Zoledronic acid and thymosin α1 elicit antitumor immunity against prostate cancer by enhancing tumor inflammation and cytotoxic T cells.

Wang S, Huang M, Chen M, Sun Z, Jiao Y, Ye G, Pan J, Ye W, Zhao J, Zhang D

Journal for immunotherapy of cancer1 Jun 2023Cited by 16 (Europe PMC)

PMID37295817PMCIDPMC10277537DOI10.1136/jitc-2022-006381PepBankPUB-37295817

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study10

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone10

In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

01HumanNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In a retrospective analysis of patients with advanced or metastatic prostate cancer, ADT combined with ZA plus Tα1 improved therapeutic outcomes.
In plain wordsIn people with advanced prostate cancer, hormone therapy plus zoledronic acid and thymosin alpha‑1 was linked to better outcomes in a retrospective analysis.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
IncreaseTherapeutic outcomes of ADT with ZA plus Tα1
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
In this study, clinical retrospective analysis revealed that ADT combined with ZA plus Tα1 improved the therapeutic outcomes of patients with PCa
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The therapeutic efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and zoledronic acid (ZA) plus thymosin α1 (Tα1) therapy was analyzed retrospectively in patients with advanced or metastatic PCa.
Summary · context
The effects and mechanisms by which ZA and Tα1 regulated the immune functions of PCa cells and immune cells were evaluated by a PCa allograft mouse model, flow cytometric analysis, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining assays, and PCR, ELISA, and Western blot analyses.
In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.
Report a problemFND-3729581701
02HumanNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneObservational studyMechanism
In a retrospective analysis of patients with advanced or metastatic prostate cancer, the improved outcomes with ADT plus ZA and Tα1 might be associated with an enhanced frequency of T cells.
In plain wordsIn people with advanced prostate cancer, better outcomes with hormone therapy plus two drugs may be linked to more T cells.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
IncreaseT cell frequency
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Immune response · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
which might be associated with an enhanced frequency of T cells.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The therapeutic efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and zoledronic acid (ZA) plus thymosin α1 (Tα1) therapy was analyzed retrospectively in patients with advanced or metastatic PCa.
Summary · context
The effects and mechanisms by which ZA and Tα1 regulated the immune functions of PCa cells and immune cells were evaluated by a PCa allograft mouse model, flow cytometric analysis, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining assays, and PCR, ELISA, and Western blot analyses.
In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.
Report a problemFND-3729581702
03AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice with androgen-independent prostate cancer allografts, ZA and Tα1 treatment synergistically inhibited tumor growth.
In plain wordsIn mice with prostate cancer tumors, zoledronic acid together with thymosin alpha‑1 slowed tumor growth.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
DecreaseTumor growth of androgen-independent PCa allografts
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Androgen-independent prostate cancer allograft
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
ZA and Tα1 treatment synergistically inhibited the growth of androgen-independent PCa allograft tumors
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The therapeutic efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and zoledronic acid (ZA) plus thymosin α1 (Tα1) therapy was analyzed retrospectively in patients with advanced or metastatic PCa.
Summary · context
The effects and mechanisms by which ZA and Tα1 regulated the immune functions of PCa cells and immune cells were evaluated by a PCa allograft mouse model, flow cytometric analysis, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining assays, and PCR, ELISA, and Western blot analyses.
In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.
Report a problemFND-3729581703
04AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In mice with prostate cancer allografts, ZA and Tα1 treatment increased infiltration of tumor-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cells.
In plain wordsIn mice with prostate cancer tumors, zoledronic acid with thymosin alpha‑1 brought more cancer-fighting T cells into tumors.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
IncreaseInfiltration of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Androgen-independent prostate cancer allograft
Outcome group
Immune response · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
with increased infiltration of tumor-specific cytotoxic CD8⁺ T cells and enhanced tumor inflammation.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The therapeutic efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and zoledronic acid (ZA) plus thymosin α1 (Tα1) therapy was analyzed retrospectively in patients with advanced or metastatic PCa.
Summary · context
The effects and mechanisms by which ZA and Tα1 regulated the immune functions of PCa cells and immune cells were evaluated by a PCa allograft mouse model, flow cytometric analysis, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining assays, and PCR, ELISA, and Western blot analyses.
In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.
Report a problemFND-3729581704
05AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In mice with prostate cancer allografts, ZA and Tα1 treatment enhanced tumor inflammation.
In plain wordsIn mice with prostate cancer tumors, zoledronic acid with thymosin alpha‑1 increased inflammation inside tumors.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
IncreaseTumor inflammation
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Androgen-independent prostate cancer allograft
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
and enhanced tumor inflammation.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The therapeutic efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and zoledronic acid (ZA) plus thymosin α1 (Tα1) therapy was analyzed retrospectively in patients with advanced or metastatic PCa.
Summary · context
The effects and mechanisms by which ZA and Tα1 regulated the immune functions of PCa cells and immune cells were evaluated by a PCa allograft mouse model, flow cytometric analysis, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining assays, and PCR, ELISA, and Western blot analyses.
