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Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 2025

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Characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid in autism spectrum disorder - A systematic review.

Srivastava V, O'Reilly C

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews10 May 2025Cited by 5 (Europe PMC)

PMID40354953 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106202 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-40354953
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a range of neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by impaired social interaction, learning, and restricted or repetitive behaviors. The underlying causes of ASD are still debated, but researchers have found many physiological traits like gut problems and impaired immune system to help understand the etiology of ASD. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays a critical role in maintaining the homeostasis of the neuronal environment and has, therefore, been analyzed in multiple conditions impacting the central nervous system. The study of CSF is crucial to understanding neurological disorders as its composition changes with the disorders, and these changes may indicate various disorder-related physiological mechanisms. For this systematic review, we searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published between 1977 and 2025 and selected 49 studies after manual screening. We took stock of the evidence supporting the hypothesis that ASD alters the properties and composition of CSF. We systematically report on the different attributes of CSF in the ASD population that could be potential biomarkers and assist in understanding the origins and progression of ASD. We found that in CSF, immune markers, proteins, extra-axial CSF, folate, oxytocin, and vasopressin showed changes in ASD compared to the neurotypicals. We observed gaps in the literature due to variations in age and sample size and noted biases related to sex (i.e., samples are predominantly including male participants) and age (i.e., a handful of studies were conducted on adults). Our review highlights the need for more research on CSF in ASD to improve our understanding of this disorder and identify CSF biomarkers.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study1

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured1

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01HumanEndogenous levelSystematic reviewOther

    In a systematic review, cerebrospinal fluid oxytocin showed changes in people with autism spectrum disorder compared with neurotypical people.

    In plain wordsA review found that the body's own oxytocin in spinal fluid differed in people with autism compared with other people; the direction is not stated.

    Peptide
    Oxytocin
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedCSF oxytocin in ASD versus neurotypicals
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Neurotypical controls
    Outcome group
    Endogenous peptide levels · Nervous system and cognition

    Source sentences

    Summary
    We found that in CSF, immune markers, proteins, extra-axial CSF, folate, oxytocin, and vasopressin showed changes in ASD compared to the neurotypicals.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    For this systematic review, we searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published between 1977 and 2025 and selected 49 studies after manual screening.

    This result measures the body's own Oxytocin. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    11 Oct 2026, 00:50 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 02:48 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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