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Study · Randomized controlled trial · n = 34 · 2021

9 results

Effects of intranasal oxytocin on threat- and reward-related functional connectivity in men and women with and without childhood abuse-related PTSD.

Sippel LM, Flanagan JC, Holtzheimer PE, Moran-Santa-Maria MM, Brady KT, Joseph JE

Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging20 Aug 2021Cited by 16 (Europe PMC)

PMID34455213 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC8572525 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111368 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-34455213
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study9

9 results from studies that gave the peptide. 9 results from people.

  1. 01HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In trauma-exposed adults, intranasal oxytocin effects on functional connectivity were limited to amygdala-anterior insula connectivity in the fear condition and differed between men and women.

    In plain wordsIn trauma-exposed adults, oxytocin changed brain connectivity between the amygdala and insula during fear faces, and the change differed between men and women.

    Peptide
    Oxytocin
    Outcome
    MixedAmygdala-anterior insula connectivity in response to fear faces
    Study

    n = 34

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Anxiety and mood · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    24 international units · intranasalAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    oxytocin effects were limited to amygdala-AI connectivity in the fear condition, distinct for men and women
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Using a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover design
    Summary · context
    among childhood trauma-exposed individuals with (n = 16, 9 women) and without PTSD (n = 18, 12 women).
  2. 02HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In trauma-exposed adults, intranasal oxytocin did not change amygdala connectivity with the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex or nucleus accumbens, as effects were limited to amygdala-insula connectivity.

    In plain wordsIn trauma-exposed adults, oxytocin did not change amygdala connectivity with two other brain regions that were tested; effects were limited to the amygdala-insula link.

    Peptide
    Oxytocin
    Outcome
    No significant changeAmygdala connectivity with dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and nucleus accumbens
    Study

    n = 34

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Brain and neuronal activity · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    24 international units · intranasalAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    oxytocin effects were limited to amygdala-AI connectivity in the fear condition
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Using a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover design
    Summary · context
    among childhood trauma-exposed individuals with (n = 16, 9 women) and without PTSD (n = 18, 12 women).
  3. 03HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In trauma-exposed adults, the effects of intranasal oxytocin on amygdala-insula connectivity were not impacted by PTSD diagnosis.

    In plain wordsIn trauma-exposed adults, oxytocin's effects on brain connectivity did not depend on whether the person had PTSD.

    Peptide
    Oxytocin
    Outcome
    No significant changeOxytocin effect on connectivity by PTSD diagnosis
    Study

    n = 34

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Anxiety and mood · Mental health and mood
    Studied dose
    24 international units · intranasalAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    and not impacted by PTSD diagnosis.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Using a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover design
    Summary · context
    among childhood trauma-exposed individuals with (n = 16, 9 women) and without PTSD (n = 18, 12 women).
  4. 04HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In women exposed to childhood trauma, intranasal oxytocin reduced left amygdala-left anterior insula connectivity in response to fear faces.

    In plain wordsIn women exposed to childhood trauma, oxytocin lowered connectivity between the left amygdala and left insula during fear faces compared with placebo.

    Peptide
    Oxytocin
    Outcome
    DecreaseLeft amygdala-left anterior insula connectivity in women, fear faces
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Anxiety and mood · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    24 international units · intranasalAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    oxytocin reduced left amygdala-left AI connectivity for women but not men
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Using a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover design
    Summary · context
    among childhood trauma-exposed individuals with (n = 16, 9 women) and without PTSD (n = 18, 12 women).
  5. 05HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In men exposed to childhood trauma, intranasal oxytocin did not reduce left amygdala-left anterior insula connectivity in response to fear faces.

    In plain wordsIn men exposed to childhood trauma, oxytocin did not change connectivity between the left amygdala and left insula during fear faces compared with placebo.

    Peptide
    Oxytocin
    Outcome
    No significant changeLeft amygdala-left anterior insula connectivity in men, fear faces
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Anxiety and mood · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    24 international units · intranasalAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    oxytocin reduced left amygdala-left AI connectivity for women but not men
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Using a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover design
    Summary · context
    among childhood trauma-exposed individuals with (n = 16, 9 women) and without PTSD (n = 18, 12 women).
  6. 06HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In women exposed to childhood trauma, intranasal oxytocin reduced left amygdala-right anterior insula connectivity in response to fear faces.

    In plain wordsIn women exposed to childhood trauma, oxytocin lowered connectivity between the left amygdala and right insula during fear faces compared with placebo.

    Peptide
    Oxytocin
    Outcome
    DecreaseLeft amygdala-right anterior insula connectivity in women, fear faces
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Anxiety and mood · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    24 international units · intranasalAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    reduced left amygdala-right AI connectivity among women
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Using a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover design
    Summary · context
    among childhood trauma-exposed individuals with (n = 16, 9 women) and without PTSD (n = 18, 12 women).
  7. 07HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In men exposed to childhood trauma, intranasal oxytocin increased left amygdala-right anterior insula connectivity in response to fear faces.

    In plain wordsIn men exposed to childhood trauma, oxytocin raised connectivity between the left amygdala and right insula during fear faces compared with placebo.

    Peptide
    Oxytocin
    Outcome
    IncreaseLeft amygdala-right anterior insula connectivity in men, fear faces
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Anxiety and mood · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    24 international units · intranasalAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    but increased this connectivity in men
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Using a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover design
    Summary · context
    among childhood trauma-exposed individuals with (n = 16, 9 women) and without PTSD (n = 18, 12 women).
  8. 08HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In men exposed to childhood trauma, intranasal oxytocin reduced right amygdala-right anterior insula connectivity in response to fear faces.

    In plain wordsIn men exposed to childhood trauma, oxytocin lowered connectivity between the right amygdala and right insula during fear faces compared with placebo.

    Peptide
    Oxytocin
    Outcome
    DecreaseRight amygdala-right anterior insula connectivity in men, fear faces
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Anxiety and mood · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    24 international units · intranasalAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    reduced right amygdala-right anterior insula connectivity for men, but increased it for women.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Using a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover design
    Summary · context
    among childhood trauma-exposed individuals with (n = 16, 9 women) and without PTSD (n = 18, 12 women).
  9. 09HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In women exposed to childhood trauma, intranasal oxytocin increased right amygdala-right anterior insula connectivity in response to fear faces.

    In plain wordsIn women exposed to childhood trauma, oxytocin raised connectivity between the right amygdala and right insula during fear faces compared with placebo.

    Peptide
    Oxytocin
    Outcome
    IncreaseRight amygdala-right anterior insula connectivity in women, fear faces
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Anxiety and mood · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    24 international units · intranasalAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    reduced right amygdala-right anterior insula connectivity for men, but increased it for women.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Using a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover design
    Summary · context
    among childhood trauma-exposed individuals with (n = 16, 9 women) and without PTSD (n = 18, 12 women).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Registered trials1

Trials this study reports on, or that list this study as a reference. Registry data from ClinicalTrials.gov.

1 trial · 1 completed · 1 with posted results · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)

CompletedPhase 2Results postedNCT01963078

Sex/Gender Differences in Risk and Resilience to PTSD; Implication of Oxytocin

Megan Moran-Santa Marian = 38Apr 2013 to Jan 2015

PTSD

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 11 Dec 2018

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    11 Oct 2026, 00:50 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 02:48 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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