in aged C57BL/6 mice (22-26 months)
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    upregulated cytotoxic mediators including granzyme B, perforin, and interferon-gamma.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    An orthotopic HCC model was established in aged C57BL/6 mice (22-26 months), randomly assigned to receive saline, IL-15, Tα1, or combined therapy.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  7. 07AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In aged mice with hepatocellular carcinoma, combined IL-15 and thymosin alpha‑1 therapy upregulated perforin.

    In plain wordsIn aged mice with liver cancer, IL-15 plus thymosin alpha‑1 together raised perforin.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    IncreasePerforin
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Orthotopic HCC model in aged C57BL/6 mice (22-26 months)
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    upregulated cytotoxic mediators including granzyme B, perforin, and interferon-gamma.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    An orthotopic HCC model was established in aged C57BL/6 mice (22-26 months), randomly assigned to receive saline, IL-15, Tα1, or combined therapy.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  8. 08AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In aged mice with hepatocellular carcinoma, combined IL-15 and thymosin alpha‑1 therapy upregulated interferon-gamma.

    In plain wordsIn aged mice with liver cancer, IL-15 plus thymosin alpha‑1 together raised interferon-gamma.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    IncreaseInterferon-gamma
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Orthotopic HCC model in aged C57BL/6 mice (22-26 months)
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    upregulated cytotoxic mediators including granzyme B, perforin, and interferon-gamma.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    An orthotopic HCC model was established in aged C57BL/6 mice (22-26 months), randomly assigned to receive saline, IL-15, Tα1, or combined therapy.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  9. 09AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In aged mice with hepatocellular carcinoma, combined IL-15 and thymosin alpha‑1 therapy attenuated overactivated PI3K/AKT signaling in hepatic CD8+ T cells.

    In plain wordsIn aged mice with liver cancer, IL-15 plus thymosin alpha‑1 together reduced over-active PI3K/AKT signaling in T cells.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    DecreasePI3K/AKT signaling in hepatic CD8+ T cells
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Orthotopic HCC model in aged C57BL/6 mice (22-26 months)
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Transcriptomic and protein-level analyses revealed that the combination attenuated chronically overactivated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling in hepatic CD8+ T cells.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    An orthotopic HCC model was established in aged C57BL/6 mice (22-26 months), randomly assigned to receive saline, IL-15, Tα1, or combined therapy.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  10. 10LabNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In human CD8+ T cells co-cultured with Huh7 hepatoma cells, the AKT agonist SC79 abrogated the therapeutic effects of the IL-15 plus thymosin alpha‑1 combination.

    In plain wordsIn cells, a drug that turns on AKT removed the benefits of IL-15 plus thymosin alpha‑1 together.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    Not applicableEffect of AKT agonist SC79 on therapeutic effects
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    Primary human CD8+ T cells co-cultured with Huh7 hepatoma cells
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    A protein kinase B agonist, SC79, abrogated these therapeutic effects in vitro, confirming pathway suppression as the key mechanism.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 3Current

    10 Oct 2026, 08:19 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 2

    9 Oct 2026, 03:03 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:02 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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