Dietary regimens appear to possess significant effects on the development of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART)-associated metabolic syndrome.

Chege BM, Mwangi PW, Githinji CG, Bukachi F

PloS one28 Feb 2024Cited by 1 (Europe PMC)

PMID38416754PMCIDPMC10901320DOI10.1371/journal.pone.0298752PepBankPUB-38416754

Summary

IntroductionThis study investigated the interactions between a low protein high calorie (LPHC) diet and an integrase inhibitor-containing antiretroviral drug regimen (INI-CR)in light of evidence suggesting that the initiation of cART in patients with poor nutritional status is a predictor of mortality independent of immune status.MethodsFreshly weaned Sprague Dawley rats (120) were randomized into the standard, LPHC and normal protein high calorie (NPHC) diet groups (n = 40/group) initially for 15 weeks. Thereafter, experimental animals in each diet group were further randomized into four treatment sub-groups (n = 10/group) Control (normal saline), group 1(TDF+3TC+DTG and Tesamorelin), group 2 (TDF+3TC+DTG), and Positive control (AZT+3TC+ATV/r) with treatment and diets combined for 9 weeks. Weekly body weights, fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT); lipid profiles, liver weights, hepatic triglycerides and adiposity were assessed at week 24.ResultsAt week 15, body weights increased between the diet group in phase 1(standard 146 ± 1.64 vs. 273.1 ± 1.56 g), (NPHC, 143.5 ± 2.40 vs. 390.2 ± 4.94 g) and (LPHC, 145.5 ± 2.28 g vs. 398.3 ± 4.89 g) (p< 0.0001). A similar increase was noted in the FBG and OGTT (p< 0.0001). In phase 2, there was an increase in FBG, OGTT, body weights, lipid profile, liver weights, hepatic triglycerides, adiposity and insulin levels in group 2 and positive control in both NPHC and LPHC diet groups (p<0.0001). Growth hormone levels were decreased in Tesamorelin-free group 2 and positive control in both NPHC and LPHC (p< 0.0001).ConclusionsThe obesogenic activities of the LPHC diet exceeded that of the NPHC diet and interacted with both integrase-containing and classical cART drug regimens to reproduce cART associated metabolic dysregulation. The effects were however reversed by co-administration with tesamorelin, a synthetic growth hormone releasing hormone analogue.

CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study9

9 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats on high-calorie diets given cART, adding tesamorelin reversed the rise in fasting blood glucose seen with cART alone.
In plain wordsIn rats on high-calorie diets given HIV drugs, tesamorelin reversed the rise in fasting blood sugar seen with the drugs alone.
Peptide
Tesamorelin
Outcome
DecreaseFasting blood glucose
Study
Sprague Dawley ratn: not reported in source
Rats on low or normal protein high calorie diets given integrase-inhibitor cART
Comparator
TDF+3TC+DTG without tesamorelin (group 2)
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 9 weeksAs given in this study (Sprague Dawley rat).
Source sentences
Summary
The effects were however reversed by co-administration with tesamorelin, a synthetic growth hormone releasing hormone analogue.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In phase 2, there was an increase in FBG, OGTT, body weights, lipid profile, liver weights, hepatic triglycerides, adiposity and insulin levels in group 2 and positive control in both NPHC and LPHC diet groups (p<0.0001).
Summary · context
Freshly weaned Sprague Dawley rats (120) were randomized into the standard, LPHC and normal protein high calorie (NPHC) diet groups (n = 40/group) initially for 15 weeks.
Summary · context
Thereafter, experimental animals in each diet group were further randomized into four treatment sub-groups (n = 10/group) Control (normal saline), group 1(TDF+3TC+DTG and Tesamorelin), group 2 (TDF+3TC+DTG), and Positive control (AZT+3TC+ATV/r) with treatment and diets combined for 9 weeks.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3841675401
02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats on high-calorie diets given cART, adding tesamorelin reversed the OGTT increase seen with cART alone.
In plain wordsIn rats on high-calorie diets given HIV drugs, tesamorelin reversed the poorer glucose tolerance seen with the drugs alone.
Peptide
Tesamorelin
Outcome
DecreaseOral glucose tolerance
Study
Sprague Dawley ratn: not reported in source
Rats on low or normal protein high calorie diets given integrase-inhibitor cART
Comparator
TDF+3TC+DTG without tesamorelin (group 2)
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 9 weeksAs given in this study (Sprague Dawley rat).
Source sentences
Summary
The effects were however reversed by co-administration with tesamorelin, a synthetic growth hormone releasing hormone analogue.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In phase 2, there was an increase in FBG, OGTT, body weights, lipid profile, liver weights, hepatic triglycerides, adiposity and insulin levels in group 2 and positive control in both NPHC and LPHC diet groups (p<0.0001).
Summary · context
Freshly weaned Sprague Dawley rats (120) were randomized into the standard, LPHC and normal protein high calorie (NPHC) diet groups (n = 40/group) initially for 15 weeks.
Summary · context
Thereafter, experimental animals in each diet group were further randomized into four treatment sub-groups (n = 10/group) Control (normal saline), group 1(TDF+3TC+DTG and Tesamorelin), group 2 (TDF+3TC+DTG), and Positive control (AZT+3TC+ATV/r) with treatment and diets combined for 9 weeks.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3841675402
03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats on high-calorie diets given cART, adding tesamorelin reversed the body weight increase seen with cART alone.
In plain wordsIn rats on high-calorie diets given HIV drugs, tesamorelin reversed the weight gain seen with the drugs alone.
Peptide
Tesamorelin
Outcome
DecreaseBody weight
Study
Sprague Dawley ratn: not reported in source
Rats on low or normal protein high calorie diets given integrase-inhibitor cART
Comparator
TDF+3TC+DTG without tesamorelin (group 2)
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 9 weeksAs given in this study (Sprague Dawley rat).
Source sentences
Summary
The effects were however reversed by co-administration with tesamorelin, a synthetic growth hormone releasing hormone analogue.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In phase 2, there was an increase in FBG, OGTT, body weights, lipid profile, liver weights, hepatic triglycerides, adiposity and insulin levels in group 2 and positive control in both NPHC and LPHC diet groups (p<0.0001).
Summary · context
Freshly weaned Sprague Dawley rats (120) were randomized into the standard, LPHC and normal protein high calorie (NPHC) diet groups (n = 40/group) initially for 15 weeks.
Summary · context
Thereafter, experimental animals in each diet group were further randomized into four treatment sub-groups (n = 10/group) Control (normal saline), group 1(TDF+3TC+DTG and Tesamorelin), group 2 (TDF+3TC+DTG), and Positive control (AZT+3TC+ATV/r) with treatment and diets combined for 9 weeks.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3841675403
