Thymosin α1 Combined With 2HRZE/4HR Regimen as a Potential Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: An Analysis of Immune Function, Pulmonary Function and Inflammatory Response.

Wu G, Sun X

British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005)15 Sept 2025

PMID40994373DOI10.12968/hmed.2025.0235PepBankPUB-40994373

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study14

14 results from studies that gave the peptide. 14 results from people.

01HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In pulmonary tuberculosis, adding Tα1 to 2HRZE/4HR gave a higher total effective rate than 2HRZE/4HR alone.
In plain wordsIn patients with lung tuberculosis, adding thymosin alpha‑1 to standard drugs gave a higher treatment success rate than the standard drugs alone.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
IncreaseTotal effective rate
Study
n = 106
Comparator
2HRZE/4HR alone
Outcome group
Infection and antimicrobial activity · Respiratory
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Results The total effective rate and the rate of foci resorption and cavity closure of the observation group were higher than the control group (p < 0.05).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 106 pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated between October 2022 and June 2024.
Summary · context
The patients were divided into two groups based on their treatment regimens: the control group (n = 47) received the 2HRZE/4HR treatment, while the observation group (n = 59) received thymosin α1 in addition to the 2HRZE/4HR treatment.
Report a problemFND-4099437301
02HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In pulmonary tuberculosis, adding Tα1 to 2HRZE/4HR gave a higher foci resorption rate than 2HRZE/4HR alone.
In plain wordsIn patients with lung tuberculosis, lung lesions cleared more often when thymosin alpha‑1 was added to standard drugs.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
IncreaseFoci resorption rate
Study
n = 106
Comparator
2HRZE/4HR alone
Outcome group
Infection and antimicrobial activity · Respiratory
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Results The total effective rate and the rate of foci resorption and cavity closure of the observation group were higher than the control group (p < 0.05).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 106 pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated between October 2022 and June 2024.
Summary · context
The patients were divided into two groups based on their treatment regimens: the control group (n = 47) received the 2HRZE/4HR treatment, while the observation group (n = 59) received thymosin α1 in addition to the 2HRZE/4HR treatment.
Report a problemFND-4099437302
03HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In pulmonary tuberculosis, adding Tα1 to 2HRZE/4HR gave a higher cavity closure rate than 2HRZE/4HR alone.
In plain wordsIn patients with lung tuberculosis, lung cavities closed more often when thymosin alpha‑1 was added to standard drugs.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
IncreaseCavity closure rate
Study
n = 106
Comparator
2HRZE/4HR alone
Outcome group
Infection and antimicrobial activity · Respiratory
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Results The total effective rate and the rate of foci resorption and cavity closure of the observation group were higher than the control group (p < 0.05).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 106 pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated between October 2022 and June 2024.
Summary · context
The patients were divided into two groups based on their treatment regimens: the control group (n = 47) received the 2HRZE/4HR treatment, while the observation group (n = 59) received thymosin α1 in addition to the 2HRZE/4HR treatment.
Report a problemFND-4099437303
04HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In pulmonary tuberculosis, FEV1 after 6 months was higher with added Tα1 than with 2HRZE/4HR alone.
In plain wordsIn patients with lung tuberculosis, one breathing test (FEV1) was higher with thymosin alpha‑1 added to standard drugs.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
IncreaseFEV1
Study
n = 106
Comparator
2HRZE/4HR alone
Outcome group
Respiratory function · Respiratory
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
After 6 months of treatment, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, and peak expiratory flow (PEF) of the observation group were higher compared to the control group (p < 0.05).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 106 pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated between October 2022 and June 2024.
Summary · context
The patients were divided into two groups based on their treatment regimens: the control group (n = 47) received the 2HRZE/4HR treatment, while the observation group (n = 59) received thymosin α1 in addition to the 2HRZE/4HR treatment.
Report a problemFND-4099437304
05HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In pulmonary tuberculosis, FVC after 6 months was higher with added Tα1 than with 2HRZE/4HR alone.
In plain wordsIn patients with lung tuberculosis, forced vital capacity was higher with thymosin alpha‑1 added to standard drugs.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
IncreaseFVC
Study
n = 106
Comparator
2HRZE/4HR alone
Outcome group
Respiratory function · Respiratory
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
After 6 months of treatment, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, and peak expiratory flow (PEF) of the observation group were higher compared to the control group (p < 0.05).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 106 pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated between October 2022 and June 2024.
Summary · context
