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Study · Not a test of the peptide alone · 2023

2 results

Evidence of natural selection in the mitochondrial-derived peptides humanin and SHLP6.

Gruschus JM, Morris DL, Tjandra N

Scientific reports29 Aug 2023Cited by 20 (Europe PMC)

PMID37644144 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC10465549 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1038/s41598-023-41053-0 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-37644144
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Summary

Mitochondrial-derived peptides are encoded by mitochondrial DNA but have biological activity outside mitochondria. Eight of these are encoded by sequences within the mitochondrial 12S and 16S ribosomal genes: humanin, MOTS-c, and the six SHLP peptides, SHLP1-SHLP6. These peptides have various effects in cell culture and animal models, affecting neuroprotection, insulin sensitivity, and apoptosis, and some are secreted, potentially having extracellular signaling roles. However, except for humanin, their importance in normal cell function is unknown. To gauge their importance, their coding sequences in vertebrates have been analyzed for synonymous codon bias. Because they lie in RNA genes, such bias should only occur if their amino acids have been conserved to maintain biological function. Humanin and SHLP6 show strong synonymous codon bias and sequence conservation. In contrast, SHLP1, SHLP2, SHLP3, and SHLP5 show no significant bias and are poorly conserved. MOTS-c and SHLP4 also lack significant bias, but contain highly conserved N-terminal regions, and their biological importance cannot be ruled out. An additional potential mitochondrial-derived peptide sequence was discovered preceding SHLP2, named SHLP2b, which also contains a highly conserved N-terminal region with synonymous codon bias.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study2

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone2

In this study, MOTS-c was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking MOTS-c.

  1. 01Computer modelNot a test of MOTS-c aloneIn silicoOther

    In a computational analysis of vertebrate coding sequences, MOTS‑c showed no significant synonymous codon bias.

    In plain wordsIn a computer analysis of vertebrate gene sequences, MOTS‑c showed no significant codon bias, so its biological importance remains unclear.

    Peptide
    MOTS-c
    Outcome
    No significant changeSynonymous codon bias in MOTS-c coding sequence
    Study

    vertebratesn: not reported in source

    Coding sequence analysis
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    MOTS-c and SHLP4 also lack significant bias, but contain highly conserved N-terminal regions, and their biological importance cannot be ruled out.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To gauge their importance, their coding sequences in vertebrates have been analyzed for synonymous codon bias.

    In this study, MOTS-c was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking MOTS-c.

  2. 02Computer modelNot a test of MOTS-c aloneIn silicoOther

    In a computational analysis of vertebrate coding sequences, MOTS‑c contained a highly conserved N-terminal region.

    In plain wordsIn a computer analysis of vertebrate gene sequences, MOTS‑c had a highly conserved start region.

    Peptide
    MOTS-c
    Outcome
    Not applicableConservation of the MOTS-c N-terminal region
    Study

    vertebratesn: not reported in source

    Coding sequence analysis
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    but contain highly conserved N-terminal regions, and their biological importance cannot be ruled out.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To gauge their importance, their coding sequences in vertebrates have been analyzed for synonymous codon bias.

    In this study, MOTS-c was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking MOTS-c.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    9 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 02:47 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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