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Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 2021

2 results

Oxytocin levels in individuals with schizophrenia are high in cerebrospinal fluid but low in serum: A systematic review and meta-analysis : Oxytocin and Schizophrenia.

Hernández-Díaz Y, González-Castro TB, Tovilla-Zárate CA, López-Narváez ML, Genis-Mendoza AD, Castillo-Avila RG, Castillo-Avila RG, Ramos-Méndez MÁ, Juárez-Rojop IE

Metabolic brain disease8 Sept 2021Cited by 14 (Europe PMC)

PMID34495462 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1007/s11011-021-00836-y (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-34495462
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study2

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured2

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01HumanEndogenous levelSystematic reviewOther

    In a meta-analysis, serum oxytocin levels were significantly lower in individuals with schizophrenia than in the comparison group.

    In plain wordsA pooled analysis found that natural oxytocin levels in blood serum were lower in people with schizophrenia than in comparison groups.

    Peptide
    Oxytocin
    Outcome
    DecreaseSerum oxytocin level in schizophrenia
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Comparison group without schizophrenia
    Outcome group
    Sex hormones and fertility · Mental health and mood

    Measurements

    SMD
    −1.74
    serum, schizophrenia vs comparison

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Serum oxytocin levels in individuals with schizophrenia were significantly lower than that in comparison group (SMD =  - 1.74, 95% CI =  - 3.22 to - 0.26, p = 0.02)
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate oxytocin levels in plasma, serum and cerebrospinal fluid to see if there are statistically different concentrations between individuals with schizophrenia and the comparison group.
    Summary · context
    Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 14 studies were included in the meta-analysis.

    This result measures the body's own Oxytocin. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  2. 02HumanEndogenous levelSystematic reviewOther

    In a meta-analysis, cerebrospinal fluid oxytocin levels were significantly higher in individuals with schizophrenia than in the comparison group.

    In plain wordsA pooled analysis found that natural oxytocin levels in spinal fluid were higher in people with schizophrenia than in comparison groups.

    Peptide
    Oxytocin
    Outcome
    IncreaseCerebrospinal fluid oxytocin level in schizophrenia
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Comparison group without schizophrenia
    Outcome group
    Sex hormones and fertility · Mental health and mood

    Measurements

    SMD
    0.55
    cerebrospinal fluid, schizophrenia vs comparison

    Source sentences

    Summary
    cerebrospinal fluid oxytocin levels in individuals with schizophrenia were significantly higher than those in the comparison group (SMD = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.05 to 1.04, p = 0.03)
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate oxytocin levels in plasma, serum and cerebrospinal fluid to see if there are statistically different concentrations between individuals with schizophrenia and the comparison group.
    Summary · context
    Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 14 studies were included in the meta-analysis.

    This result measures the body's own Oxytocin. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    11 Oct 2026, 00:50 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 02:48 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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