AICAR attenuates postoperative abdominal adhesion formation by inhibiting oxidative stress and promoting mesothelial cell repair.

Wu Y, Duan X, Gao Z, Yang N, Xue F

PloS one1 Sept 2022Cited by 12 (Europe PMC)

PMID36048820PMCIDPMC9436141DOI10.1371/journal.pone.0272928PepBankPUB-36048820

Summary

BackgroundPostoperative abdominal adhesion is one of most common complications after abdominal operations. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) is an adenosine 5'-monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway agonist that inhibits inflammation, reduces cell fibrosis and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) injury, promotes autophagy and mitochondrial function. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of AICAR in inhibiting adhesion formation.Materials and methodsForty rats were randomly divided into five groups. All of the rats except the sham group received cecal abrasion to establish an adhesion model. The rats in the sodium hyaluronate group were treated with 2 mL sodium hyaluronate before closing the peritoneal cavity. The AICAR 1 and 2 groups were treated with 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg AICAR, respectively. Seven days after the operation, all of the rats were euthanized, and the adhesion condition was evaluated by Nair's system. Inflammation was assessed by Eosin-hematoxylin (HE) staining and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1) detection. Oxidative stress effect was determined by ROS, nitric oxide (NO) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in adhesion tissue. Then, Sirius red picric acid staining was used to detect the fiber thickness. Immunohistochemical staining of cytokeratin-19 (CK-19), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was also performed. Finally, HMrSV5 cells were treated with TGF-β1 and AICAR, the mRNA expression of E-cadherin, α-SMA and vimentin was assessed by q-PCR and cellular immunofluorescent staining.ResultsThe rats in the AICAR-treated group had fewer adhesion formation incidences and a reduced Nair's score. The inflammation was determined by HE staining and TGF-β1 concentration. The ROS, SOD, Catalase, Gpx, MDA levels and fiber thickness were decreased by AICAR treatments compared to the control. However, the NO production, Nrf2 levels and peritoneal mesothelial cell integrity were promoted after AICAR treatments. In vitro work, AICAR treatments reduced E-cadherin, α-SMA and vimentin mRNA level compared to that in the TGF-β1 group.ConclusionAICAR can inhibit postoperative adhesion formation by reducing inflammation, decreasing oxidative stress response and promoting peritoneal mesothelial cell repair.

CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study14

14 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats with cecal abrasion, AICAR reduced adhesion formation incidence.
In plain wordsIn rats with cecal abrasion, AICAR reduced abdominal adhesion incidence.
Peptide
AICAR (acadesine)
Outcome
DecreaseAdhesion incidence
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Cecal abrasion adhesion model
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal protection · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
100 or 200 mg/kgAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
The rats in the AICAR-treated group had fewer adhesion formation incidences and a reduced Nair's score.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
All of the rats except the sham group received cecal abrasion to establish an adhesion model.
Summary · context
The AICAR 1 and 2 groups were treated with 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg AICAR, respectively.
Summary · context
Seven days after the operation, all of the rats were euthanized, and the adhesion condition was evaluated by Nair's system.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3604882001
02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats with cecal abrasion, AICAR reduced Nair adhesion scores.
In plain wordsIn rats with cecal abrasion, AICAR reduced adhesion scores.
Peptide
AICAR (acadesine)
Outcome
DecreaseNair adhesion score
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Cecal abrasion adhesion model
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal protection · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
100 or 200 mg/kgAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
The rats in the AICAR-treated group had fewer adhesion formation incidences and a reduced Nair's score.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
All of the rats except the sham group received cecal abrasion to establish an adhesion model.
Summary · context
The AICAR 1 and 2 groups were treated with 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg AICAR, respectively.
Summary · context
Seven days after the operation, all of the rats were euthanized, and the adhesion condition was evaluated by Nair's system.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3604882002
03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rat adhesion tissue, AICAR reduced ROS levels compared with control.
In plain wordsIn rats, AICAR reduced reactive oxygen species in adhesion tissue compared with control.
Peptide
AICAR (acadesine)
Outcome
DecreaseROS levels
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Cecal abrasion adhesion model
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Oxidative stress · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
100 or 200 mg/kgAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
The ROS, SOD, Catalase, Gpx, MDA levels and fiber thickness were decreased by AICAR treatments compared to the control.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
All of the rats except the sham group received cecal abrasion to establish an adhesion model.
Summary · context
The AICAR 1 and 2 groups were treated with 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg AICAR, respectively.
Summary · context
Seven days after the operation, all of the rats were euthanized, and the adhesion condition was evaluated by Nair's system.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3604882003
04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rat adhesion tissue, AICAR reduced SOD levels compared with control.
In plain wordsIn rats, AICAR reduced superoxide dismutase levels in adhesion tissue compared with control.
Peptide
AICAR (acadesine)
Outcome
DecreaseSOD levels
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Cecal abrasion adhesion model
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Oxidative stress · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
100 or 200 mg/kgAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
The ROS, SOD, Catalase, Gpx, MDA levels and fiber thickness were decreased by AICAR treatments compared to the control.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
All of the rats except the sham group received cecal abrasion to establish an adhesion model.
Summary · context
The AICAR 1 and 2 groups were treated with 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg AICAR, respectively.
Summary · context
Seven days after the operation, all of the rats were euthanized, and the adhesion condition was evaluated by Nair's system.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3604882004
05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rat adhesion tissue, AICAR reduced catalase levels compared with control.
In plain wordsIn rats, AICAR reduced catalase levels in adhesion tissue compared with control.
Peptide
AICAR (acadesine)
Outcome
DecreaseCatalase levels
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Cecal abrasion adhesion model
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Oxidative stress · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
100 or 200 mg/kgAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
The ROS, SOD, Catalase, Gpx, MDA levels and fiber thickness were decreased by AICAR treatments compared to the control.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
All of the rats except the sham group received cecal abrasion to establish an adhesion model.
Summary · context
The AICAR 1 and 2 groups were treated with 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg AICAR, respectively.
Summary · context
Seven days after the operation, all of the rats were euthanized, and the adhesion condition was evaluated by Nair's system.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3604882005
06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rat adhesion tissue, AICAR reduced Gpx levels compared with control.
In plain wordsIn rats, AICAR reduced glutathione peroxidase levels in adhesion tissue compared with control.
Peptide
AICAR (acadesine)
Outcome
DecreaseGpx levels
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Cecal abrasion adhesion model
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Oxidative stress · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
100 or 200 mg/kgAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
The ROS, SOD, Catalase, Gpx, MDA levels and fiber thickness were decreased by AICAR treatments compared to the control.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
All of the rats except the sham group received cecal abrasion to establish an adhesion model.
Summary · context
The AICAR 1 and 2 groups were treated with 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg AICAR, respectively.
Summary · context
Seven days after the operation, all of the rats were euthanized, and the adhesion condition was evaluated by Nair's system.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3604882006
07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rat adhesion tissue, AICAR reduced MDA levels compared with control.
In plain wordsIn rats, AICAR reduced malondialdehyde levels in adhesion tissue compared with control.
Peptide
AICAR (acadesine)
Outcome
DecreaseMDA levels
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Cecal abrasion adhesion model
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Oxidative stress · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
100 or 200 mg/kgAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
The ROS, SOD, Catalase, Gpx, MDA levels and fiber thickness were decreased by AICAR treatments compared to the control.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
