A dual-active biological scaffold with in situ loaded Abaloparatide and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells synergistically regulatory T cell to promote bone regeneration.

Jia M, Chen Z, Zhou H, Jiang H, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wu M

Biomaterials advances2 Jan 2026

PMID41506099DOI10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214700PepBankPUB-41506099

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

Bone defect repair remains a significant challenge faced in clinical practice. Bone tissue engineering has emerged as an effective approach for bone defect repair due to its ample donor source and remarkable repair efficacy. In this study, we combined Abaloparatide (ABL) with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and utilized methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) as a matrix to successfully develop a bio-scaffold with dual activity (ABL@GelMA/BMSCs). BMSCs regulate the bone microenvironment by secreting cytokines, which promote bone repair through a paracrine mechanism. The addition of ABL not only facilitated the osteogenic differentiation and paracrine function of BMSCs but also significantly enhanced the bone induction capability of the scaffold, as evidenced by the marked upregulation of osteogenic markers (ALP, RUNX2, OCN). Furthermore, this bio-scaffold was able to upregulate the Foxp3 gene, inducing Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, thereby modulating the local immune microenvironment to promote bone formation. After implantation of this bio-scaffold into a critical-sized cranial defect model, histological results demonstrated a higher bone mineral density (BMD), and CT reconstruction indicated good healing of the defect. In summary, this bio-scaffold exhibits a powerful capacity for bone defect repair while improving the bone microenvironment through the synergistic modulation of regulatory T cells, providing a new strategy for bone defect repair.

CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study7

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone7

In this study, Abaloparatide (Tymlos) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Abaloparatide (Tymlos).

