Pharmacological hypogonadism impairs molecular transducers of exercise-induced muscle growth in humans.

Gharahdaghi N, Rudrappa S, Brook MS, Farrash W, Idris I, Aziz MHA, Kadi F, Papaioannou K, Phillips BE, Sian T, Herrod PJ, Wilkinson DJ, Szewczyk NJ, Smith K, Atherton PJ

Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle1 Mar 2022Cited by 18 (Europe PMC)

PMID35233984PMCIDPMC8977972DOI10.1002/jcsm.12843PepBankPUB-35233984

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Summary

BackgroundThe relative role of skeletal muscle mechano-transduction in comparison with systemic hormones, such as testosterone (T), in regulating hypertrophic responses to exercise is contentious. We investigated the mechanistic effects of chemical endogenous T depletion adjuvant to 6 weeks of resistance exercise training (RET) on muscle mass, function, myogenic regulatory factors, and muscle anabolic signalling in younger men.MethodsNon-hypogonadal men (n = 16; 18-30 years) were randomized in a double-blinded fashion to receive placebo (P, saline n = 8) or the GnRH analogue, Goserelin [Zoladex (Z), 3.6 mg, n = 8], injections, before 6 weeks of supervised whole-body RET. Participants underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), ultrasound of m. vastus lateralis (VL), and VL biopsies for assessment of cumulative muscle protein synthesis (MPS), myogenic gene expression, and anabolic signalling pathway responses.ResultsZoladex suppressed endogenous T to within the hypogonadal range and was well tolerated; suppression was associated with blunted fat free mass [Z: 55.4 ± 2.8 to 55.8 ± 3.1 kg, P = 0.61 vs. P: 55.9 ± 1.7 to 57.4 ± 1.7 kg, P = 0.006, effect size (ES) = 0.31], composite strength (Z: 40 ± 2.3% vs. P: 49.8 ± 3.3%, P = 0.03, ES = 1.4), and muscle thickness (Z: 2.7 ± 0.4 to 2.69 ± 0.36 cm, P > 0.99 vs. P: 2.74 ± 0.32 to 2.91 ± 0.32 cm, P < 0.0001, ES = 0.48) gains. Hypogonadism attenuated molecular transducers of muscle growth related to T metabolism (e.g. androgen receptor: Z: 1.2 fold, P > 0.99 vs. P: 1.9 fold, P < 0.0001, ES = 0.85), anabolism/myogenesis (e.g. IGF-1Ea: Z: 1.9 fold, P = 0.5 vs. P: 3.3 fold, P = 0.0005, ES = 0.72; IGF-1Ec: Z: 2 fold, P > 0.99 vs. P: 4.7 fold, P = 0.0005, ES = 0.68; myogenin: Z: 1.3 fold, P > 0.99 vs. P: 2.7 fold, P = 0.002, ES = 0.72), RNA/DNA (Z: 0.47 ± 0.03 to 0.53 ± 0.03, P = 0.31 vs. P: 0.50 ± 0.01 to 0.64 ± 0.04, P = 0.003, ES = 0.72), and RNA/ASP (Z: 5.8 ± 0.4 to 6.8 ± 0.5, P > 0.99 vs. P: 6.5 ± 0.2 to 8.9 ± 1.1, P = 0.008, ES = 0.63) ratios, as well as acute RET-induced phosphorylation of growth signalling proteins (e.g. AKT^ser473 : Z: 2.74 ± 0.6, P = 0.2 vs. P: 5.5 ± 1.1 fold change, P < 0.001, ES = 0.54 and mTORC1^ser2448 : Z: 1.9 ± 0.8, P > 0.99 vs. P: 3.6 ± 1 fold change, P = 0.002, ES = 0.53). Both MPS (Z: 1.45 ± 0.11 to 1.50 ± 0.06%·day^-1 , P = 0.99 vs. P: 1.5 ± 0.12 to 2.0 ± 0.15%·day^-1 , P = 0.01, ES = 0.97) and (extrapolated) muscle protein breakdown (Z: 93.16 ± 7.8 vs. P: 129.1 ± 13.8 g·day^-1 , P = 0.04, ES = 0.92) were reduced with hypogonadism result in lower net protein turnover (3.9 ± 1.1 vs. 1.2 ± 1.1 g·day^-1 , P = 0.04, ES = 0.95).ConclusionsWe conclude that endogenous T sufficiency has a central role in the up-regulation of molecular transducers of RET-induced muscle hypertrophy in humans that cannot be overcome by muscle mechano-transduction alone.

CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study16

16 results from studies that gave the peptide. 16 results from people.

01HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In younger men undergoing resistance training, goserelin blunted fat-free mass gains compared with placebo.
In plain wordsIn younger men undergoing resistance training, goserelin reduced gains in fat-free mass compared with placebo.
Peptide
Goserelin
Outcome
DecreaseFat-free mass gains
Study
n = 16
Comparator
Saline placebo
Outcome group
Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
3.6 mg · injectionAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Fat-free mass
55.4 kg
goserelin baseline ± 2.8
Fat-free mass
55.8 kg
goserelin after training ± 3.1
P
0.61
goserelin change
Fat-free mass
55.9 kg
placebo baseline ± 1.7
Fat-free mass
57.4 kg
placebo after training ± 1.7
P
0.006
placebo change
Effect size
0.31
between groups
Source sentences
Summary
suppression was associated with blunted fat free mass [Z: 55.4 ± 2.8 to 55.8 ± 3.1 kg, P = 0.61 vs. P: 55.9 ± 1.7 to 57.4 ± 1.7 kg, P = 0.006, effect size (ES) = 0.31]
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Non-hypogonadal men (n = 16; 18-30 years) were randomized in a double-blinded fashion to receive placebo (P, saline n = 8) or the GnRH analogue, Goserelin [Zoladex (Z), 3.6 mg, n = 8], injections, before 6 weeks of supervised whole-body RET.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3523398403
02HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In younger men undergoing resistance training, goserelin blunted composite strength gains compared with placebo.
In plain wordsIn younger men undergoing resistance training, goserelin reduced strength gains compared with placebo.
Peptide
Goserelin
Outcome
DecreaseComposite strength gains
Study
n = 16
Comparator
Saline placebo
Outcome group
Exercise and physical function · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
3.6 mg · injectionAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Strength gain
40%
goserelin; ± 2.3
Strength gain
49.8%
placebo; ± 3.3
P
0.03
comparison
Effect size
1.4
comparison
Source sentences
Summary
composite strength (Z: 40 ± 2.3% vs. P: 49.8 ± 3.3%, P = 0.03, ES = 1.4)
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Non-hypogonadal men (n = 16; 18-30 years) were randomized in a double-blinded fashion to receive placebo (P, saline n = 8) or the GnRH analogue, Goserelin [Zoladex (Z), 3.6 mg, n = 8], injections, before 6 weeks of supervised whole-body RET.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3523398404
03HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In younger men undergoing resistance training, goserelin blunted muscle thickness gains compared with placebo.
In plain wordsIn younger men undergoing resistance training, goserelin reduced muscle thickness gains compared with placebo.
Peptide
Goserelin
Outcome
DecreaseMuscle thickness gains
Study
n = 16
Comparator
Saline placebo
Outcome group
Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
3.6 mg · injectionAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Muscle thickness
2.7 cm
goserelin baseline; dispersion 0.4
Muscle thickness
2.69 cm
goserelin final; dispersion 0.36; P > 0.99
Muscle thickness
2.74 cm
placebo baseline; dispersion 0.32
Muscle thickness
2.91 cm
placebo final; dispersion 0.32; P < 0.0001
Effect size
0.48
comparison
Source sentences
Summary
and muscle thickness (Z: 2.7 ± 0.4 to 2.69 ± 0.36 cm, P > 0.99 vs. P: 2.74 ± 0.32 to 2.91 ± 0.32 cm, P < 0.0001, ES = 0.48) gains.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Non-hypogonadal men (n = 16; 18-30 years) were randomized in a double-blinded fashion to receive placebo (P, saline n = 8) or the GnRH analogue, Goserelin [Zoladex (Z), 3.6 mg, n = 8], injections, before 6 weeks of supervised whole-body RET.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3523398405
04HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In younger men undergoing resistance training, goserelin-induced hypogonadism attenuated the androgen receptor response compared with placebo.
In plain wordsIn younger men undergoing resistance training, goserelin reduced the androgen receptor response compared with placebo.
Peptide
Goserelin
Outcome
DecreaseAndrogen receptor response
Study
n = 16
Comparator
Saline placebo
Outcome group
Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
3.6 mg · injectionAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Response
1.2 fold
goserelin; P > 0.99
Response
1.9 fold
placebo; P < 0.0001
Effect size
0.85
comparison
Source sentences
Summary
Hypogonadism attenuated molecular transducers of muscle growth related to T metabolism (e.g. androgen receptor: Z: 1.2 fold, P > 0.99 vs. P: 1.9 fold, P < 0.0001, ES = 0.85)
