Cerebrolysin alleviates early brain injury after traumatic brain injury by inhibiting neuroinflammation and apoptosis via TLR signaling pathway.

Lu W, Zhu Z, Shi D, Li X, Luo J, Liao X

Acta cirurgica brasileira5 Sept 2022Cited by 23 (Europe PMC)

PMID36074398PMCIDPMC9448247DOI10.1590/acb370605PepBankPUB-36074398

Summary

PurposeTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability. Cerebrolysin (CBL) has been reported to be anti-inflammatory by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, the neuroprotection of CBL in TBI and the potential mechanism are unclear. We aimed to investigate the neuroprotection and mechanisms of CBL in TBI.MethodsThe TBI model was established in strict accordance with the Feeney weight-drop model of focal injury. The neurological score, brain water content, neuroinflammatory cytokine levels, and neuronal damage were evaluated. The involvement of the early brain injury modulatory pathway was also investigated.ResultsFollowing TBI, the results showed that CBL administration increased neurological scores and decreased brain edema by alleviating blood‑brain barrier (BBB) permeability, upregulating tight junction protein (ZO‑1) levels, and decreasing the levels of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α), interleukin‑1β (IL‑1β), IL‑6, and NF‑κB. The TUNEL assay showed that CBL decreased hippocampal neuronal apoptosis after TBI and decreased the protein expression levels of caspase‑3 and Bax, increasing the levels of Bcl‑2. The levels of Toll‑like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 were significantly decreased after CBL treatment. In TBI patients, CBL can also decrease TNF‑α, IL‑1β, IL‑6, and NF‑κB levels. This result indicates that CBL‑mediated inhibition of neuroinflammation and apoptosis ameliorated neuronal death after TBI. The neuroprotective capacity of CBL is partly dependent on the TLR signaling pathway.ConclusionsTaken together, the results of this study indicate that CBL can improve neurological outcomes and reduce neuronal death against neuroinflammation and apoptosis via the TLR signaling pathway in mice.

CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study18

18 results from studies that gave the peptide. 4 results from people.