01AnimalNot a test of Abaloparatide (Tymlos) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In a cranial defect model, implantation of the abaloparatide and BMSC scaffold produced higher bone mineral density.
In plain wordsIn an animal cranial defect model, the abaloparatide and stem cell scaffold produced higher bone mineral density.
Peptide
Abaloparatide (Tymlos)
Outcome
IncreaseBone mineral density
Study
n: not reported in source
Critical-sized cranial defect
Outcome group
Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
After implantation of this bio-scaffold into a critical-sized cranial defect model, histological results demonstrated a higher bone mineral density (BMD), and CT reconstruction indicated good healing of the defect.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In this study, we combined Abaloparatide (ABL) with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and utilized methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) as a matrix to successfully develop a bio-scaffold with dual activity (ABL@GelMA/BMSCs).
In this study, Abaloparatide (Tymlos) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Abaloparatide (Tymlos).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4150609906
02AnimalNot a test of Abaloparatide (Tymlos) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In a cranial defect model, CT reconstruction showed good healing after implantation of the abaloparatide and BMSC scaffold.
In plain wordsIn an animal cranial defect model, scans showed good healing after implantation of the abaloparatide and stem cell scaffold.
Peptide
Abaloparatide (Tymlos)
Outcome
Not applicableCranial defect healing
Study
n: not reported in source
Critical-sized cranial defect
Outcome group
Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
After implantation of this bio-scaffold into a critical-sized cranial defect model, histological results demonstrated a higher bone mineral density (BMD), and CT reconstruction indicated good healing of the defect.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In this study, we combined Abaloparatide (ABL) with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and utilized methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) as a matrix to successfully develop a bio-scaffold with dual activity (ABL@GelMA/BMSCs).
In this study, Abaloparatide (Tymlos) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Abaloparatide (Tymlos).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4150609907
03LabNot a test of Abaloparatide (Tymlos) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In BMSCs, addition of abaloparatide facilitated osteogenic differentiation in a dual-active scaffold.
In plain wordsIn cells, adding abaloparatide to the scaffold promoted development toward bone-forming cells.
Peptide
Abaloparatide (Tymlos)
Outcome
IncreaseBMSC osteogenic differentiation
Study
n: not reported in source
BMSCs in GelMA scaffold
Outcome group
Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
The addition of ABL not only facilitated the osteogenic differentiation and paracrine function of BMSCs but also significantly enhanced the bone induction capability of the scaffold, as evidenced by the marked upregulation of osteogenic markers (ALP, RUNX2, OCN).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In this study, we combined Abaloparatide (ABL) with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and utilized methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) as a matrix to successfully develop a bio-scaffold with dual activity (ABL@GelMA/BMSCs).
In this study, Abaloparatide (Tymlos) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Abaloparatide (Tymlos).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4150609901
04LabNot a test of Abaloparatide (Tymlos) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In BMSCs, addition of abaloparatide facilitated paracrine function in a dual-active scaffold.
In plain wordsIn cells, adding abaloparatide to the scaffold promoted signaling through secreted substances.
Peptide
Abaloparatide (Tymlos)
Outcome
IncreaseBMSC paracrine function
Study
n: not reported in source
BMSCs in GelMA scaffold
Outcome group
Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
The addition of ABL not only facilitated the osteogenic differentiation and paracrine function of BMSCs but also significantly enhanced the bone induction capability of the scaffold, as evidenced by the marked upregulation of osteogenic markers (ALP, RUNX2, OCN).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In this study, we combined Abaloparatide (ABL) with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and utilized methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) as a matrix to successfully develop a bio-scaffold with dual activity (ABL@GelMA/BMSCs).
In this study, Abaloparatide (Tymlos) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Abaloparatide (Tymlos).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4150609902
05LabNot a test of Abaloparatide (Tymlos) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In scaffold experiments, abaloparatide addition enhanced bone induction with upregulation of osteogenic markers ALP, RUNX2, and OCN.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, the scaffold with added abaloparatide increased bone induction and osteogenic markers.
Peptide
Abaloparatide (Tymlos)
Outcome
IncreaseScaffold osteogenic marker expression
Study
n: not reported in source
ABL@GelMA/BMSCs scaffold
Outcome group
Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
The addition of ABL not only facilitated the osteogenic differentiation and paracrine function of BMSCs but also significantly enhanced the bone induction capability of the scaffold, as evidenced by the marked upregulation of osteogenic markers (ALP, RUNX2, OCN).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In this study, we combined Abaloparatide (ABL) with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and utilized methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) as a matrix to successfully develop a bio-scaffold with dual activity (ABL@GelMA/BMSCs).
In this study, Abaloparatide (Tymlos) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Abaloparatide (Tymlos).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4150609903
06LabNot a test of Abaloparatide (Tymlos) aloneOther designMechanism
In scaffold experiments, the abaloparatide and BMSC scaffold increased Foxp3 gene expression.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, the abaloparatide and stem cell scaffold increased Foxp3 gene activity.
Peptide
Abaloparatide (Tymlos)
Outcome
IncreaseFoxp3 expression
Study
n: not reported in source
ABL@GelMA/BMSCs scaffold
Outcome group
Immune response · Immune and inflammation
Source sentences
Summary
Furthermore, this bio-scaffold was able to upregulate the Foxp3 gene, inducing Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, thereby modulating the local immune microenvironment to promote bone formation.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In this study, we combined Abaloparatide (ABL) with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and utilized methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) as a matrix to successfully develop a bio-scaffold with dual activity (ABL@GelMA/BMSCs).
In this study, Abaloparatide (Tymlos) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Abaloparatide (Tymlos).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4150609904
07LabNot a test of Abaloparatide (Tymlos) aloneOther designMechanism
In scaffold experiments, the abaloparatide and BMSC scaffold induced Foxp3-positive regulatory T cells.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, the abaloparatide and stem cell scaffold induced regulatory immune cells.
Peptide
Abaloparatide (Tymlos)
Outcome
IncreaseRegulatory T-cell induction
Study
n: not reported in source
ABL@GelMA/BMSCs scaffold
Outcome group
Immune response · Immune and inflammation
Source sentences
Summary
Furthermore, this bio-scaffold was able to upregulate the Foxp3 gene, inducing Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, thereby modulating the local immune microenvironment to promote bone formation.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In this study, we combined Abaloparatide (ABL) with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and utilized methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) as a matrix to successfully develop a bio-scaffold with dual activity (ABL@GelMA/BMSCs).
In this study, Abaloparatide (Tymlos) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Abaloparatide (Tymlos).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4150609905

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
22 Oct 2026, 02:25 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

Publication types

Journal Article

MeSH terms

Keywords

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