04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats on high-calorie diets given cART, adding tesamorelin reversed the lipid profile worsening seen with cART alone.
In plain wordsIn rats on high-calorie diets given HIV drugs, tesamorelin reversed the blood fat changes seen with the drugs alone.
Peptide
Tesamorelin
Outcome
DecreaseLipid profile
Study
Sprague Dawley ratn: not reported in source
Rats on low or normal protein high calorie diets given integrase-inhibitor cART
Comparator
TDF+3TC+DTG without tesamorelin (group 2)
Outcome group
Lipids · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 9 weeksAs given in this study (Sprague Dawley rat).
Source sentences
Summary
The effects were however reversed by co-administration with tesamorelin, a synthetic growth hormone releasing hormone analogue.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In phase 2, there was an increase in FBG, OGTT, body weights, lipid profile, liver weights, hepatic triglycerides, adiposity and insulin levels in group 2 and positive control in both NPHC and LPHC diet groups (p<0.0001).
Summary · context
Freshly weaned Sprague Dawley rats (120) were randomized into the standard, LPHC and normal protein high calorie (NPHC) diet groups (n = 40/group) initially for 15 weeks.
Summary · context
Thereafter, experimental animals in each diet group were further randomized into four treatment sub-groups (n = 10/group) Control (normal saline), group 1(TDF+3TC+DTG and Tesamorelin), group 2 (TDF+3TC+DTG), and Positive control (AZT+3TC+ATV/r) with treatment and diets combined for 9 weeks.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3841675404
05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats on high-calorie diets given cART, adding tesamorelin reversed the liver weight increase seen with cART alone.
In plain wordsIn rats on high-calorie diets given HIV drugs, tesamorelin reversed the liver weight increase seen with the drugs alone.
Peptide
Tesamorelin
Outcome
DecreaseLiver weight
Study
Sprague Dawley ratn: not reported in source
Rats on low or normal protein high calorie diets given integrase-inhibitor cART
Comparator
TDF+3TC+DTG without tesamorelin (group 2)
Outcome group
Liver fat and liver function · Liver
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 9 weeksAs given in this study (Sprague Dawley rat).
Source sentences
Summary
The effects were however reversed by co-administration with tesamorelin, a synthetic growth hormone releasing hormone analogue.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In phase 2, there was an increase in FBG, OGTT, body weights, lipid profile, liver weights, hepatic triglycerides, adiposity and insulin levels in group 2 and positive control in both NPHC and LPHC diet groups (p<0.0001).
Summary · context
Freshly weaned Sprague Dawley rats (120) were randomized into the standard, LPHC and normal protein high calorie (NPHC) diet groups (n = 40/group) initially for 15 weeks.
Summary · context
Thereafter, experimental animals in each diet group were further randomized into four treatment sub-groups (n = 10/group) Control (normal saline), group 1(TDF+3TC+DTG and Tesamorelin), group 2 (TDF+3TC+DTG), and Positive control (AZT+3TC+ATV/r) with treatment and diets combined for 9 weeks.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3841675405
06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats on high-calorie diets given cART, adding tesamorelin reversed the rise in hepatic triglycerides seen with cART alone.
In plain wordsIn rats on high-calorie diets given HIV drugs, tesamorelin reversed the rise in liver fat seen with the drugs alone.
Peptide
Tesamorelin
Outcome
DecreaseHepatic triglycerides
Study
Sprague Dawley ratn: not reported in source
Rats on low or normal protein high calorie diets given integrase-inhibitor cART
Comparator
TDF+3TC+DTG without tesamorelin (group 2)
Outcome group
Liver fat and liver function · Liver
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 9 weeksAs given in this study (Sprague Dawley rat).
Source sentences
Summary
The effects were however reversed by co-administration with tesamorelin, a synthetic growth hormone releasing hormone analogue.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In phase 2, there was an increase in FBG, OGTT, body weights, lipid profile, liver weights, hepatic triglycerides, adiposity and insulin levels in group 2 and positive control in both NPHC and LPHC diet groups (p<0.0001).
Summary · context
Freshly weaned Sprague Dawley rats (120) were randomized into the standard, LPHC and normal protein high calorie (NPHC) diet groups (n = 40/group) initially for 15 weeks.
Summary · context
Thereafter, experimental animals in each diet group were further randomized into four treatment sub-groups (n = 10/group) Control (normal saline), group 1(TDF+3TC+DTG and Tesamorelin), group 2 (TDF+3TC+DTG), and Positive control (AZT+3TC+ATV/r) with treatment and diets combined for 9 weeks.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3841675406
