Skip to content

Study · Not a test of the peptide alone · 2024

9 results

Enhanced Immunomodulatory Effects of Thymosin-Alpha-1 in Combination with Polyanionic Carbosilane Dendrimers against HCMV Infection.

Espinar-Buitrago MS, Magro-López E, Vázquez-Alejo E, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ

International journal of molecular sciences6 Feb 2024Cited by 3 (Europe PMC)

PMID38396631 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC10887890 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.3390/ijms25041952 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-38396631
Download PDFPubMedAsk about this study
Jump to 9 results

Summary

Resistance and toxicity associated with current treatments for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection highlight the need for alternatives and immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy. This study examined the in vitro immunological effects of co-administration of Thymosin-alpha-1 (Tα1) and polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers (PCDs) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during HCMV infection. The biocompatibility of PCDs was assessed via MTT and LDH assays. PBMCs were pre-treated with the co-administered compounds and then exposed to HCMV for 48 h. Morphological alterations in PBMCs were observed using optical microscopy and total dendritic cells (tDCs), myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs), and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), along with CD4+/CD8+ T cells and regulatory T cells (Treg), and were characterized using multiparametric flow cytometry. The findings revealed that Tα1 + PCDs treatments increased DC activation and maturation. Furthermore, increased co-receptor expression, intracellular IFNγ production in T cells and elevated Treg functionality and reduced senescence were evident with Tα1 + G2-S24P treatment. Conversely, reduced co-receptor expression, intracellular cytokine production in T cells, lower functionality and higher senescence in Treg were observed with Tα1 + G2S16 treatment. In summary, Tα1 + PCDs treatments demonstrate synergistic effects during early HCMV infection, suggesting their use as an alternative therapeutic for preventing virus infection.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study9

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone9

In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  1. 01LabNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In PBMCs exposed to HCMV, co-administration of thymosin alpha‑1 with polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers increased dendritic cell activation and maturation.

    In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin alpha‑1 combined with a dendrimer compound increased activation and maturation of immune dendritic cells during CMV infection.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    IncreaseDendritic cell activation and maturation
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    PBMCs exposed to HCMV for 48 h
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The findings revealed that Tα1 + PCDs treatments increased DC activation and maturation.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This study examined the in vitro immunological effects of co-administration of Thymosin-alpha-1 (Tα1) and polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers (PCDs) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during HCMV infection.
    Summary · context
    PBMCs were pre-treated with the co-administered compounds and then exposed to HCMV for 48 h.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  2. 02LabNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In PBMCs exposed to HCMV, thymosin alpha‑1 with the dendrimer G2-S24P increased co-receptor expression.

    In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin alpha‑1 combined with the dendrimer G2-S24P raised co-receptor levels on immune cells during CMV infection.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    IncreaseCo-receptor expression with Tα1 + G2-S24P
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    PBMCs exposed to HCMV for 48 h
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    increased co-receptor expression, intracellular IFNγ production in T cells
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    with Tα1 + G2-S24P treatment.
    Summary · context
    This study examined the in vitro immunological effects of co-administration of Thymosin-alpha-1 (Tα1) and polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers (PCDs) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during HCMV infection.
    Summary · context
    PBMCs were pre-treated with the co-administered compounds and then exposed to HCMV for 48 h.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  3. 03LabNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In PBMCs exposed to HCMV, thymosin alpha‑1 with the dendrimer G2-S24P increased intracellular IFNγ production in T cells.

    In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin alpha‑1 combined with the dendrimer G2-S24P raised IFNγ production in T cells during CMV infection.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    IncreaseIntracellular IFNγ production in T cells with Tα1 + G2-S24P
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    PBMCs exposed to HCMV for 48 h
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Furthermore, increased co-receptor expression, intracellular IFNγ production in T cells and elevated Treg functionality and reduced senescence were evident with Tα1 + G2-S24P treatment.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This study examined the in vitro immunological effects of co-administration of Thymosin-alpha-1 (Tα1) and polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers (PCDs) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during HCMV infection.
    Summary · context
    PBMCs were pre-treated with the co-administered compounds and then exposed to HCMV for 48 h.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  4. 04LabNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In PBMCs exposed to HCMV, thymosin alpha‑1 with the dendrimer G2-S24P elevated regulatory T cell functionality.