01HumanOther designMechanism
In TBI patients, Cerebrolysin can decrease TNF-α levels.
In plain wordsIn TBI patients, Cerebrolysin can decrease TNF-α levels.
Peptide
Cerebrolysin
Outcome
DecreasePatient TNF-α
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
In TBI patients, CBL can also decrease TNF‑α, IL‑1β, IL‑6, and NF‑κB levels.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3607439815
02HumanOther designMechanism
In TBI patients, Cerebrolysin can decrease IL-1β levels.
In plain wordsIn TBI patients, Cerebrolysin can decrease IL-1β levels.
Peptide
Cerebrolysin
Outcome
DecreasePatient IL-1β
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
In TBI patients, CBL can also decrease TNF‑α, IL‑1β, IL‑6, and NF‑κB levels.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3607439816
03HumanOther designMechanism
In TBI patients, Cerebrolysin can decrease IL-6 levels.
In plain wordsIn TBI patients, Cerebrolysin can decrease IL-6 levels.
Peptide
Cerebrolysin
Outcome
DecreasePatient IL-6
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
In TBI patients, CBL can also decrease TNF‑α, IL‑1β, IL‑6, and NF‑κB levels.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3607439817
04HumanOther designMechanism
In TBI patients, Cerebrolysin can decrease NF-κB levels.
In plain wordsIn TBI patients, Cerebrolysin can decrease NF-κB levels.
Peptide
Cerebrolysin
Outcome
DecreasePatient NF-κB
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
In TBI patients, CBL can also decrease TNF‑α, IL‑1β, IL‑6, and NF‑κB levels.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3607439818
05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice with TBI, Cerebrolysin increased neurological scores.
In plain wordsIn mice with TBI, Cerebrolysin increased neurological scores.
Peptide
Cerebrolysin
Outcome
IncreaseNeurological score
Study
micen: not reported in source
Feeney weight-drop traumatic brain injury
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Following TBI, the results showed that CBL administration increased neurological scores
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Taken together, the results of this study indicate that CBL can improve neurological outcomes and reduce neuronal death against neuroinflammation and apoptosis via the TLR signaling pathway in mice.
Summary · context
The TBI model was established in strict accordance with the Feeney weight-drop model of focal injury.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3607439801
06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice with TBI, Cerebrolysin decreased brain edema.
In plain wordsIn mice with TBI, Cerebrolysin decreased brain swelling.
Peptide
Cerebrolysin
Outcome
DecreaseBrain edema
Study
micen: not reported in source
Feeney weight-drop traumatic brain injury
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Following TBI, the results showed that CBL administration increased neurological scores and decreased brain edema
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Taken together, the results of this study indicate that CBL can improve neurological outcomes and reduce neuronal death against neuroinflammation and apoptosis via the TLR signaling pathway in mice.
Summary · context
The TBI model was established in strict accordance with the Feeney weight-drop model of focal injury.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3607439802
07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In mice with TBI, Cerebrolysin reduced blood-brain barrier permeability.
In plain wordsIn mice with TBI, Cerebrolysin reduced blood-brain barrier permeability.
Peptide
Cerebrolysin
Outcome
DecreaseBBB permeability
Study
micen: not reported in source
Feeney weight-drop traumatic brain injury
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Following TBI, the results showed that CBL administration increased neurological scores and decreased brain edema by alleviating blood‑brain barrier (BBB) permeability
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Taken together, the results of this study indicate that CBL can improve neurological outcomes and reduce neuronal death against neuroinflammation and apoptosis via the TLR signaling pathway in mice.
Summary · context
The TBI model was established in strict accordance with the Feeney weight-drop model of focal injury.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3607439803
08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In mice with TBI, Cerebrolysin increased ZO-1 protein levels.
In plain wordsIn mice with TBI, Cerebrolysin increased ZO-1 protein levels.
Peptide
Cerebrolysin
Outcome
IncreaseZO-1 protein
Study
micen: not reported in source
Feeney weight-drop traumatic brain injury
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
upregulating tight junction protein (ZO‑1) levels
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Taken together, the results of this study indicate that CBL can improve neurological outcomes and reduce neuronal death against neuroinflammation and apoptosis via the TLR signaling pathway in mice.
Summary · context
The TBI model was established in strict accordance with the Feeney weight-drop model of focal injury.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3607439804
09AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In mice with TBI, Cerebrolysin decreased TNF-α levels.
In plain wordsIn mice with TBI, Cerebrolysin decreased TNF-α levels.
Peptide
Cerebrolysin
Outcome
DecreaseTNF-α
Study
micen: not reported in source
Feeney weight-drop traumatic brain injury
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
and decreasing the levels of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α), interleukin‑1β (IL‑1β), IL‑6, and NF‑κB.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Taken together, the results of this study indicate that CBL can improve neurological outcomes and reduce neuronal death against neuroinflammation and apoptosis via the TLR signaling pathway in mice.
Summary · context
The TBI model was established in strict accordance with the Feeney weight-drop model of focal injury.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3607439805
10AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In mice with TBI, Cerebrolysin decreased IL-1β levels.
In plain wordsIn mice with TBI, Cerebrolysin decreased IL-1β levels.
Peptide
Cerebrolysin
Outcome
DecreaseIL-1β
Study
micen: not reported in source
Feeney weight-drop traumatic brain injury
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
and decreasing the levels of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α), interleukin‑1β (IL‑1β), IL‑6, and NF‑κB.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Taken together, the results of this study indicate that CBL can improve neurological outcomes and reduce neuronal death against neuroinflammation and apoptosis via the TLR signaling pathway in mice.
Summary · context
The TBI model was established in strict accordance with the Feeney weight-drop model of focal injury.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3607439806
11AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In mice with TBI, Cerebrolysin decreased IL-6 levels.
In plain wordsIn mice with TBI, Cerebrolysin decreased IL-6 levels.
Peptide
Cerebrolysin
Outcome
DecreaseIL-6
Study
micen: not reported in source
Feeney weight-drop traumatic brain injury
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
and decreasing the levels of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α), interleukin‑1β (IL‑1β), IL‑6, and NF‑κB.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Taken together, the results of this study indicate that CBL can improve neurological outcomes and reduce neuronal death against neuroinflammation and apoptosis via the TLR signaling pathway in mice.