07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats on high-calorie diets given cART, adding tesamorelin reversed the adiposity increase seen with cART alone.
In plain wordsIn rats on high-calorie diets given HIV drugs, tesamorelin reversed the body fat increase seen with the drugs alone.
Peptide
Tesamorelin
Outcome
DecreaseAdiposity
Study
Sprague Dawley ratn: not reported in source
Rats on low or normal protein high calorie diets given integrase-inhibitor cART
Comparator
TDF+3TC+DTG without tesamorelin (group 2)
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 9 weeksAs given in this study (Sprague Dawley rat).
Source sentences
Summary
The effects were however reversed by co-administration with tesamorelin, a synthetic growth hormone releasing hormone analogue.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In phase 2, there was an increase in FBG, OGTT, body weights, lipid profile, liver weights, hepatic triglycerides, adiposity and insulin levels in group 2 and positive control in both NPHC and LPHC diet groups (p<0.0001).
Summary · context
Freshly weaned Sprague Dawley rats (120) were randomized into the standard, LPHC and normal protein high calorie (NPHC) diet groups (n = 40/group) initially for 15 weeks.
Summary · context
Thereafter, experimental animals in each diet group were further randomized into four treatment sub-groups (n = 10/group) Control (normal saline), group 1(TDF+3TC+DTG and Tesamorelin), group 2 (TDF+3TC+DTG), and Positive control (AZT+3TC+ATV/r) with treatment and diets combined for 9 weeks.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3841675407
08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats on high-calorie diets given cART, adding tesamorelin reversed the insulin level increase seen with cART alone.
In plain wordsIn rats on high-calorie diets given HIV drugs, tesamorelin reversed the insulin rise seen with the drugs alone.
Peptide
Tesamorelin
Outcome
DecreaseInsulin level
Study
Sprague Dawley ratn: not reported in source
Rats on low or normal protein high calorie diets given integrase-inhibitor cART
Comparator
TDF+3TC+DTG without tesamorelin (group 2)
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Endocrine and hormones
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 9 weeksAs given in this study (Sprague Dawley rat).
Source sentences
Summary
The effects were however reversed by co-administration with tesamorelin, a synthetic growth hormone releasing hormone analogue.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In phase 2, there was an increase in FBG, OGTT, body weights, lipid profile, liver weights, hepatic triglycerides, adiposity and insulin levels in group 2 and positive control in both NPHC and LPHC diet groups (p<0.0001).
Summary · context
Freshly weaned Sprague Dawley rats (120) were randomized into the standard, LPHC and normal protein high calorie (NPHC) diet groups (n = 40/group) initially for 15 weeks.
Summary · context
Thereafter, experimental animals in each diet group were further randomized into four treatment sub-groups (n = 10/group) Control (normal saline), group 1(TDF+3TC+DTG and Tesamorelin), group 2 (TDF+3TC+DTG), and Positive control (AZT+3TC+ATV/r) with treatment and diets combined for 9 weeks.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3841675408
09AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats on high-calorie diets given cART, growth hormone levels were decreased in the tesamorelin-free group 2 and the positive control, so tesamorelin kept growth hormone levels higher.
In plain wordsIn rats on high-calorie diets given HIV drugs, growth hormone fell without tesamorelin, so tesamorelin kept it higher.
Peptide
Tesamorelin
Outcome
IncreaseGrowth hormone level
Study
Sprague Dawley ratn: not reported in source
Rats on low or normal protein high calorie diets given integrase-inhibitor cART
Comparator
TDF+3TC+DTG without tesamorelin (group 2)
Outcome group
Growth hormone and IGF-1 · Endocrine and hormones
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 9 weeksAs given in this study (Sprague Dawley rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Growth hormone levels were decreased in Tesamorelin-free group 2 and positive control in both NPHC and LPHC (p< 0.0001).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Freshly weaned Sprague Dawley rats (120) were randomized into the standard, LPHC and normal protein high calorie (NPHC) diet groups (n = 40/group) initially for 15 weeks.
Summary · context
Thereafter, experimental animals in each diet group were further randomized into four treatment sub-groups (n = 10/group) Control (normal saline), group 1(TDF+3TC+DTG and Tesamorelin), group 2 (TDF+3TC+DTG), and Positive control (AZT+3TC+ATV/r) with treatment and diets combined for 9 weeks.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3841675409

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
9 Oct 2026, 19:08 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:13 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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