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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2025

12 results

Growth Hormone-Releasing Peptide 2 May Be Associated With Decreased M1 Macrophage Production and Increased Histologic and Biomechanical Tendon-Bone Healing Properties in a Rat Rotator Cuff Tear Model.

Li Y, Yao L, Zhang C, Li T, Wang D, Li J, Huang Y, Tang X

Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association12 Dec 2024Cited by 5 (Europe PMC)

PMID39672241 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1016/j.arthro.2024.11.094 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-39672241
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study12

12 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats with rotator cuff tear, GHRP‑2 reduced the proportion of M1 macrophages at the tendon-bone interface 2 and 4 weeks after surgery.

    In plain wordsIn rats with a rotator cuff tear, GHRP‑2 lowered the share of M1 inflammatory macrophages at the repair site.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    DecreaseProportion of M1 macrophages at the tendon-bone interface
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    rotator cuff tear
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The in vivo experiments showed that the proportion of M1 macrophages was reduced both 2 and 4 weeks after surgery (P < .01), and the number of M1 was reduced 4 weeks after surgery (P < .01) at the tendon-bone interface.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    GHRP-2 was then applied in a rat RCT model, and the healing of the tendon-bone interface was systemically evaluated by histologic staining, radiologic assessments, gait analysis, and biomechanical tests.
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats with rotator cuff tear, GHRP‑2 reduced the number of M1 macrophages at the tendon-bone interface 4 weeks after surgery.

    In plain wordsIn rats with a rotator cuff tear, GHRP‑2 lowered the number of M1 inflammatory macrophages at the repair site.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    DecreaseNumber of M1 macrophages at the tendon-bone interface
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    rotator cuff tear
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The in vivo experiments showed that the proportion of M1 macrophages was reduced both 2 and 4 weeks after surgery (P < .01), and the number of M1 was reduced 4 weeks after surgery (P < .01) at the tendon-bone interface.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    GHRP-2 was then applied in a rat RCT model, and the healing of the tendon-bone interface was systemically evaluated by histologic staining, radiologic assessments, gait analysis, and biomechanical tests.
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats with rotator cuff tear, GHRP‑2 increased histologic scores at 8 weeks after surgery.

    In plain wordsIn rats with a rotator cuff tear, GHRP‑2 raised histology scores of tendon-bone healing.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    IncreaseHistologic score of tendon-bone healing at 8 weeks
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    rotator cuff tear
    Outcome group
    Tendon and ligament healing · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The in vivo experiments also showed that histologic scores and bone mineral density were increased by GHRP-2 at 8 weeks postsurgery (P < .01), suggesting improved healing of the tendon-bone interface.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    GHRP-2 was then applied in a rat RCT model, and the healing of the tendon-bone interface was systemically evaluated by histologic staining, radiologic assessments, gait analysis, and biomechanical tests.
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats with rotator cuff tear, GHRP‑2 increased bone mineral density at 8 weeks after surgery.

    In plain wordsIn rats with a rotator cuff tear, GHRP‑2 raised bone mineral density at the repair site.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    IncreaseBone mineral density at 8 weeks
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    rotator cuff tear
    Outcome group
    Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The in vivo experiments also showed that histologic scores and bone mineral density were increased by GHRP-2 at 8 weeks postsurgery (P < .01), suggesting improved healing of the tendon-bone interface.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    GHRP-2 was then applied in a rat RCT model, and the healing of the tendon-bone interface was systemically evaluated by histologic staining, radiologic assessments, gait analysis, and biomechanical tests.
  5. 05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats with rotator cuff tear, the GHRP‑2 group had a better maximal failure load at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery.

    In plain wordsIn rats with a rotator cuff tear, repaired tendons in the GHRP‑2 group withstood more load before failing.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    IncreaseMaximal failure load at 4 and 8 weeks
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    rotator cuff tear
    Outcome group
    Tendon and ligament healing · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Furthermore, the GHRP-2 group showed a better biomechanical property at both 4 and 8 weeks postsurgery, including maximal failure load, stiffness, and tension (all P < .01), and better gait parameters at 8 weeks postsurgery, including mean area of the left front foot and mean intensity of the right…
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    GHRP-2 was then applied in a rat RCT model, and the healing of the tendon-bone interface was systemically evaluated by histologic staining, radiologic assessments, gait analysis, and biomechanical tests.
  6. 06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats with rotator cuff tear, the GHRP‑2 group had better stiffness at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery.

