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Study · Not a test of the peptide alone · 2025

8 results

Copper Complexes with New Glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-Hyaluronan Conjugates Show Antioxidant Properties and Osteogenic and Angiogenic Synergistic Effects.

Greco V, Lanza V, Tomasello B, Naletova I, Cairns WRL, Sciuto S, Rizzarelli E

Bioconjugate chemistry24 Mar 2025Cited by 9 (Europe PMC)

PMID40123442 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00545 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-40123442
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study8

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone8

In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.

  1. 01LabNot a test of GHK-Cu aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In in vitro assays, copper complexes of the GHK-hyaluronan conjugates promoted expression and release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, the copper-GHK-hyaluronic acid complexes increased expression and release of the growth factor BDNF.

    Peptide
    GHK-Cu
    Outcome
    IncreaseExpression and release of BDNF
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The results highlight copper's role in promoting the expression and release of certain trophic, angiogenic, and osteogenic factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as well as bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    GHK-HA binds copper(II) ions and potentiates the chemical and biological properties of the two components in in vitro assays.

    In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.

  2. 02LabNot a test of GHK-Cu aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In in vitro assays, copper complexes of the GHK-hyaluronan conjugates promoted expression and release of vascular endothelial growth factor.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, the copper-GHK-hyaluronic acid complexes increased expression and release of the growth factor VEGF.

    Peptide
    GHK-Cu
    Outcome
    IncreaseExpression and release of VEGF
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Wound healing · Skin and wound

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The results highlight copper's role in promoting the expression and release of certain trophic, angiogenic, and osteogenic factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as well as bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    GHK-HA binds copper(II) ions and potentiates the chemical and biological properties of the two components in in vitro assays.

    In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.

  3. 03LabNot a test of GHK-Cu aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In in vitro assays, copper complexes of the GHK-hyaluronan conjugates promoted expression and release of bone morphogenetic protein-2.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, the copper-GHK-hyaluronic acid complexes increased expression and release of the bone growth factor BMP-2.

    Peptide
    GHK-Cu
    Outcome
    IncreaseExpression and release of BMP-2
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The results highlight copper's role in promoting the expression and release of certain trophic, angiogenic, and osteogenic factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as well as bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    GHK-HA binds copper(II) ions and potentiates the chemical and biological properties of the two components in in vitro assays.

    In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.

  4. 04LabNot a test of GHK-Cu aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    The protective and regenerative activities of the metal ion are related to translocation of the copper chaperones CCS and Atox1 to the nucleus.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, copper's protective effects were linked to copper carrier proteins moving into the cell nucleus.

    Peptide
    GHK-Cu
    Outcome
    IncreaseNuclear translocation of CCS and Atox1
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The protective and regenerative activities of the metal ion are related to the translocation of its intracellular chaperones Copper Chaperone for Superoxide Dismutase (CCS) and Antioxidant-1 (Atox1) to the nucleus where they act as transcription factors.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    GHK-HA binds copper(II) ions and potentiates the chemical and biological properties of the two components in in vitro assays.

    In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.

  5. 05LabNot a test of GHK-Cu aloneIn vitro (cells)Activity measurement

    Copper complexes with the new GHK-hyaluronan conjugates showed antioxidant properties.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, copper complexes with the GHK-hyaluronic acid conjugates showed antioxidant properties.

    Peptide
    GHK-Cu
    Outcome
    IncreaseAntioxidant properties
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Oxidative stress · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Title
    Copper Complexes with New Glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-Hyaluronan Conjugates Show Antioxidant Properties and Osteogenic and Angiogenic Synergistic Effects.

    In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.

  6. 06LabNot a test of GHK-Cu aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome

    Copper complexes with the new GHK-hyaluronan conjugates showed synergistic osteogenic effects.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, copper complexes with the GHK-hyaluronic acid conjugates showed combined effects that support bone formation.

    Peptide
    GHK-Cu
    Outcome
    IncreaseOsteogenic synergistic effect
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal

    Source sentences

    Title
    Copper Complexes with New Glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-Hyaluronan Conjugates Show Antioxidant Properties and Osteogenic and Angiogenic Synergistic Effects.

    In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.

  7. 07LabNot a test of GHK-Cu aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome

    Copper complexes with the new GHK-hyaluronan conjugates showed synergistic angiogenic effects.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, copper complexes with the GHK-hyaluronic acid conjugates showed combined effects that support new blood vessel growth.

    Peptide
    GHK-Cu
    Outcome
    IncreaseAngiogenic synergistic effect
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Wound healing · Skin and wound

    Source sentences

    Title
    Copper Complexes with New Glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-Hyaluronan Conjugates Show Antioxidant Properties and Osteogenic and Angiogenic Synergistic Effects.

    In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.

  8. 08LabNot a test of GHK-Cu aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Mechanism

    In vitro, the GHK-hyaluronan conjugate binds copper(II) ions.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, the GHK-hyaluronic acid conjugate bound copper ions.

    Peptide
    GHK-Cu
    Outcome
    Not applicableCopper(II) binding by GHK-HA
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    GHK-HA binds copper(II) ions and potentiates the chemical and biological properties of the two components in in vitro assays.

    In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 3Current

    9 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 2

    9 Oct 2026, 03:03 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 02:56 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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