Oncolytic peptide LTX-315 targets PD-L1 to improve antitumor immune response of nanosecond pulse electric field in liver cancer.

Ji K, Jing L, Xu T, Cao S, Zhang C, Wang Z, Zhou G, Cao Y, Niu J, Yang Y, Chen X, Ai J, Sun JH, Xiong B

Journal for immunotherapy of cancer28 Jan 2026Cited by 2 (Europe PMC)

PMID41611246PMCIDPMC12853467DOI10.1136/jitc-2025-012438PepBankPUB-41611246

Read at source PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study12

4 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

01LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In liver cancer cells, LTX‑315 reduced nsPEF-elevated PD-L1 levels.
In plain wordsIn cells, adding LTX‑315 reduced PD-L1 levels elevated by nsPEF treatment.
Peptide
LTX-315
Outcome
DecreasePD-L1 level
Study
n: not reported in source
liver cancer cell assays
Comparator
nsPEF treatment
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Cancer
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
LTX-315 reduced the nsPEF-mediated elevated PD-L1 level and restored the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Both cell assays and mouse models were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of nsPEF, LTX-315, and combination therapy.
Report a problemFND-4161124601
02LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In cell assays, LTX‑315 restored CD8+ T-cell cytotoxicity impaired after nsPEF treatment.
In plain wordsIn cells, adding LTX‑315 restored T-cell killing activity impaired after nsPEF treatment.
Peptide
LTX-315
Outcome
IncreaseCD8+ T-cell cytotoxicity
Study
n: not reported in source
immune cell co-culture models
Comparator
nsPEF treatment
Outcome group
Immune response · Cancer
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
LTX-315 reduced the nsPEF-mediated elevated PD-L1 level and restored the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Co-culture models were established to evaluate the functional modulation of immune cells.
Summary · context
Both cell assays and mouse models were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of nsPEF, LTX-315, and combination therapy.
Report a problemFND-4161124602
03LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In nsPEF-treated liver cancer cells, LTX‑315 improved antigen processing.
In plain wordsIn cells treated with nsPEF, adding LTX‑315 improved antigen processing.
Peptide
LTX-315
Outcome
IncreaseAntigen processing
Study
n: not reported in source
liver cancer cell assays
Comparator
nsPEF treatment
Outcome group
Immune response · Cancer
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
In addition, LTX-315 improved antigen processing and presentation in nsPEF-treated liver cancer cells.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Both cell assays and mouse models were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of nsPEF, LTX-315, and combination therapy.
Report a problemFND-4161124606
04LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In nsPEF-treated liver cancer cells, LTX‑315 improved antigen presentation.
In plain wordsIn cells treated with nsPEF, adding LTX‑315 improved antigen presentation.
Peptide
LTX-315
Outcome
IncreaseAntigen presentation
Study
n: not reported in source
liver cancer cell assays
Comparator
nsPEF treatment
Outcome group
Immune response · Cancer
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
In addition, LTX-315 improved antigen processing and presentation in nsPEF-treated liver cancer cells.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Both cell assays and mouse models were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of nsPEF, LTX-315, and combination therapy.
Report a problemFND-4161124607

Studies that did not test the peptide alone8

In this study, LTX-315 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking LTX-315.