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Non-hypogonadal men (n = 16; 18-30 years) were randomized in a double-blinded fashion to receive placebo (P, saline n = 8) or the GnRH analogue, Goserelin [Zoladex (Z), 3.6 mg, n = 8], injections, before 6 weeks of supervised whole-body RET.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3523398406
05HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In younger men undergoing resistance training, goserelin-induced hypogonadism attenuated the IGF-1Ea response compared with placebo.
In plain wordsIn younger men undergoing resistance training, goserelin reduced the IGF-1Ea response compared with placebo.
Peptide
Goserelin
Outcome
DecreaseIGF-1Ea response
Study
n = 16
Comparator
Saline placebo
Outcome group
Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
3.6 mg · injectionAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Response
1.9 fold
goserelin; P = 0.5
Response
3.3 fold
placebo; P = 0.0005
Effect size
0.72
comparison
Source sentences
Summary
anabolism/myogenesis (e.g. IGF-1Ea: Z: 1.9 fold, P = 0.5 vs. P: 3.3 fold, P = 0.0005, ES = 0.72;
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Non-hypogonadal men (n = 16; 18-30 years) were randomized in a double-blinded fashion to receive placebo (P, saline n = 8) or the GnRH analogue, Goserelin [Zoladex (Z), 3.6 mg, n = 8], injections, before 6 weeks of supervised whole-body RET.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3523398407
06HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In younger men undergoing resistance training, goserelin-induced hypogonadism attenuated the IGF-1Ec response compared with placebo.
In plain wordsIn younger men undergoing resistance training, goserelin reduced the IGF-1Ec response compared with placebo.
Peptide
Goserelin
Outcome
DecreaseIGF-1Ec response
Study
n = 16
Comparator
Saline placebo
Outcome group
Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
3.6 mg · injectionAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Response
2 fold
goserelin; P > 0.99
Response
4.7 fold
placebo; P = 0.0005
Effect size
0.68
comparison
Source sentences
Summary
IGF-1Ec: Z: 2 fold, P > 0.99 vs. P: 4.7 fold, P = 0.0005, ES = 0.68;
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Non-hypogonadal men (n = 16; 18-30 years) were randomized in a double-blinded fashion to receive placebo (P, saline n = 8) or the GnRH analogue, Goserelin [Zoladex (Z), 3.6 mg, n = 8], injections, before 6 weeks of supervised whole-body RET.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3523398408
07HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In younger men undergoing resistance training, goserelin-induced hypogonadism attenuated the myogenin response compared with placebo.
In plain wordsIn younger men undergoing resistance training, goserelin reduced the myogenin response compared with placebo.
Peptide
Goserelin
Outcome
DecreaseMyogenin response
Study
n = 16
Comparator
Saline placebo
Outcome group
Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
3.6 mg · injectionAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Response
1.3 fold
goserelin; P > 0.99
Response
2.7 fold
placebo; P = 0.002
Effect size
0.72
comparison
Source sentences
Summary
myogenin: Z: 1.3 fold, P > 0.99 vs. P: 2.7 fold, P = 0.002, ES = 0.72)
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Non-hypogonadal men (n = 16; 18-30 years) were randomized in a double-blinded fashion to receive placebo (P, saline n = 8) or the GnRH analogue, Goserelin [Zoladex (Z), 3.6 mg, n = 8], injections, before 6 weeks of supervised whole-body RET.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3523398409
08HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In younger men undergoing resistance training, goserelin-induced hypogonadism attenuated RNA/DNA ratio gains compared with placebo.
In plain wordsIn younger men undergoing resistance training, goserelin reduced RNA/DNA ratio gains compared with placebo.
Peptide
Goserelin
Outcome
DecreaseRNA/DNA ratio response
Study
n = 16
Comparator
Saline placebo
Outcome group
Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
3.6 mg · injectionAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
RNA/DNA
0.47
goserelin baseline ± 0.03
RNA/DNA
0.53
goserelin final ± 0.03; P = 0.31
RNA/DNA
0.5
placebo baseline ± 0.01
RNA/DNA
0.64
placebo final ± 0.04; P = 0.003
Effect size
0.72
comparison
Source sentences
Summary
RNA/DNA (Z: 0.47 ± 0.03 to 0.53 ± 0.03, P = 0.31 vs. P: 0.50 ± 0.01 to 0.64 ± 0.04, P = 0.003, ES = 0.72),
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Non-hypogonadal men (n = 16; 18-30 years) were randomized in a double-blinded fashion to receive placebo (P, saline n = 8) or the GnRH analogue, Goserelin [Zoladex (Z), 3.6 mg, n = 8], injections, before 6 weeks of supervised whole-body RET.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3523398410
09HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In younger men undergoing resistance training, goserelin-induced hypogonadism attenuated RNA/ASP ratio gains compared with placebo.
In plain wordsIn younger men undergoing resistance training, goserelin reduced RNA/ASP ratio gains compared with placebo.
Peptide
Goserelin
Outcome
DecreaseRNA/ASP ratio response
Study
n = 16
Comparator
Saline placebo
Outcome group
Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
3.6 mg · injectionAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
RNA/ASP
5.8
goserelin baseline ± 0.4
RNA/ASP
6.8
goserelin final ± 0.5; P > 0.99
RNA/ASP
6.5
placebo baseline ± 0.2
RNA/ASP
8.9
placebo final ± 1.1; P = 0.008
Effect size
0.63
comparison
Source sentences
Summary
and RNA/ASP (Z: 5.8 ± 0.4 to 6.8 ± 0.5, P > 0.99 vs. P: 6.5 ± 0.2 to 8.9 ± 1.1, P = 0.008, ES = 0.63) ratios,
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Non-hypogonadal men (n = 16; 18-30 years) were randomized in a double-blinded fashion to receive placebo (P, saline n = 8) or the GnRH analogue, Goserelin [Zoladex (Z), 3.6 mg, n = 8], injections, before 6 weeks of supervised whole-body RET.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3523398411
10HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In younger men undergoing resistance training, goserelin-induced hypogonadism attenuated acute exercise-induced AKT phosphorylation compared with placebo.
In plain wordsIn younger men undergoing resistance training, goserelin reduced the AKT phosphorylation response compared with placebo.
Peptide
Goserelin
Outcome
DecreaseAKT ser473 phosphorylation
Study
n = 16
Comparator
Saline placebo
Outcome group
Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
3.6 mg · injectionAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Phosphorylation
2.74 fold
goserelin ± 0.6; P = 0.2
Phosphorylation
5.5 fold
placebo ± 1.1; P < 0.001
Effect size
0.54
comparison
Source sentences
Summary
as well as acute RET-induced phosphorylation of growth signalling proteins (e.g. AKT^ser473 : Z: 2.74 ± 0.6, P = 0.2 vs. P: 5.5 ± 1.1 fold change, P < 0.001, ES = 0.54
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Non-hypogonadal men (n = 16; 18-30 years) were randomized in a double-blinded fashion to receive placebo (P, saline n = 8) or the GnRH analogue, Goserelin [Zoladex (Z), 3.6 mg, n = 8], injections, before 6 weeks of supervised whole-body RET.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3523398412
11HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In younger men undergoing resistance training, goserelin-induced hypogonadism attenuated acute exercise-induced mTORC1 phosphorylation compared with placebo.
In plain wordsIn younger men undergoing resistance training, goserelin reduced the mTORC1 phosphorylation response compared with placebo.
Peptide
Goserelin
Outcome
DecreasemTORC1 ser2448 phosphorylation
Study
n = 16
Comparator
Saline placebo
Outcome group
Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
3.6 mg · injectionAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Phosphorylation
1.9 fold
goserelin ± 0.8; P > 0.99
Phosphorylation
3.6 fold
placebo ± 1; P = 0.002
Effect size
0.53
comparison
Source sentences
Summary
and mTORC1^ser2448 : Z: 1.9 ± 0.8, P > 0.99 vs. P: 3.6 ± 1 fold change, P = 0.002, ES = 0.53).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Non-hypogonadal men (n = 16; 18-30 years) were randomized in a double-blinded fashion to receive placebo (P, saline n = 8) or the GnRH analogue, Goserelin [Zoladex (Z), 3.6 mg, n = 8], injections, before 6 weeks of supervised whole-body RET.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3523398413
12HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In younger men undergoing resistance training, goserelin-induced hypogonadism reduced muscle protein synthesis compared with placebo.
In plain wordsIn younger men undergoing resistance training, goserelin reduced muscle protein synthesis compared with placebo.
Peptide
Goserelin
Outcome
DecreaseMuscle protein synthesis
Study
n = 16
Comparator
Saline placebo
Outcome group
Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
3.6 mg · injectionAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
MPS
1.45 % per day
goserelin baseline ± 0.11
MPS
1.5 % per day
goserelin final ± 0.06; P = 0.99
MPS
1.5 % per day
placebo baseline ± 0.12
MPS
2 % per day
placebo final ± 0.15; P = 0.01
Effect size
0.97
comparison
Source sentences
Summary
Both MPS (Z: 1.45 ± 0.11 to 1.50 ± 0.06%·day^-1 , P = 0.99 vs. P: 1.5 ± 0.12 to 2.0 ± 0.15%·day^-1 , P = 0.01, ES = 0.97)
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Non-hypogonadal men (n = 16; 18-30 years) were randomized in a double-blinded fashion to receive placebo (P, saline n = 8) or the GnRH analogue, Goserelin [Zoladex (Z), 3.6 mg, n = 8], injections, before 6 weeks of supervised whole-body RET.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3523398414
13HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In younger men undergoing resistance training, goserelin-induced hypogonadism reduced extrapolated muscle protein breakdown compared with placebo.
In plain wordsIn younger men undergoing resistance training, goserelin reduced estimated muscle protein breakdown compared with placebo.
Peptide
Goserelin
Outcome
DecreaseExtrapolated muscle protein breakdown
Study
n = 16
Comparator
Saline placebo
Outcome group
Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
3.6 mg · injectionAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Protein breakdown
93.16 g per day
goserelin ± 7.8
Protein breakdown
129.1 g per day
placebo ± 13.8
P
0.04
comparison
Effect size
0.92
comparison
Source sentences
Summary
and (extrapolated) muscle protein breakdown (Z: 93.16 ± 7.8 vs. P: 129.1 ± 13.8 g·day^-1 , P = 0.04, ES = 0.92) were reduced with hypogonadism
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Non-hypogonadal men (n = 16; 18-30 years) were randomized in a double-blinded fashion to receive placebo (P, saline n = 8) or the GnRH analogue, Goserelin [Zoladex (Z), 3.6 mg, n = 8], injections, before 6 weeks of supervised whole-body RET.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3523398415
14HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In younger men undergoing resistance training, goserelin-induced hypogonadism lowered net protein turnover compared with placebo.
In plain wordsIn younger men undergoing resistance training, goserelin reduced net protein turnover compared with placebo.
Peptide
Goserelin
Outcome
DecreaseNet protein turnover
Study
n = 16
Comparator
Saline placebo
Outcome group
Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
3.6 mg · injectionAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Net protein turnover
3.9 g per day
first reported value ± 1.1; arm order unclear
Net protein turnover
1.2 g per day
second reported value ± 1.1; arm order unclear
P
0.04
comparison
Effect size
0.95
comparison
Source sentences
Summary
result in lower net protein turnover (3.9 ± 1.1 vs. 1.2 ± 1.1 g·day^-1 , P = 0.04, ES = 0.95).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Non-hypogonadal men (n = 16; 18-30 years) were randomized in a double-blinded fashion to receive placebo (P, saline n = 8) or the GnRH analogue, Goserelin [Zoladex (Z), 3.6 mg, n = 8], injections, before 6 weeks of supervised whole-body RET.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3523398416
15HumanNon-randomized trialMechanism
In younger non-hypogonadal men undergoing resistance training, goserelin suppressed testosterone into the hypogonadal range.
In plain wordsIn younger men undergoing resistance training, goserelin reduced testosterone into the low range.
Peptide
Goserelin
Outcome
DecreaseTestosterone suppression
Study
n = 8
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Endocrine and hormones
Studied dose
3.6 mg · injectionAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Zoladex suppressed endogenous T to within the hypogonadal range
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Non-hypogonadal men (n = 16; 18-30 years) were randomized in a double-blinded fashion to receive placebo (P, saline n = 8) or the GnRH analogue, Goserelin [Zoladex (Z), 3.6 mg, n = 8], injections, before 6 weeks of supervised whole-body RET.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3523398401
16HumanNon-randomized trialSafety outcome
In younger men undergoing resistance training, goserelin was well tolerated.
In plain wordsIn younger men undergoing resistance training, goserelin was well tolerated.
Peptide
Goserelin
Outcome
Not applicableTolerability
Study
n = 8
Outcome group
Adverse events · Whole body
Studied dose
3.6 mg · injectionAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Zoladex suppressed endogenous T to within the hypogonadal range and was well tolerated;
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Non-hypogonadal men (n = 16; 18-30 years) were randomized in a double-blinded fashion to receive placebo (P, saline n = 8) or the GnRH analogue, Goserelin [Zoladex (Z), 3.6 mg, n = 8], injections, before 6 weeks of supervised whole-body RET.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3523398402

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 3Current
28 Oct 2026, 02:03 UTC
Study results updated
Version 2
27 Oct 2026, 16:35 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 1
13 Oct 2026, 16:31 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Pharmacological hypogonadism impairs molecular transducers of exercise-induced muscle growth in humans.

Summary

Results from this study16

Version history

Subjects

Publication types

MeSH terms

Keywords