    In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin alpha‑1 combined with the dendrimer G2-S24P raised regulatory T cell function during CMV infection.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    IncreaseTreg functionality with Tα1 + G2-S24P
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    PBMCs exposed to HCMV for 48 h
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Furthermore, increased co-receptor expression, intracellular IFNγ production in T cells and elevated Treg functionality and reduced senescence were evident with Tα1 + G2-S24P treatment.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This study examined the in vitro immunological effects of co-administration of Thymosin-alpha-1 (Tα1) and polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers (PCDs) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during HCMV infection.
    Summary · context
    PBMCs were pre-treated with the co-administered compounds and then exposed to HCMV for 48 h.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  5. 05LabNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In PBMCs exposed to HCMV, thymosin alpha‑1 with the dendrimer G2-S24P reduced regulatory T cell senescence.

    In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin alpha‑1 combined with the dendrimer G2-S24P lowered ageing of regulatory T cells during CMV infection.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    DecreaseTreg senescence with Tα1 + G2-S24P
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    PBMCs exposed to HCMV for 48 h
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Furthermore, increased co-receptor expression, intracellular IFNγ production in T cells and elevated Treg functionality and reduced senescence were evident with Tα1 + G2-S24P treatment.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This study examined the in vitro immunological effects of co-administration of Thymosin-alpha-1 (Tα1) and polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers (PCDs) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during HCMV infection.
    Summary · context
    PBMCs were pre-treated with the co-administered compounds and then exposed to HCMV for 48 h.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  6. 06LabNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In PBMCs exposed to HCMV, thymosin alpha‑1 with the dendrimer G2S16 reduced co-receptor expression.

    In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin alpha‑1 combined with the dendrimer G2S16 lowered co-receptor levels on immune cells during CMV infection.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    DecreaseCo-receptor expression with Tα1 + G2S16
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    PBMCs exposed to HCMV for 48 h
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Conversely, reduced co-receptor expression, intracellular cytokine production in T cells, lower functionality and higher senescence in Treg were observed with Tα1 + G2S16 treatment.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This study examined the in vitro immunological effects of co-administration of Thymosin-alpha-1 (Tα1) and polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers (PCDs) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during HCMV infection.
    Summary · context
    PBMCs were pre-treated with the co-administered compounds and then exposed to HCMV for 48 h.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  7. 07LabNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In PBMCs exposed to HCMV, thymosin alpha‑1 with the dendrimer G2S16 reduced intracellular cytokine production in T cells.

    In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin alpha‑1 combined with the dendrimer G2S16 lowered cytokine production in T cells during CMV infection.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    DecreaseIntracellular cytokine production in T cells with Tα1 + G2S16
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    PBMCs exposed to HCMV for 48 h
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Conversely, reduced co-receptor expression, intracellular cytokine production in T cells, lower functionality and higher senescence in Treg were observed with Tα1 + G2S16 treatment.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This study examined the in vitro immunological effects of co-administration of Thymosin-alpha-1 (Tα1) and polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers (PCDs) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during HCMV infection.
    Summary · context
    PBMCs were pre-treated with the co-administered compounds and then exposed to HCMV for 48 h.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  8. 08LabNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In PBMCs exposed to HCMV, thymosin alpha‑1 with the dendrimer G2S16 lowered regulatory T cell functionality.

    In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin alpha‑1 combined with the dendrimer G2S16 lowered regulatory T cell function during CMV infection.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    DecreaseTreg functionality with Tα1 + G2S16
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    PBMCs exposed to HCMV for 48 h
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Conversely, reduced co-receptor expression, intracellular cytokine production in T cells, lower functionality and higher senescence in Treg were observed with Tα1 + G2S16 treatment.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This study examined the in vitro immunological effects of co-administration of Thymosin-alpha-1 (Tα1) and polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers (PCDs) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during HCMV infection.
    Summary · context
    PBMCs were pre-treated with the co-administered compounds and then exposed to HCMV for 48 h.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  9. 09LabNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In PBMCs exposed to HCMV, thymosin alpha‑1 with the dendrimer G2S16 raised regulatory T cell senescence.

    In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin alpha‑1 combined with the dendrimer G2S16 raised ageing of regulatory T cells during CMV infection.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    IncreaseTreg senescence with Tα1 + G2S16
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    PBMCs exposed to HCMV for 48 h
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Conversely, reduced co-receptor expression, intracellular cytokine production in T cells, lower functionality and higher senescence in Treg were observed with Tα1 + G2S16 treatment.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This study examined the in vitro immunological effects of co-administration of Thymosin-alpha-1 (Tα1) and polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers (PCDs) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during HCMV infection.
    Summary · context
    PBMCs were pre-treated with the co-administered compounds and then exposed to HCMV for 48 h.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 3Current

    10 Oct 2026, 08:19 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 2

    9 Oct 2026, 03:03 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:02 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.