Skip to content

Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 2021

5 results

A systematic review of human paternal oxytocin: Insights into the methodology and what we know so far.

Grumi S, Saracino A, Volling BL, Provenzi L

Developmental psychobiology11 Mar 2021Cited by 18 (Europe PMC)

PMID33694219 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1002/dev.22116 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-33694219
Source linkPubMedAsk about this study
Jump to 5 results

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study5

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured5

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01HumanEndogenous levelSystematic reviewOther

    In a systematic review of studies in human fathers, fathers' oxytocin levels appeared to increase after childbirth.

    In plain wordsA review found that the body's own oxytocin levels in fathers appear to rise after the birth of a child.

    Peptide
    Oxytocin
    Outcome
    IncreaseFathers' oxytocin after childbirth
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Social behavior and cognition · Endocrine and hormones

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Fathers' OT levels appear to increase after childbirth.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A systematic review of methods and findings of previous OT research in human fathers was carried.
    Summary · context
    Twenty-four studies were included and analyzed.

    This result measures the body's own Oxytocin. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  2. 02HumanEndogenous levelSystematic reviewOther

    In a systematic review of studies in human fathers, oxytocin levels were significantly correlated with less hostility.

    In plain wordsA review found that fathers' natural oxytocin levels were linked to less hostility.

    Peptide
    Oxytocin
    Outcome
    DecreaseOxytocin and paternal hostility
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Social behavior and cognition · Endocrine and hormones

    Source sentences

    Summary
    OT was significantly correlated with less hostility and with the quality of paternal physical stimulation in play interactions, but not with paternal sensitivity.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A systematic review of methods and findings of previous OT research in human fathers was carried.
    Summary · context
    Twenty-four studies were included and analyzed.

    This result measures the body's own Oxytocin. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  3. 03HumanEndogenous levelSystematic reviewOther

    In a systematic review of studies in human fathers, oxytocin levels were significantly correlated with the quality of paternal physical stimulation in play.

    In plain wordsA review found that fathers' natural oxytocin levels were linked to the quality of physical play with children.

    Peptide
    Oxytocin
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedOxytocin and quality of paternal physical stimulation
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Social behavior and cognition · Endocrine and hormones

    Source sentences

    Summary
    OT was significantly correlated with less hostility and with the quality of paternal physical stimulation in play interactions, but not with paternal sensitivity.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A systematic review of methods and findings of previous OT research in human fathers was carried.
    Summary · context
    Twenty-four studies were included and analyzed.

    This result measures the body's own Oxytocin. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  4. 04HumanEndogenous levelSystematic reviewOther

    In a systematic review of studies in human fathers, oxytocin levels were not correlated with paternal sensitivity.

    In plain wordsA review found no link between fathers' natural oxytocin levels and how sensitive fathers were to their children.

    Peptide
    Oxytocin
    Outcome
    No significant changeOxytocin and paternal sensitivity
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Social behavior and cognition · Endocrine and hormones

    Source sentences

    Summary
    OT was significantly correlated with less hostility and with the quality of paternal physical stimulation in play interactions, but not with paternal sensitivity.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A systematic review of methods and findings of previous OT research in human fathers was carried.
    Summary · context
    Twenty-four studies were included and analyzed.

    This result measures the body's own Oxytocin. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  5. 05HumanEndogenous levelSystematic reviewOther

    In a limited subset of studies, fathers' and children's oxytocin levels were significantly correlated.

    In plain wordsIn a few studies, fathers' and children's natural oxytocin levels were linked to each other.

    Peptide
    Oxytocin
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedFather-child oxytocin correlation
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Social behavior and cognition · Endocrine and hormones

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Fathers' and children's OT levels were significantly correlated in a limited subset of studies, intriguingly suggesting that cross-generational OT regulation may occur during the early years of life.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A systematic review of methods and findings of previous OT research in human fathers was carried.
    Summary · context
    Twenty-four studies were included and analyzed.

    This result measures the body's own Oxytocin. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    11 Oct 2026, 00:50 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 02:49 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.