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Study · Observational study · n = 78 · 2021

4 results

Gender-associated difference following COVID-19 virus infection: Implications for thymosin alpha-1 therapy.

Li X, Liu L, Yang Y, Yang X, Wang C, Li Y, Ge Y, Shi Y, Lv P, Zhou H, Luo P, Huang S

International immunopharmacology18 Sept 2020Cited by 12 (Europe PMC)

PMID33160854 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC7500882 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107022 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-33160854
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study4

4 results from studies that gave the peptide. 4 results from people.

  1. 01HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In COVID-19 patients treated with Tα1, CRP levels were higher in males than in females.

    In plain wordsIn COVID-19 patients given thymosin α1, men had higher CRP, an inflammation marker, than women.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    IncreaseCRP level, males versus females after Tα1
    Study

    n = 78

    Comparator
    Tα1-treated females
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    1.6 mg · subcutaneous · 15 daysAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Levels of CRP and IL-6 were higher in Tα1-treated male group than Tα1-treated female group, while the level of PCT was significantly lower in Tα1-treated male group.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Seventy-eight patients received a subcutaneous injection of 1.6 mg Tα1, based on supportive treatment for 15 days.
  2. 02HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In COVID-19 patients treated with Tα1, IL-6 levels were higher in males than in females.

    In plain wordsIn COVID-19 patients given thymosin α1, men had higher IL-6, an inflammation marker, than women.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    IncreaseIL-6 level, males versus females after Tα1
    Study

    n = 78

    Comparator
    Tα1-treated females
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    1.6 mg · subcutaneous · 15 daysAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Levels of CRP and IL-6 were higher in Tα1-treated male group than Tα1-treated female group, while the level of PCT was significantly lower in Tα1-treated male group.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Seventy-eight patients received a subcutaneous injection of 1.6 mg Tα1, based on supportive treatment for 15 days.
  3. 03HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In COVID-19 patients treated with Tα1, PCT levels were significantly lower in males than in females.

    In plain wordsIn COVID-19 patients given thymosin α1, men had lower PCT, a blood marker, than women.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    DecreasePCT level, males versus females after Tα1
    Study

    n = 78

    Comparator
    Tα1-treated females
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    1.6 mg · subcutaneous · 15 daysAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Levels of CRP and IL-6 were higher in Tα1-treated male group than Tα1-treated female group, while the level of PCT was significantly lower in Tα1-treated male group.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Seventy-eight patients received a subcutaneous injection of 1.6 mg Tα1, based on supportive treatment for 15 days.
  4. 04HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    After Tα1 intervention in COVID-19 patients, cell counts of many lymphocyte subpopulations showed a high degree of variability related to gender.

    In plain wordsIn COVID-19 patients given thymosin α1, many immune cell counts varied between men and women.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedLymphocyte subpopulation counts, sex-related variability after Tα1
    Study

    n = 78

    Comparator
    Tα1-treated females
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    1.6 mg · subcutaneous · 15 daysAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    A high degree of gender differences-related variability was observed in CRP and PCT levels and the cell counts of many lymphocyte subpopulations in the COVID-19 patients after Tα1 intervention.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Seventy-eight patients received a subcutaneous injection of 1.6 mg Tα1, based on supportive treatment for 15 days.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 3Current

    10 Oct 2026, 08:55 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 2

    9 Oct 2026, 03:03 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:02 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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