The patients were divided into two groups based on their treatment regimens: the control group (n = 47) received the 2HRZE/4HR treatment, while the observation group (n = 59) received thymosin α1 in addition to the 2HRZE/4HR treatment.
Report a problemFND-4099437305
06HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In pulmonary tuberculosis, FEV1/FVC after 6 months was higher with added Tα1 than with 2HRZE/4HR alone.
In plain wordsIn patients with lung tuberculosis, the FEV1/FVC ratio was higher with thymosin alpha‑1 added to standard drugs.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
IncreaseFEV1/FVC
Study
n = 106
Comparator
2HRZE/4HR alone
Outcome group
Respiratory function · Respiratory
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
After 6 months of treatment, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, and peak expiratory flow (PEF) of the observation group were higher compared to the control group (p < 0.05).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 106 pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated between October 2022 and June 2024.
Summary · context
The patients were divided into two groups based on their treatment regimens: the control group (n = 47) received the 2HRZE/4HR treatment, while the observation group (n = 59) received thymosin α1 in addition to the 2HRZE/4HR treatment.
Report a problemFND-4099437306
07HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In pulmonary tuberculosis, peak expiratory flow after 6 months was higher with added Tα1 than with 2HRZE/4HR alone.
In plain wordsIn patients with lung tuberculosis, peak breathing flow was higher with thymosin alpha‑1 added to standard drugs.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
IncreasePeak expiratory flow
Study
n = 106
Comparator
2HRZE/4HR alone
Outcome group
Respiratory function · Respiratory
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
After 6 months of treatment, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, and peak expiratory flow (PEF) of the observation group were higher compared to the control group (p < 0.05).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 106 pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated between October 2022 and June 2024.
Summary · context
The patients were divided into two groups based on their treatment regimens: the control group (n = 47) received the 2HRZE/4HR treatment, while the observation group (n = 59) received thymosin α1 in addition to the 2HRZE/4HR treatment.
Report a problemFND-4099437307
08HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In pulmonary tuberculosis, TIM-1 mRNA expression was lower with added Tα1 than with 2HRZE/4HR alone.
In plain wordsIn patients with lung tuberculosis, the immune marker TIM-1 was lower with thymosin alpha‑1 added to standard drugs.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
DecreaseTIM-1 mRNA expression
Study
n = 106
Comparator
2HRZE/4HR alone
Outcome group
Immune response · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Compared with the control group, the observation group exhibited lower mRNA expression of T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-1 (TIM-1) and TIM-3; reduced levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), sputum supernatant, serum interleukin-4 (IL-4) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α); but higher interf…
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 106 pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated between October 2022 and June 2024.
Summary · context
The patients were divided into two groups based on their treatment regimens: the control group (n = 47) received the 2HRZE/4HR treatment, while the observation group (n = 59) received thymosin α1 in addition to the 2HRZE/4HR treatment.
Report a problemFND-4099437308
09HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In pulmonary tuberculosis, TIM-3 mRNA expression was lower with added Tα1 than with 2HRZE/4HR alone.
In plain wordsIn patients with lung tuberculosis, the immune marker TIM-3 was lower with thymosin alpha‑1 added to standard drugs.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
DecreaseTIM-3 mRNA expression
Study
n = 106
Comparator
2HRZE/4HR alone
Outcome group
Immune response · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Compared with the control group, the observation group exhibited lower mRNA expression of T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-1 (TIM-1) and TIM-3; reduced levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), sputum supernatant, serum interleukin-4 (IL-4) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α); but higher interf…
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 106 pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated between October 2022 and June 2024.
Summary · context
The patients were divided into two groups based on their treatment regimens: the control group (n = 47) received the 2HRZE/4HR treatment, while the observation group (n = 59) received thymosin α1 in addition to the 2HRZE/4HR treatment.
Report a problemFND-4099437309
10HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In pulmonary tuberculosis, IgE levels were lower with added Tα1 than with 2HRZE/4HR alone.
In plain wordsIn patients with lung tuberculosis, IgE was lower with thymosin alpha‑1 added to standard drugs.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
DecreaseImmunoglobulin E level
Study
n = 106
Comparator
2HRZE/4HR alone
Outcome group
Immune response · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Compared with the control group, the observation group exhibited lower mRNA expression of T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-1 (TIM-1) and TIM-3; reduced levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), sputum supernatant, serum interleukin-4 (IL-4) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α); but higher interf…
