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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2021

17 results

Dulaglutide improves muscle function by attenuating inflammation through OPA-1-TLR-9 signaling in aged mice.

Khin PP, Hong Y, Yeon M, Lee DH, Lee JH, Jun HS

Aging19 Sept 2021Cited by 32 (Europe PMC)

Summary

Dulaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist, is widely used to treat diabetes. However, its effects on muscle wasting due to aging are poorly understood. In the current study, we investigated the therapeutic potential and underlying mechanism of dulaglutide in muscle wasting in aged mice. Dulaglutide improved muscle mass and strength in aged mice. Histological analysis revealed that the cross-sectional area of the tibialis anterior (TA) in the dulaglutide-treated group was thicker than that in the vehicle group. Moreover, dulaglutide increased the shift toward middle and large-sized fibers in both young and aged mice compared to the vehicle. Dulaglutide increased myofiber type I and type IIa in young (18.5% and 8.2%) and aged (1.8% and 19.7%) mice, respectively, compared to the vehicle group. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, decreased but increased by dulaglutide in aged mice. The expression of atrophic factors such as myostatin, atrogin-1, and muscle RING-finger protein-1 was decreased in aged mice, whereas that of the myogenic factor, MyoD, was increased in both young and aged mice following dulaglutide treatment. In aged mice, optic atrophy-1 (OPA-1) protein was decreased, whereas Toll-like receptor-9 (TLR-9) and its targeting inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 [IL-6] and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]) were elevated in the TA and quadriceps (QD) muscles. In contrast, dulaglutide administration reversed this expression pattern, thereby significantly attenuating the expression of inflammatory cytokines in aged mice. These data suggest that dulaglutide may exert beneficial effects in the treatment of muscle wasting due to aging.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study17

17 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In aged mice, dulaglutide improved muscle mass.

    In plain wordsIn aged mice, dulaglutide improved muscle mass compared with vehicle.

    Outcome
    IncreaseMuscle mass
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Aging muscle
    Comparator
    Vehicle
    Outcome group
    Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Dulaglutide improved muscle mass and strength in aged mice.
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In aged mice, dulaglutide improved muscle strength.

    In plain wordsIn aged mice, dulaglutide improved muscle strength compared with vehicle.

    Outcome
    IncreaseMuscle strength
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Aging muscle
    Comparator
    Vehicle
    Outcome group
    Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Dulaglutide improved muscle mass and strength in aged mice.
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In aged mice, dulaglutide increased tibialis anterior cross-sectional area versus vehicle.

    In plain wordsIn aged mice, dulaglutide increased muscle cross-sectional area compared with vehicle.

    Outcome
    IncreaseTA cross-sectional area
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Aging muscle
    Comparator
    Vehicle
    Outcome group
    Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Histological analysis revealed that the cross-sectional area of the tibialis anterior (TA) in the dulaglutide-treated group was thicker than that in the vehicle group.
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In young and aged mice, dulaglutide shifted fibers toward middle and large sizes versus vehicle.

    In plain wordsIn young and aged mice, dulaglutide increased the shift toward larger muscle fibers compared with vehicle.

    Outcome
    IncreaseFiber size distribution
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Aging muscle
    Comparator
    Vehicle
    Outcome group
    Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Moreover, dulaglutide increased the shift toward middle and large-sized fibers in both young and aged mice compared to the vehicle.
  5. 05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In young mice, dulaglutide increased type I myofibers by 18.5% versus vehicle.

    In plain wordsIn young mice, dulaglutide increased type I muscle fibers compared with vehicle.

    Outcome
    IncreaseType I fibers in young mice
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Aging muscle
    Comparator
    Vehicle
    Outcome group
    Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Dulaglutide increased myofiber type I and type IIa in young (18.5% and 8.2%) and aged (1.8% and 19.7%) mice, respectively, compared to the vehicle group.
  6. 06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In young mice, dulaglutide increased type IIa myofibers by 8.2% versus vehicle.

    In plain wordsIn young mice, dulaglutide increased type IIa muscle fibers compared with vehicle.

    Outcome
    IncreaseType IIa fibers in young mice
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Aging muscle
    Comparator
    Vehicle
    Outcome group
    Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Dulaglutide increased myofiber type I and type IIa in young (18.5% and 8.2%) and aged (1.8% and 19.7%) mice, respectively, compared to the vehicle group.
  7. 07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In aged mice, dulaglutide increased type I myofibers by 1.8% versus vehicle.

    In plain wordsIn aged mice, dulaglutide increased type I muscle fibers compared with vehicle.

    Outcome
    IncreaseType I fibers in aged mice
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Aging muscle
    Comparator
    Vehicle
    Outcome group
    Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Dulaglutide increased myofiber type I and type IIa in young (18.5% and 8.2%) and aged (1.8% and 19.7%) mice, respectively, compared to the vehicle group.
  8. 08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In aged mice, dulaglutide increased type IIa myofibers by 19.7% versus vehicle.

    In plain wordsIn aged mice, dulaglutide increased type IIa muscle fibers compared with vehicle.

    Outcome
    IncreaseType IIa fibers in aged mice
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Aging muscle
    Comparator
    Vehicle
    Outcome group
    Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Dulaglutide increased myofiber type I and type IIa in young (18.5% and 8.2%) and aged (1.8% and 19.7%) mice, respectively, compared to the vehicle group.
  9. 09AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In aged mice, dulaglutide increased PGC-1α.

