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Study · In vitro (cells) · 2020

5 results

Empagliflozin improves diabetic renal tubular injury by alleviating mitochondrial fission via AMPK/SP1/PGAM5 pathway.

Liu X, Xu C, Xu L, Li X, Sun H, Xue M, Li T, Yu X, Sun B, Chen L

Metabolism: clinical and experimental7 Aug 2020Cited by 109 (Europe PMC)

PMID32777444 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154334 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-32777444
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC-ND. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study5

5 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In high-glucose HK2 cells, AICAR reversed increased mitochondrial fission.

    In plain wordsIn cells under high glucose, AICAR reduced mitochondrial division compared with high glucose alone.

    Peptide
    AICAR (acadesine)
    Outcome
    DecreaseMitochondrial fission
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    high-glucose HK2 cells
    Comparator
    high-glucose environment
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    These changes were all reversed in Empa or AICAR treated groups.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The mitochondrial fission and the expression of SP1, PGAM5 increased and the expression of p-AMPK, DRP1S637 decreased in diabetic or HG environment.
    Summary · context
    We also examined these changes in HK2 cells that cultured in normal glucose (NG), high glucose (HG) and high glucose+Empa (HG + Empa) environment.
    Summary · context
    Then we verified our deduction using AMPK activator (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboximide Riboside, AICAR), inhibitor (Compound C), si-SP1 and si-PGAM5.
  2. 02LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In high-glucose HK2 cells, AICAR reversed increased SP1 expression.

    In plain wordsIn cells under high glucose, AICAR reduced SP1 expression compared with high glucose alone.

    Peptide
    AICAR (acadesine)
    Outcome
    DecreaseSP1 expression
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    high-glucose HK2 cells
    Comparator
    high-glucose environment
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    These changes were all reversed in Empa or AICAR treated groups.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The mitochondrial fission and the expression of SP1, PGAM5 increased and the expression of p-AMPK, DRP1S637 decreased in diabetic or HG environment.
    Summary · context
    We also examined these changes in HK2 cells that cultured in normal glucose (NG), high glucose (HG) and high glucose+Empa (HG + Empa) environment.
    Summary · context
    Then we verified our deduction using AMPK activator (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboximide Riboside, AICAR), inhibitor (Compound C), si-SP1 and si-PGAM5.
  3. 03LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In high-glucose HK2 cells, AICAR reversed increased PGAM5 expression.

    In plain wordsIn cells under high glucose, AICAR reduced PGAM5 expression compared with high glucose alone.

    Peptide
    AICAR (acadesine)
    Outcome
    DecreasePGAM5 expression
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    high-glucose HK2 cells
    Comparator
    high-glucose environment
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    These changes were all reversed in Empa or AICAR treated groups.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The mitochondrial fission and the expression of SP1, PGAM5 increased and the expression of p-AMPK, DRP1S637 decreased in diabetic or HG environment.
    Summary · context
    We also examined these changes in HK2 cells that cultured in normal glucose (NG), high glucose (HG) and high glucose+Empa (HG + Empa) environment.
    Summary · context
    Then we verified our deduction using AMPK activator (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboximide Riboside, AICAR), inhibitor (Compound C), si-SP1 and si-PGAM5.
  4. 04LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In high-glucose HK2 cells, AICAR reversed decreased p-AMPK expression.

    In plain wordsIn cells under high glucose, AICAR increased p-AMPK expression compared with high glucose alone.

    Peptide
    AICAR (acadesine)
    Outcome
    Increasep-AMPK expression
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    high-glucose HK2 cells
    Comparator
    high-glucose environment
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    These changes were all reversed in Empa or AICAR treated groups.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The mitochondrial fission and the expression of SP1, PGAM5 increased and the expression of p-AMPK, DRP1S637 decreased in diabetic or HG environment.
    Summary · context
    We also examined these changes in HK2 cells that cultured in normal glucose (NG), high glucose (HG) and high glucose+Empa (HG + Empa) environment.
    Summary · context
    Then we verified our deduction using AMPK activator (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboximide Riboside, AICAR), inhibitor (Compound C), si-SP1 and si-PGAM5.
  5. 05LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In high-glucose HK2 cells, AICAR reversed decreased DRP1S637 expression.

    In plain wordsIn cells under high glucose, AICAR increased DRP1S637 expression compared with high glucose alone.

    Peptide
    AICAR (acadesine)
    Outcome
    IncreaseDRP1S637 expression
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    high-glucose HK2 cells
    Comparator
    high-glucose environment
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    These changes were all reversed in Empa or AICAR treated groups.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The mitochondrial fission and the expression of SP1, PGAM5 increased and the expression of p-AMPK, DRP1S637 decreased in diabetic or HG environment.
    Summary · context
    We also examined these changes in HK2 cells that cultured in normal glucose (NG), high glucose (HG) and high glucose+Empa (HG + Empa) environment.
    Summary · context
    Then we verified our deduction using AMPK activator (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboximide Riboside, AICAR), inhibitor (Compound C), si-SP1 and si-PGAM5.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    21 Oct 2026, 15:58 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    21 Oct 2026, 12:50 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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