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 106 pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated between October 2022 and June 2024.
Summary · context
The patients were divided into two groups based on their treatment regimens: the control group (n = 47) received the 2HRZE/4HR treatment, while the observation group (n = 59) received thymosin α1 in addition to the 2HRZE/4HR treatment.
Report a problemFND-4099437310
11HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In pulmonary tuberculosis, serum IL-4 was lower with added Tα1 than with 2HRZE/4HR alone.
In plain wordsIn patients with lung tuberculosis, the inflammation signal IL-4 was lower with thymosin alpha‑1 added to standard drugs.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
DecreaseSerum IL-4 level
Study
n = 106
Comparator
2HRZE/4HR alone
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Compared with the control group, the observation group exhibited lower mRNA expression of T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-1 (TIM-1) and TIM-3; reduced levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), sputum supernatant, serum interleukin-4 (IL-4) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α); but higher interf…
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 106 pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated between October 2022 and June 2024.
Summary · context
The patients were divided into two groups based on their treatment regimens: the control group (n = 47) received the 2HRZE/4HR treatment, while the observation group (n = 59) received thymosin α1 in addition to the 2HRZE/4HR treatment.
Report a problemFND-4099437311
12HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In pulmonary tuberculosis, serum TNF-α was lower with added Tα1 than with 2HRZE/4HR alone.
In plain wordsIn patients with lung tuberculosis, the inflammation signal TNF-alpha was lower with thymosin alpha‑1 added to standard drugs.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
DecreaseSerum TNF-α level
Study
n = 106
Comparator
2HRZE/4HR alone
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Compared with the control group, the observation group exhibited lower mRNA expression of T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-1 (TIM-1) and TIM-3; reduced levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), sputum supernatant, serum interleukin-4 (IL-4) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α); but higher interf…
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 106 pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated between October 2022 and June 2024.
Summary · context
The patients were divided into two groups based on their treatment regimens: the control group (n = 47) received the 2HRZE/4HR treatment, while the observation group (n = 59) received thymosin α1 in addition to the 2HRZE/4HR treatment.
Report a problemFND-4099437312
13HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In pulmonary tuberculosis, IFN-γ levels were higher with added Tα1 than with 2HRZE/4HR alone.
In plain wordsIn patients with lung tuberculosis, the immune signal IFN-gamma was higher with thymosin alpha‑1 added to standard drugs.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
IncreaseInterferon-gamma level
Study
n = 106
Comparator
2HRZE/4HR alone
Outcome group
Immune response · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Compared with the control group, the observation group exhibited lower mRNA expression of T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-1 (TIM-1) and TIM-3; reduced levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), sputum supernatant, serum interleukin-4 (IL-4) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α); but higher interf…
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 106 pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated between October 2022 and June 2024.
Summary · context
The patients were divided into two groups based on their treatment regimens: the control group (n = 47) received the 2HRZE/4HR treatment, while the observation group (n = 59) received thymosin α1 in addition to the 2HRZE/4HR treatment.
Report a problemFND-4099437313
14HumanObservational studySafety outcome
In pulmonary tuberculosis, the incidence of adverse reactions did not differ significantly between added Tα1 and 2HRZE/4HR alone.
In plain wordsIn patients with lung tuberculosis, side effects were similar with and without thymosin alpha‑1.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
No significant changeIncidence of adverse reactions
Study
n = 106
Comparator
2HRZE/4HR alone
Outcome group
Adverse events · Whole body
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (p > 0.05).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 106 pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated between October 2022 and June 2024.
Summary · context
The patients were divided into two groups based on their treatment regimens: the control group (n = 47) received the 2HRZE/4HR treatment, while the observation group (n = 59) received thymosin α1 in addition to the 2HRZE/4HR treatment.
Report a problemFND-4099437314

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 3Current
10 Oct 2026, 08:19 UTC
Study results updated
Version 2
9 Oct 2026, 03:03 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:02 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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Thymosin α1 Combined With 2HRZE/4HR Regimen as a Potential Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: An Analysis of Immune Function, Pulmonary Function and Inflammatory Response.

Summary

Results from this study14

Version history

Subjects

Publication types

MeSH terms

Keywords