    In plain wordsIn aged mice, dulaglutide increased PGC-1α compared with vehicle.

    Outcome
    IncreasePGC-1α
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Aging muscle
    Comparator
    Vehicle
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, decreased but increased by dulaglutide in aged mice.
  10. 10AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In aged mice, dulaglutide decreased myostatin expression.

    In plain wordsIn aged mice, dulaglutide reduced myostatin expression compared with vehicle.

    Outcome
    DecreaseMyostatin expression
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Aging muscle
    Comparator
    Vehicle
    Outcome group
    Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The expression of atrophic factors such as myostatin, atrogin-1, and muscle RING-finger protein-1 was decreased in aged mice, whereas that of the myogenic factor, MyoD, was increased in both young and aged mice following dulaglutide treatment.
  11. 11AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In aged mice, dulaglutide decreased atrogin-1 expression.

    In plain wordsIn aged mice, dulaglutide reduced atrogin-1 expression compared with vehicle.

    Outcome
    DecreaseAtrogin-1 expression
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Aging muscle
    Comparator
    Vehicle
    Outcome group
    Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The expression of atrophic factors such as myostatin, atrogin-1, and muscle RING-finger protein-1 was decreased in aged mice, whereas that of the myogenic factor, MyoD, was increased in both young and aged mice following dulaglutide treatment.
  12. 12AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In aged mice, dulaglutide decreased muscle RING-finger protein-1 expression.

    In plain wordsIn aged mice, dulaglutide reduced muscle RING-finger protein-1 expression compared with vehicle.

    Outcome
    DecreaseMuscle RING-finger protein-1 expression
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Aging muscle
    Comparator
    Vehicle
    Outcome group
    Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The expression of atrophic factors such as myostatin, atrogin-1, and muscle RING-finger protein-1 was decreased in aged mice, whereas that of the myogenic factor, MyoD, was increased in both young and aged mice following dulaglutide treatment.
  13. 13AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In young and aged mice, dulaglutide increased MyoD expression.

    In plain wordsIn young and aged mice, dulaglutide increased MyoD expression compared with vehicle.

    Outcome
    IncreaseMyoD expression
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Aging muscle
    Comparator
    Vehicle
    Outcome group
    Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The expression of atrophic factors such as myostatin, atrogin-1, and muscle RING-finger protein-1 was decreased in aged mice, whereas that of the myogenic factor, MyoD, was increased in both young and aged mice following dulaglutide treatment.
  14. 14AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In aged mice, dulaglutide reversed the decrease in OPA-1 protein in muscles.

    In plain wordsIn aged mice, dulaglutide reversed the decrease in muscle OPA-1 protein compared with vehicle.

    Outcome
    IncreaseOPA-1 protein
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Aging muscle
    Comparator
    Vehicle
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In contrast, dulaglutide administration reversed this expression pattern, thereby significantly attenuating the expression of inflammatory cytokines in aged mice.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In aged mice, optic atrophy-1 (OPA-1) protein was decreased, whereas Toll-like receptor-9 (TLR-9) and its targeting inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 [IL-6] and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]) were elevated in the TA and quadriceps (QD) muscles.
  15. 15AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In aged mice, dulaglutide reversed elevated muscle TLR-9 expression.

    In plain wordsIn aged mice, dulaglutide reversed increased muscle TLR-9 expression compared with vehicle.

    Outcome
    DecreaseTLR-9 expression
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Aging muscle
    Comparator
    Vehicle
    Outcome group
    Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In contrast, dulaglutide administration reversed this expression pattern, thereby significantly attenuating the expression of inflammatory cytokines in aged mice.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In aged mice, optic atrophy-1 (OPA-1) protein was decreased, whereas Toll-like receptor-9 (TLR-9) and its targeting inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 [IL-6] and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]) were elevated in the TA and quadriceps (QD) muscles.
  16. 16AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In aged mice, dulaglutide attenuated muscle IL-6 expression.

    In plain wordsIn aged mice, dulaglutide reduced muscle IL-6 expression compared with vehicle.

    Outcome
    DecreaseIL-6 expression
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Aging muscle
    Comparator
    Vehicle
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In contrast, dulaglutide administration reversed this expression pattern, thereby significantly attenuating the expression of inflammatory cytokines in aged mice.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In aged mice, optic atrophy-1 (OPA-1) protein was decreased, whereas Toll-like receptor-9 (TLR-9) and its targeting inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 [IL-6] and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]) were elevated in the TA and quadriceps (QD) muscles.
  17. 17AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In aged mice, dulaglutide attenuated muscle TNF-α expression.

    In plain wordsIn aged mice, dulaglutide reduced muscle TNF-α expression compared with vehicle.

    Outcome
    DecreaseTNF-α expression
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Aging muscle
    Comparator
    Vehicle
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In contrast, dulaglutide administration reversed this expression pattern, thereby significantly attenuating the expression of inflammatory cytokines in aged mice.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In aged mice, optic atrophy-1 (OPA-1) protein was decreased, whereas Toll-like receptor-9 (TLR-9) and its targeting inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 [IL-6] and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]) were elevated in the TA and quadriceps (QD) muscles.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    22 Oct 2026, 02:25 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

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