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Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 2026

1 result

Acute effects of continuous and interval cycling on salivary SIgA and anti-microbial peptide secretions: a randomized crossover trial.

Ito R, Uchida M, Fujie S, Iemitsu K, Kojima C, Shinohara Y, Hashimoto T, Isaka T, Iemitsu M

European journal of applied physiology14 Aug 2025

PMID40810749 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC12948854 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1007/s00421-025-05937-5 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-40810749
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Summary

PurposeThis study aimed to examine the acute effects of continuous and interval cycling on salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and anti-microbial peptides.MethodsIn a randomized crossover trial, 12 healthy young untrained men (22 ± 1 years) performed two exercise patterns: continuous exercise (CE) for 20-min cycling load equivalent to 70% maximal oxygen uptake (V·O2max) and interval exercise (IE) for 20-min cycling exercise, with five sets of 2 min at 50% V·O2max and five sets of 2 min at 90% V·O2max. Saliva samples were collected at baseline and post-0 min and post-30 min after exercise. We evaluated salivary SIgA as well as salivary lysozyme, lactoferrin, human β-defensin-2, and LL-37 as the anti-microbial peptides at each time point.ResultsIn the CE trial, the salivary SIgA secretion rate decreased immediately after exercise (p = 0.0002). However, in the IE trial, the salivary SIgA secretion rate did not change. In addition, the percentage change in salivary SIgA secretion rate immediately after exercise decreased in the CE as compared to the IE (CE: -37.6 ± 19.7% vs IE: 3.6 ± 33.6%, p = 0.0014). However, salivary lysozyme, lactoferrin, human β-defensin-2, and LL-37 secretion rates did not change from baseline to after exercise in both trials.ConclusionThese results suggest that salivary SIgA secretion may differ between acute CE and IE, whereas secretory responses to salivary anti-microbial peptides may not differ.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study1

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured1

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01HumanEndogenous levelRandomized controlled trialOther

    In 12 healthy young untrained men, neither continuous nor interval cycling changed salivary LL‑37 secretion rates from baseline to after exercise.

    In plain wordsIn healthy young men, continuous or interval cycling did not change the body's own LL‑37 secretion in saliva.

    Peptide
    LL-37
    Outcome
    No significant changeSalivary LL-37 secretion rate after exercise
    Study

    n = 12

    Comparator
    Baseline (before exercise)
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    salivary lysozyme, lactoferrin, human β-defensin-2, and LL-37 secretion rates did not change from baseline to after exercise in both trials
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In a randomized crossover trial, 12 healthy young untrained men

    This result measures the body's own LL-37. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 3Current

    9 Oct 2026, 12:39 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 2

    9 Oct 2026, 03:03 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 02:56 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

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