Summary · context
The TBI model was established in strict accordance with the Feeney weight-drop model of focal injury.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3607439807
12AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In mice with TBI, Cerebrolysin decreased NF-κB levels.
In plain wordsIn mice with TBI, Cerebrolysin decreased NF-κB levels.
Peptide
Cerebrolysin
Outcome
DecreaseNF-κB
Study
micen: not reported in source
Feeney weight-drop traumatic brain injury
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
and decreasing the levels of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α), interleukin‑1β (IL‑1β), IL‑6, and NF‑κB.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Taken together, the results of this study indicate that CBL can improve neurological outcomes and reduce neuronal death against neuroinflammation and apoptosis via the TLR signaling pathway in mice.
Summary · context
The TBI model was established in strict accordance with the Feeney weight-drop model of focal injury.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3607439808
13AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In mice with TBI, Cerebrolysin decreased hippocampal neuronal apoptosis.
In plain wordsIn mice with TBI, Cerebrolysin decreased nerve cell apoptosis in the hippocampus.
Peptide
Cerebrolysin
Outcome
DecreaseHippocampal neuronal apoptosis
Study
micen: not reported in source
Feeney weight-drop traumatic brain injury
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
The TUNEL assay showed that CBL decreased hippocampal neuronal apoptosis after TBI and decreased the protein expression levels of caspase‑3 and Bax, increasing the levels of Bcl‑2.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Taken together, the results of this study indicate that CBL can improve neurological outcomes and reduce neuronal death against neuroinflammation and apoptosis via the TLR signaling pathway in mice.
Summary · context
The TBI model was established in strict accordance with the Feeney weight-drop model of focal injury.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3607439809
14AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In mice with TBI, Cerebrolysin decreased caspase-3 protein expression.
In plain wordsIn mice with TBI, Cerebrolysin decreased caspase-3 protein expression.
Peptide
Cerebrolysin
Outcome
DecreaseCaspase-3 expression
Study
micen: not reported in source
Feeney weight-drop traumatic brain injury
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
The TUNEL assay showed that CBL decreased hippocampal neuronal apoptosis after TBI and decreased the protein expression levels of caspase‑3 and Bax, increasing the levels of Bcl‑2.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Taken together, the results of this study indicate that CBL can improve neurological outcomes and reduce neuronal death against neuroinflammation and apoptosis via the TLR signaling pathway in mice.
Summary · context
The TBI model was established in strict accordance with the Feeney weight-drop model of focal injury.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3607439810
15AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In mice with TBI, Cerebrolysin decreased Bax protein expression.
In plain wordsIn mice with TBI, Cerebrolysin decreased Bax protein expression.
Peptide
Cerebrolysin
Outcome
DecreaseBax expression
Study
micen: not reported in source
Feeney weight-drop traumatic brain injury
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
The TUNEL assay showed that CBL decreased hippocampal neuronal apoptosis after TBI and decreased the protein expression levels of caspase‑3 and Bax, increasing the levels of Bcl‑2.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Taken together, the results of this study indicate that CBL can improve neurological outcomes and reduce neuronal death against neuroinflammation and apoptosis via the TLR signaling pathway in mice.
Summary · context
The TBI model was established in strict accordance with the Feeney weight-drop model of focal injury.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3607439811
16AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In mice with TBI, Cerebrolysin increased Bcl-2 levels.
In plain wordsIn mice with TBI, Cerebrolysin increased Bcl-2 levels.
Peptide
Cerebrolysin
Outcome
IncreaseBcl-2 levels
Study
micen: not reported in source
Feeney weight-drop traumatic brain injury
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
The TUNEL assay showed that CBL decreased hippocampal neuronal apoptosis after TBI and decreased the protein expression levels of caspase‑3 and Bax, increasing the levels of Bcl‑2.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Taken together, the results of this study indicate that CBL can improve neurological outcomes and reduce neuronal death against neuroinflammation and apoptosis via the TLR signaling pathway in mice.
Summary · context
The TBI model was established in strict accordance with the Feeney weight-drop model of focal injury.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3607439812
17AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In mice with TBI, Cerebrolysin decreased TLR2 levels significantly.
In plain wordsIn mice with TBI, Cerebrolysin decreased TLR2 levels.
Peptide
Cerebrolysin
Outcome
DecreaseTLR2 levels
Study
micen: not reported in source
Feeney weight-drop traumatic brain injury
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
The levels of Toll‑like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 were significantly decreased after CBL treatment.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Taken together, the results of this study indicate that CBL can improve neurological outcomes and reduce neuronal death against neuroinflammation and apoptosis via the TLR signaling pathway in mice.
Summary · context
The TBI model was established in strict accordance with the Feeney weight-drop model of focal injury.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3607439813
18AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In mice with TBI, Cerebrolysin decreased TLR4 levels significantly.
In plain wordsIn mice with TBI, Cerebrolysin decreased TLR4 levels.
Peptide
Cerebrolysin
Outcome
DecreaseTLR4 levels
Study
micen: not reported in source
Feeney weight-drop traumatic brain injury
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
The levels of Toll‑like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 were significantly decreased after CBL treatment.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Taken together, the results of this study indicate that CBL can improve neurological outcomes and reduce neuronal death against neuroinflammation and apoptosis via the TLR signaling pathway in mice.
Summary · context
The TBI model was established in strict accordance with the Feeney weight-drop model of focal injury.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3607439814

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Registered trials1

Trials this study reports on, or that list this study as a reference. Registry data from ClinicalTrials.gov.

1 trial · 1 ongoing · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)

Enrolling by invitationNot applicableNCT06677502

Cerebrolysin in Critically Ill Patients With Delirium

Medical University of Lublinn = 5001 Jan 2024 to est. 31 Dec 2025

Cognitive Impairment

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 31 Dec 2024

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
14 Oct 2026, 05:02 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
14 Oct 2026, 01:46 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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