    In plain wordsIn rats with a rotator cuff tear, repaired tendons in the GHRP‑2 group were stiffer.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    IncreaseStiffness at 4 and 8 weeks
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    rotator cuff tear
    Outcome group
    Tendon and ligament healing · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Furthermore, the GHRP-2 group showed a better biomechanical property at both 4 and 8 weeks postsurgery, including maximal failure load, stiffness, and tension (all P < .01), and better gait parameters at 8 weeks postsurgery, including mean area of the left front foot and mean intensity of the right…
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    GHRP-2 was then applied in a rat RCT model, and the healing of the tendon-bone interface was systemically evaluated by histologic staining, radiologic assessments, gait analysis, and biomechanical tests.
  7. 07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats with rotator cuff tear, the GHRP‑2 group had better tension at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery.

    In plain wordsIn rats with a rotator cuff tear, repaired tendons in the GHRP‑2 group showed better tension results.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    IncreaseTension at 4 and 8 weeks
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    rotator cuff tear
    Outcome group
    Tendon and ligament healing · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Furthermore, the GHRP-2 group showed a better biomechanical property at both 4 and 8 weeks postsurgery, including maximal failure load, stiffness, and tension (all P < .01), and better gait parameters at 8 weeks postsurgery, including mean area of the left front foot and mean intensity of the right…
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    GHRP-2 was then applied in a rat RCT model, and the healing of the tendon-bone interface was systemically evaluated by histologic staining, radiologic assessments, gait analysis, and biomechanical tests.
  8. 08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats with rotator cuff tear, the GHRP‑2 group had better gait parameters for the mean area of the left front foot at 8 weeks after surgery.

    In plain wordsIn rats with a rotator cuff tear, the GHRP‑2 group walked better on one gait measure at 8 weeks.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedMean area of the left front foot (gait) at 8 weeks
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    rotator cuff tear
    Outcome group
    Exercise and physical function · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Furthermore, the GHRP-2 group showed a better biomechanical property at both 4 and 8 weeks postsurgery, including maximal failure load, stiffness, and tension (all P < .01), and better gait parameters at 8 weeks postsurgery, including mean area of the left front foot and mean intensity of the right…
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    GHRP-2 was then applied in a rat RCT model, and the healing of the tendon-bone interface was systemically evaluated by histologic staining, radiologic assessments, gait analysis, and biomechanical tests.
  9. 09AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats with rotator cuff tear, the GHRP‑2 group had better gait parameters for the mean intensity of the right front foot at 8 weeks after surgery.

    In plain wordsIn rats with a rotator cuff tear, the GHRP‑2 group walked better on a second gait measure at 8 weeks.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedMean intensity of the right front foot (gait) at 8 weeks
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    rotator cuff tear
    Outcome group
    Exercise and physical function · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Furthermore, the GHRP-2 group showed a better biomechanical property at both 4 and 8 weeks postsurgery, including maximal failure load, stiffness, and tension (all P < .01), and better gait parameters at 8 weeks postsurgery, including mean area of the left front foot and mean intensity of the right…
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    GHRP-2 was then applied in a rat RCT model, and the healing of the tendon-bone interface was systemically evaluated by histologic staining, radiologic assessments, gait analysis, and biomechanical tests.
  10. 10LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In vitro, GHRP‑2 reduced Cd86 expression, which suggests inhibited M1 macrophage polarization.

    In plain wordsIn cells, GHRP‑2 lowered a marker of M1 macrophages, which drive inflammation.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    DecreaseCd86 expression in macrophages
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    GHRP-2 was found to reduce the expression of Cd86, Nos2, and tnfa (all P < .01), suggesting inhibited M1 macrophage polarization in vitro.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The impact of GHRP-2 on M1 macrophage polarization in vitro was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunofluorescence staining.
  11. 11LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In vitro, GHRP‑2 reduced Nos2 expression, which suggests inhibited M1 macrophage polarization.

    In plain wordsIn cells, GHRP‑2 lowered a marker of M1 macrophages, which drive inflammation.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    DecreaseNos2 expression in macrophages
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    GHRP-2 was found to reduce the expression of Cd86, Nos2, and tnfa (all P < .01), suggesting inhibited M1 macrophage polarization in vitro.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The impact of GHRP-2 on M1 macrophage polarization in vitro was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunofluorescence staining.
  12. 12LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In vitro, GHRP‑2 reduced tnfa expression, which suggests inhibited M1 macrophage polarization.

    In plain wordsIn cells, GHRP‑2 lowered a marker of M1 macrophages, which drive inflammation.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    Decreasetnfa expression in macrophages
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    GHRP-2 was found to reduce the expression of Cd86, Nos2, and tnfa (all P < .01), suggesting inhibited M1 macrophage polarization in vitro.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The impact of GHRP-2 on M1 macrophage polarization in vitro was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunofluorescence staining.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 21:44 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    13 Oct 2026, 16:31 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

Publication types

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