05AnimalNot a test of LTX-315 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In tumor-bearing mice, nsPEF plus LTX‑315 achieved durable tumor control.
In plain wordsIn mice with tumors, nsPEF plus LTX‑315 achieved lasting tumor control.
Peptide
LTX-315
Outcome
Not applicableTumor control
Study
mousen: not reported in source
liver tumor-bearing mice
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Notably, the combination of nsPEF and LTX-315 achieved durable tumor control and prolonged survival of the tumor-bearing mice,
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Both cell assays and mouse models were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of nsPEF, LTX-315, and combination therapy.
In this study, LTX-315 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking LTX-315.
Report a problemFND-4161124608
06AnimalNot a test of LTX-315 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In tumor-bearing mice, nsPEF plus LTX‑315 prolonged survival.
In plain wordsIn mice with tumors, nsPEF plus LTX‑315 prolonged survival.
Peptide
LTX-315
Outcome
IncreaseSurvival
Study
mousen: not reported in source
liver tumor-bearing mice
Outcome group
Mortality · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Notably, the combination of nsPEF and LTX-315 achieved durable tumor control and prolonged survival of the tumor-bearing mice,
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Both cell assays and mouse models were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of nsPEF, LTX-315, and combination therapy.
In this study, LTX-315 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking LTX-315.
Report a problemFND-4161124609
07AnimalNot a test of LTX-315 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In tumor-bearing mice, nsPEF plus LTX‑315 promoted dendritic cell migration to tumor-draining lymph nodes.
In plain wordsIn mice with tumors, the combination promoted dendritic cell migration to lymph nodes that drain tumors.
Peptide
LTX-315
Outcome
IncreaseDendritic cell migration
Study
mousen: not reported in source
liver tumor-bearing mice
Outcome group
Immune response · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
by promoting the migration of dendritic cells to tumor-draining lymph nodes, the infiltration of immune cells within the tumor and potential immune memory to prevent tumor metastasis.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Both cell assays and mouse models were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of nsPEF, LTX-315, and combination therapy.
In this study, LTX-315 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking LTX-315.
Report a problemFND-4161124610
08AnimalNot a test of LTX-315 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In tumor-bearing mice, nsPEF plus LTX‑315 promoted immune cell infiltration within tumors.
In plain wordsIn mice with tumors, the combination promoted immune cell entry into tumors.
Peptide
LTX-315
Outcome
IncreaseTumor immune cell infiltration
Study
mousen: not reported in source
liver tumor-bearing mice
Outcome group
Immune response · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
by promoting the migration of dendritic cells to tumor-draining lymph nodes, the infiltration of immune cells within the tumor and potential immune memory to prevent tumor metastasis.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Both cell assays and mouse models were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of nsPEF, LTX-315, and combination therapy.
In this study, LTX-315 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking LTX-315.
Report a problemFND-4161124611
09AnimalNot a test of LTX-315 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In tumor-bearing mice, nsPEF plus LTX‑315 supported potential immune memory to prevent tumor metastasis.
In plain wordsIn mice with tumors, the combination supported potential immune memory against tumor spread.
Peptide
LTX-315
Outcome
Not applicablePotential immune memory
Study
mousen: not reported in source
liver tumor-bearing mice
Outcome group
Immune response · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
and potential immune memory to prevent tumor metastasis.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Both cell assays and mouse models were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of nsPEF, LTX-315, and combination therapy.
In this study, LTX-315 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking LTX-315.
Report a problemFND-4161124612
10LabNot a test of LTX-315 aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In cell assays, LTX‑315 with nsPEF enhanced immunogenic cell death.
In plain wordsIn cells, LTX‑315 with nsPEF enhanced cell death that stimulates immunity.
Peptide
LTX-315
Outcome
IncreaseImmunogenic cell death
Study
n: not reported in source
liver cancer cell assays
Outcome group
Immune response · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Furthermore, LTX-315 acted with nsPEF to induce enhanced immunogenic cell death for the activation of dendritic cells and CD8+ T cells.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Both cell assays and mouse models were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of nsPEF, LTX-315, and combination therapy.
In this study, LTX-315 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking LTX-315.
Report a problemFND-4161124603
11LabNot a test of LTX-315 aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In cell assays, LTX‑315 with nsPEF promoted dendritic cell activation through enhanced immunogenic cell death.
In plain wordsIn cells, LTX‑315 with nsPEF promoted dendritic cell activation.
Peptide
LTX-315
Outcome
IncreaseDendritic cell activation
Study
n: not reported in source
liver cancer cell assays
Outcome group
Immune response · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Furthermore, LTX-315 acted with nsPEF to induce enhanced immunogenic cell death for the activation of dendritic cells and CD8+ T cells.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Both cell assays and mouse models were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of nsPEF, LTX-315, and combination therapy.
In this study, LTX-315 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking LTX-315.
Report a problemFND-4161124604
12LabNot a test of LTX-315 aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In cell assays, LTX‑315 with nsPEF promoted CD8+ T-cell activation through enhanced immunogenic cell death.
In plain wordsIn cells, LTX‑315 with nsPEF promoted T-cell activation.
Peptide
LTX-315
Outcome
IncreaseCD8+ T-cell activation
Study
n: not reported in source
liver cancer cell assays
Outcome group
Immune response · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Furthermore, LTX-315 acted with nsPEF to induce enhanced immunogenic cell death for the activation of dendritic cells and CD8+ T cells.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Both cell assays and mouse models were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of nsPEF, LTX-315, and combination therapy.
In this study, LTX-315 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking LTX-315.
Report a problemFND-4161124605

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
27 Oct 2026, 18:20 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
27 Oct 2026, 16:32 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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MeSH terms

Keywords

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