In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.
Report a problemFND-3729581705
06LabNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
ZA and Tα1 treatment relieved immunosuppression in prostate cancer cells.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, zoledronic acid with thymosin alpha‑1 reduced the cancer cells' ability to suppress immunity.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
DecreaseImmunosuppression in PCa cells
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Immune response · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Functionally, ZA and Tα1 treatment relieved immunosuppression in PCa cells, stimulated pro-inflammatory macrophages, and enhanced the cytotoxic function of T cells.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The therapeutic efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and zoledronic acid (ZA) plus thymosin α1 (Tα1) therapy was analyzed retrospectively in patients with advanced or metastatic PCa.
Summary · context
The effects and mechanisms by which ZA and Tα1 regulated the immune functions of PCa cells and immune cells were evaluated by a PCa allograft mouse model, flow cytometric analysis, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining assays, and PCR, ELISA, and Western blot analyses.
In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.
Report a problemFND-3729581706
07LabNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
ZA and Tα1 treatment stimulated pro-inflammatory macrophages.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, zoledronic acid with thymosin alpha‑1 stimulated pro-inflammatory macrophages.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
IncreasePro-inflammatory macrophages
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Immune response · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Functionally, ZA and Tα1 treatment relieved immunosuppression in PCa cells, stimulated pro-inflammatory macrophages, and enhanced the cytotoxic function of T cells.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The therapeutic efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and zoledronic acid (ZA) plus thymosin α1 (Tα1) therapy was analyzed retrospectively in patients with advanced or metastatic PCa.
Summary · context
The effects and mechanisms by which ZA and Tα1 regulated the immune functions of PCa cells and immune cells were evaluated by a PCa allograft mouse model, flow cytometric analysis, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining assays, and PCR, ELISA, and Western blot analyses.
In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.
Report a problemFND-3729581707
08LabNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
ZA and Tα1 treatment enhanced the cytotoxic function of T cells.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, zoledronic acid with thymosin alpha‑1 increased the cell-killing function of T cells.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
IncreaseCytotoxic function of T cells
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Immune response · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Functionally, ZA and Tα1 treatment relieved immunosuppression in PCa cells, stimulated pro-inflammatory macrophages, and enhanced the cytotoxic function of T cells.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The therapeutic efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and zoledronic acid (ZA) plus thymosin α1 (Tα1) therapy was analyzed retrospectively in patients with advanced or metastatic PCa.
Summary · context
The effects and mechanisms by which ZA and Tα1 regulated the immune functions of PCa cells and immune cells were evaluated by a PCa allograft mouse model, flow cytometric analysis, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining assays, and PCR, ELISA, and Western blot analyses.
In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.
Report a problemFND-3729581708
09LabNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
ZA plus Tα1 therapy blocked the MyD88/NF-κB pathway in prostate cancer cells.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, zoledronic acid with thymosin alpha‑1 blocked a cell-signaling pathway in prostate cancer cells.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
DecreaseMyD88/NF-κB signaling in PCa cells
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Mechanistically, ZA plus Tα1 therapy blocked the MyD88/NF-κB pathway in PCa cells but activated this signaling in macrophages and T cells, altering the tumor immune landscape to suppress PCa progression.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The therapeutic efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and zoledronic acid (ZA) plus thymosin α1 (Tα1) therapy was analyzed retrospectively in patients with advanced or metastatic PCa.
Summary · context
The effects and mechanisms by which ZA and Tα1 regulated the immune functions of PCa cells and immune cells were evaluated by a PCa allograft mouse model, flow cytometric analysis, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining assays, and PCR, ELISA, and Western blot analyses.
In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.
Report a problemFND-3729581709
10LabNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
ZA plus Tα1 therapy activated the MyD88/NF-κB pathway in macrophages and T cells.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, zoledronic acid with thymosin alpha‑1 switched on a cell-signaling pathway in macrophages and T cells.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
IncreaseMyD88/NF-κB signaling in macrophages and T cells
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Mechanistically, ZA plus Tα1 therapy blocked the MyD88/NF-κB pathway in PCa cells but activated this signaling in macrophages and T cells, altering the tumor immune landscape to suppress PCa progression.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The therapeutic efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and zoledronic acid (ZA) plus thymosin α1 (Tα1) therapy was analyzed retrospectively in patients with advanced or metastatic PCa.
Summary · context
The effects and mechanisms by which ZA and Tα1 regulated the immune functions of PCa cells and immune cells were evaluated by a PCa allograft mouse model, flow cytometric analysis, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining assays, and PCR, ELISA, and Western blot analyses.
In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.
Report a problemFND-3729581710

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 3Current
10 Oct 2026, 08:19 UTC
Study results updated
Version 2
9 Oct 2026, 03:03 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:02 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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