All of the rats except the sham group received cecal abrasion to establish an adhesion model.
Summary · context
The AICAR 1 and 2 groups were treated with 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg AICAR, respectively.
Summary · context
Seven days after the operation, all of the rats were euthanized, and the adhesion condition was evaluated by Nair's system.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3604882007
08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rat adhesion tissue, AICAR reduced fiber thickness compared with control.
In plain wordsIn rats, AICAR reduced fiber thickness in adhesion tissue compared with control.
Peptide
AICAR (acadesine)
Outcome
DecreaseFiber thickness
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Cecal abrasion adhesion model
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal protection · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
100 or 200 mg/kgAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
The ROS, SOD, Catalase, Gpx, MDA levels and fiber thickness were decreased by AICAR treatments compared to the control.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
All of the rats except the sham group received cecal abrasion to establish an adhesion model.
Summary · context
The AICAR 1 and 2 groups were treated with 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg AICAR, respectively.
Summary · context
Seven days after the operation, all of the rats were euthanized, and the adhesion condition was evaluated by Nair's system.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3604882008
09AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats with abdominal adhesions, AICAR promoted NO production.
In plain wordsIn rats with abdominal adhesions, AICAR increased nitric oxide production.
Peptide
AICAR (acadesine)
Outcome
IncreaseNO production
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Cecal abrasion adhesion model
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
100 or 200 mg/kgAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
However, the NO production, Nrf2 levels and peritoneal mesothelial cell integrity were promoted after AICAR treatments.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
All of the rats except the sham group received cecal abrasion to establish an adhesion model.
Summary · context
The AICAR 1 and 2 groups were treated with 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg AICAR, respectively.
Summary · context
Seven days after the operation, all of the rats were euthanized, and the adhesion condition was evaluated by Nair's system.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3604882009
10AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats with abdominal adhesions, AICAR increased Nrf2 levels.
In plain wordsIn rats with abdominal adhesions, AICAR increased Nrf2 levels.
Peptide
AICAR (acadesine)
Outcome
IncreaseNrf2 levels
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Cecal abrasion adhesion model
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
100 or 200 mg/kgAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
However, the NO production, Nrf2 levels and peritoneal mesothelial cell integrity were promoted after AICAR treatments.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
All of the rats except the sham group received cecal abrasion to establish an adhesion model.
Summary · context
The AICAR 1 and 2 groups were treated with 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg AICAR, respectively.
Summary · context
Seven days after the operation, all of the rats were euthanized, and the adhesion condition was evaluated by Nair's system.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3604882010
11AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats with abdominal adhesions, AICAR promoted peritoneal mesothelial cell integrity.
In plain wordsIn rats with abdominal adhesions, AICAR improved the integrity of cells lining the abdominal cavity.
Peptide
AICAR (acadesine)
Outcome
IncreasePeritoneal mesothelial cell integrity
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Cecal abrasion adhesion model
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal protection · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
100 or 200 mg/kgAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
However, the NO production, Nrf2 levels and peritoneal mesothelial cell integrity were promoted after AICAR treatments.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
All of the rats except the sham group received cecal abrasion to establish an adhesion model.
Summary · context
The AICAR 1 and 2 groups were treated with 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg AICAR, respectively.
Summary · context
Seven days after the operation, all of the rats were euthanized, and the adhesion condition was evaluated by Nair's system.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3604882011
12LabIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
In HMrSV5 cells, AICAR reduced E-cadherin mRNA compared with the TGF-β1 group.
In plain wordsIn cells, AICAR reduced E-cadherin gene activity compared with the TGF-β1 group.
Peptide
AICAR (acadesine)
Outcome
DecreaseE-cadherin mRNA
Study
n: not reported in source
TGF-β1-treated HMrSV5 cells
Comparator
TGF-β1 group
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
In vitro work, AICAR treatments reduced E-cadherin, α-SMA and vimentin mRNA level compared to that in the TGF-β1 group.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Finally, HMrSV5 cells were treated with TGF-β1 and AICAR, the mRNA expression of E-cadherin, α-SMA and vimentin was assessed by q-PCR and cellular immunofluorescent staining.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3604882012
13LabIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
In HMrSV5 cells, AICAR reduced α-SMA mRNA compared with the TGF-β1 group.
In plain wordsIn cells, AICAR reduced α-SMA gene activity compared with the TGF-β1 group.
Peptide
AICAR (acadesine)
Outcome
Decreaseα-SMA mRNA
Study
n: not reported in source
TGF-β1-treated HMrSV5 cells
Comparator
TGF-β1 group
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
In vitro work, AICAR treatments reduced E-cadherin, α-SMA and vimentin mRNA level compared to that in the TGF-β1 group.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Finally, HMrSV5 cells were treated with TGF-β1 and AICAR, the mRNA expression of E-cadherin, α-SMA and vimentin was assessed by q-PCR and cellular immunofluorescent staining.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3604882013
14LabIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
In HMrSV5 cells, AICAR reduced vimentin mRNA compared with the TGF-β1 group.
In plain wordsIn cells, AICAR reduced vimentin gene activity compared with the TGF-β1 group.
Peptide
AICAR (acadesine)
Outcome
DecreaseVimentin mRNA
Study
n: not reported in source
TGF-β1-treated HMrSV5 cells
Comparator
TGF-β1 group
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
In vitro work, AICAR treatments reduced E-cadherin, α-SMA and vimentin mRNA level compared to that in the TGF-β1 group.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Finally, HMrSV5 cells were treated with TGF-β1 and AICAR, the mRNA expression of E-cadherin, α-SMA and vimentin was assessed by q-PCR and cellular immunofluorescent staining.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3604882014

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
21 Oct 2026, 15:58 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
21 Oct 2026, 12:50 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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