Efficacy of Clomiphene Citrate Versus Enclomiphene Citrate for Male Infertility Treatment: A Retrospective Study.

Thomas J, Suarez Arbelaez MC, Narasimman M, Weber AR, Blachman-Braun R, White JT, Ledesma B, Ghomeshi A, Jara-Palacios MA, Ramasamy R

Cureus6 Jul 2023Cited by 7 (Europe PMC)

PMID37546076PMCIDPMC10404117DOI10.7759/cureus.41476PepBankPUB-37546076

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Summary

Introduction Infertility and hypogonadism in males can greatly affect their reproductive health and overall well-being. Since exogenous testosterone administration for hypogonadism management may disrupt the normal hormonal cascade necessary for spermatogenesis, clomiphene citrate (CC) and enclomiphene citrate (EC) are medications often used to manage hypogonadism and male infertility. This study aims to directly compare the effects of CC and EC on serum testosterone levels and semen parameters in men to determine which medication may have an advantage in managing these conditions. Materials and methods We retrospectively analyzed ≥18-year-old men presenting with primary infertility, abnormal semen parameters, or hypogonadism who received CC or EC monotherapy for at least three months between January 2021 and December 2022. We compared baseline and follow-up hormone levels, semen parameters, and demographics. Variables were compared using paired and unpaired t-tests. Significance was assessed at pp=0.450). The two treatment groups exhibited a significant increase in serum total testosterone, while only EC had a statistically significant increase in FSH and LH. Semen volume and concentration did not significantly change with either treatment. Sperm motility increased in both groups, but total motile sperm count (TMSC) only significantly increased in men who received EC. Conclusions Our study found that EC and CC are effective treatments in increasing total testosterone without negatively affecting spermatogenesis. EC demonstrated to be more effective in raising gonadotropin levels and TMSC.

CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study7

7 results from studies that gave the peptide. 7 results from people.

01HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In men with infertility or hypogonadism, total testosterone increased significantly in the enclomiphene group, as it did in the clomiphene group.
In plain wordsIn men with infertility or hypogonadism, testosterone rose during enclomiphene treatment, as during clomiphene treatment.
Peptide
Enclomiphene
Outcome
IncreaseTotal testosterone
Study
n = 46
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Endocrine and hormones
Studied dose
Dose not stated · at least three monthsAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
The two treatment groups exhibited a significant increase in serum total testosterone, while only EC had a statistically significant increase in FSH and LH.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Materials and methods We retrospectively analyzed ≥18-year-old men presenting with primary infertility, abnormal semen parameters, or hypogonadism who received CC or EC monotherapy for at least three months between January 2021 and December 2022.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3754607601
02HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In men with infertility or hypogonadism, FSH increased significantly during enclomiphene treatment.
In plain wordsIn men with infertility or hypogonadism, natural FSH levels rose during enclomiphene treatment.
Peptide
Enclomiphene
Outcome
IncreaseFSH
Study
n = 46
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Endocrine and hormones
Studied dose
Dose not stated · at least three monthsAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
The two treatment groups exhibited a significant increase in serum total testosterone, while only EC had a statistically significant increase in FSH and LH.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Materials and methods We retrospectively analyzed ≥18-year-old men presenting with primary infertility, abnormal semen parameters, or hypogonadism who received CC or EC monotherapy for at least three months between January 2021 and December 2022.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3754607602
03HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In men with infertility or hypogonadism, LH increased significantly during enclomiphene treatment.
In plain wordsIn men with infertility or hypogonadism, natural LH levels rose during enclomiphene treatment.
Peptide
Enclomiphene
Outcome
IncreaseLH
Study
n = 46
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Endocrine and hormones
Studied dose
Dose not stated · at least three monthsAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
The two treatment groups exhibited a significant increase in serum total testosterone, while only EC had a statistically significant increase in FSH and LH.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Materials and methods We retrospectively analyzed ≥18-year-old men presenting with primary infertility, abnormal semen parameters, or hypogonadism who received CC or EC monotherapy for at least three months between January 2021 and December 2022.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3754607603
04HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In men with infertility or hypogonadism, semen volume did not significantly change during enclomiphene treatment.
In plain wordsIn men with infertility or hypogonadism, semen volume did not significantly change during enclomiphene treatment.
Peptide
Enclomiphene
Outcome
No significant changeSemen volume
Study
n = 46
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
Dose not stated · at least three monthsAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Semen volume and concentration did not significantly change with either treatment.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Materials and methods We retrospectively analyzed ≥18-year-old men presenting with primary infertility, abnormal semen parameters, or hypogonadism who received CC or EC monotherapy for at least three months between January 2021 and December 2022.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3754607604
05HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In men with infertility or hypogonadism, sperm concentration did not significantly change during enclomiphene treatment.
In plain wordsIn men with infertility or hypogonadism, sperm concentration did not significantly change during enclomiphene treatment.
Peptide
Enclomiphene
Outcome
No significant changeSperm concentration
Study
n = 46
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
Dose not stated · at least three monthsAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Semen volume and concentration did not significantly change with either treatment.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Materials and methods We retrospectively analyzed ≥18-year-old men presenting with primary infertility, abnormal semen parameters, or hypogonadism who received CC or EC monotherapy for at least three months between January 2021 and December 2022.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3754607605
06HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In men with infertility or hypogonadism, sperm motility increased during enclomiphene treatment, as it did during clomiphene treatment.
In plain wordsSperm motility rose during enclomiphene treatment in men with infertility or hypogonadism, as during clomiphene treatment.
Peptide
Enclomiphene
Outcome
IncreaseSperm motility
Study
n = 46
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
Dose not stated · at least three monthsAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Sperm motility increased in both groups, but total motile sperm count (TMSC) only significantly increased in men who received EC.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Materials and methods We retrospectively analyzed ≥18-year-old men presenting with primary infertility, abnormal semen parameters, or hypogonadism who received CC or EC monotherapy for at least three months between January 2021 and December 2022.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3754607606
07HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In men with infertility or hypogonadism, total motile sperm count increased significantly during enclomiphene treatment.
In plain wordsIn men with infertility or hypogonadism, the total count of motile sperm rose during enclomiphene treatment.
Peptide
Enclomiphene
Outcome
IncreaseTotal motile sperm count
Study
n = 46
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
Dose not stated · at least three monthsAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Sperm motility increased in both groups, but total motile sperm count (TMSC) only significantly increased in men who received EC.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Materials and methods We retrospectively analyzed ≥18-year-old men presenting with primary infertility, abnormal semen parameters, or hypogonadism who received CC or EC monotherapy for at least three months between January 2021 and December 2022.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3754607607

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Version 2Current
21 Oct 2026, 15:58 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
21 Oct 2026, 12:50 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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