Acute Effects of Lixisenatide on Energy Intake in Healthy Subjects and Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Relationship to Gastric Emptying and Intragastric Distribution.

Jalleh R, Pham H, Marathe CS, Wu T, Buttfield MD, Hatzinikolas S, Malbert CH, Rigda RS, Lange K, Trahair LG, Feinle-Bisset C, Rayner CK, Horowitz M, Jones KL

Nutrients1 Jul 2020Cited by 25 (Europe PMC)

PMID32630191PMCIDPMC7400134DOI10.3390/nu12071962PepBankPUB-32630191

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Summary

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists induce weight loss, which has been suggested to relate to the slowing of gastric emptying (GE). In health, energy intake (EI) is more strongly related to the content of the distal, than the total, stomach. We evaluated the effects of lixisenatide on GE, intragastric distribution, and subsequent EI in 15 healthy participants and 15 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Participants ingested a 75-g glucose drink on two separate occasions, 30 min after lixisenatide (10 mcg) or placebo subcutaneously, in a randomised, double-blind, crossover design. GE and intragastric distribution were measured for 180 min followed by a buffet-style meal, where EI was quantified. Relationships of EI with total, proximal, and distal stomach content were assessed. In both groups, lixisenatide slowed GE markedly, with increased retention in both the proximal (p p p < 0.001). EI was not related to the content of the total or proximal stomach but inversely related to the distal stomach at 180 min in health on placebo (r = -0.58, p = 0.03) but not in T2D nor after lixisenatide in either group. In healthy and T2D participants, the reduction in EI by lixisenatide is unrelated to changes in GE/intragastric distribution, consistent with a centrally mediated effect.

CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study14

14 results from studies that gave the peptide. 14 results from people.

01HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In healthy participants, lixisenatide markedly slowed gastric emptying compared with placebo.
In plain wordsIn healthy participants, lixisenatide slowed stomach emptying compared with placebo.
Peptide
Lixisenatide
Outcome
DecreaseGastric emptying in healthy participants
Study
n = 15
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal motility · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
10 mcg · subcutaneous · single doseAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
In both groups, lixisenatide slowed GE markedly, with increased retention in both the proximal (p p p < 0.001).
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We evaluated the effects of lixisenatide on GE, intragastric distribution, and subsequent EI in 15 healthy participants and 15 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Summary · context
Participants ingested a 75-g glucose drink on two separate occasions, 30 min after lixisenatide (10 mcg) or placebo subcutaneously, in a randomised, double-blind, crossover design.
Summary · context
GE and intragastric distribution were measured for 180 min followed by a buffet-style meal, where EI was quantified.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3263019101
02HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In patients with type 2 diabetes, lixisenatide markedly slowed gastric emptying compared with placebo.
In plain wordsIn patients with type 2 diabetes, lixisenatide slowed stomach emptying compared with placebo.
Peptide
Lixisenatide
Outcome
DecreaseGastric emptying in type 2 diabetes
Study
n = 15
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal motility · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
10 mcg · subcutaneous · single doseAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
In both groups, lixisenatide slowed GE markedly, with increased retention in both the proximal (p p p < 0.001).
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We evaluated the effects of lixisenatide on GE, intragastric distribution, and subsequent EI in 15 healthy participants and 15 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Summary · context
Participants ingested a 75-g glucose drink on two separate occasions, 30 min after lixisenatide (10 mcg) or placebo subcutaneously, in a randomised, double-blind, crossover design.
Summary · context
GE and intragastric distribution were measured for 180 min followed by a buffet-style meal, where EI was quantified.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3263019102
03HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In healthy participants, lixisenatide increased proximal stomach retention compared with placebo (p < 0.001).
In plain wordsIn healthy participants, lixisenatide increased upper stomach retention compared with placebo.
Peptide
Lixisenatide
Outcome
IncreaseProximal stomach retention in healthy participants
Study
n = 15
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal motility · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
10 mcg · subcutaneous · single doseAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
P
< 0.001
lixisenatide vs placebo, healthy
Source sentences
Summary
In both groups, lixisenatide slowed GE markedly, with increased retention in both the proximal (p p p < 0.001).
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We evaluated the effects of lixisenatide on GE, intragastric distribution, and subsequent EI in 15 healthy participants and 15 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Summary · context
Participants ingested a 75-g glucose drink on two separate occasions, 30 min after lixisenatide (10 mcg) or placebo subcutaneously, in a randomised, double-blind, crossover design.
Summary · context
GE and intragastric distribution were measured for 180 min followed by a buffet-style meal, where EI was quantified.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3263019103
04HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In patients with type 2 diabetes, lixisenatide increased proximal stomach retention compared with placebo (p < 0.001).
In plain wordsIn patients with type 2 diabetes, lixisenatide increased upper stomach retention compared with placebo.
Peptide
Lixisenatide
Outcome
IncreaseProximal stomach retention in type 2 diabetes
Study
n = 15
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal motility · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
10 mcg · subcutaneous · single doseAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
P
< 0.001
lixisenatide vs placebo, type 2 diabetes
Source sentences
Summary
In both groups, lixisenatide slowed GE markedly, with increased retention in both the proximal (p p p < 0.001).
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We evaluated the effects of lixisenatide on GE, intragastric distribution, and subsequent EI in 15 healthy participants and 15 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Summary · context
Participants ingested a 75-g glucose drink on two separate occasions, 30 min after lixisenatide (10 mcg) or placebo subcutaneously, in a randomised, double-blind, crossover design.
Summary · context
GE and intragastric distribution were measured for 180 min followed by a buffet-style meal, where EI was quantified.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3263019104
05HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In healthy participants, lixisenatide increased distal stomach retention compared with placebo (p < 0.001).
In plain wordsIn healthy participants, lixisenatide increased lower stomach retention compared with placebo.
Peptide
Lixisenatide
Outcome
IncreaseDistal stomach retention in healthy participants
Study
n = 15
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal motility · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
10 mcg · subcutaneous · single doseAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
P
< 0.001
lixisenatide vs placebo, healthy
Source sentences
Summary
In both groups, lixisenatide slowed GE markedly, with increased retention in both the proximal (p p p < 0.001).
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We evaluated the effects of lixisenatide on GE, intragastric distribution, and subsequent EI in 15 healthy participants and 15 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Summary · context
Participants ingested a 75-g glucose drink on two separate occasions, 30 min after lixisenatide (10 mcg) or placebo subcutaneously, in a randomised, double-blind, crossover design.
Summary · context
GE and intragastric distribution were measured for 180 min followed by a buffet-style meal, where EI was quantified.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3263019105
06HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In patients with type 2 diabetes, lixisenatide increased distal stomach retention compared with placebo (p < 0.001).
In plain wordsIn patients with type 2 diabetes, lixisenatide increased lower stomach retention compared with placebo.
Peptide
Lixisenatide
Outcome
IncreaseDistal stomach retention in type 2 diabetes
Study
n = 15
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal motility · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
10 mcg · subcutaneous · single doseAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
P
< 0.001
lixisenatide vs placebo, type 2 diabetes
Source sentences
Summary
In both groups, lixisenatide slowed GE markedly, with increased retention in both the proximal (p p p < 0.001).
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We evaluated the effects of lixisenatide on GE, intragastric distribution, and subsequent EI in 15 healthy participants and 15 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Summary · context
Participants ingested a 75-g glucose drink on two separate occasions, 30 min after lixisenatide (10 mcg) or placebo subcutaneously, in a randomised, double-blind, crossover design.
Summary · context
GE and intragastric distribution were measured for 180 min followed by a buffet-style meal, where EI was quantified.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3263019106
07HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In healthy participants, lixisenatide decreased subsequent meal energy intake compared with placebo (p < 0.001).
In plain wordsIn healthy participants, lixisenatide reduced meal energy intake compared with placebo.
Peptide
Lixisenatide
Outcome
DecreaseEnergy intake in healthy participants
Study
n = 15
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Appetite and food intake · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
10 mcg · subcutaneous · single doseAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
P
< 0.001
lixisenatide vs placebo, healthy
Source sentences
Summary
In both groups, lixisenatide slowed GE markedly, with increased retention in both the proximal (p p p < 0.001).
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We evaluated the effects of lixisenatide on GE, intragastric distribution, and subsequent EI in 15 healthy participants and 15 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Summary · context
Participants ingested a 75-g glucose drink on two separate occasions, 30 min after lixisenatide (10 mcg) or placebo subcutaneously, in a randomised, double-blind, crossover design.
Summary · context
GE and intragastric distribution were measured for 180 min followed by a buffet-style meal, where EI was quantified.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3263019107
08HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In patients with type 2 diabetes, lixisenatide decreased subsequent meal energy intake compared with placebo (p < 0.001).
In plain wordsIn patients with type 2 diabetes, lixisenatide reduced meal energy intake compared with placebo.
Peptide
Lixisenatide
Outcome
DecreaseEnergy intake in type 2 diabetes
Study
n = 15
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Appetite and food intake · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
10 mcg · subcutaneous · single doseAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
P
< 0.001
lixisenatide vs placebo, type 2 diabetes
Source sentences
Summary
In both groups, lixisenatide slowed GE markedly, with increased retention in both the proximal (p p p < 0.001).
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We evaluated the effects of lixisenatide on GE, intragastric distribution, and subsequent EI in 15 healthy participants and 15 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Summary · context
Participants ingested a 75-g glucose drink on two separate occasions, 30 min after lixisenatide (10 mcg) or placebo subcutaneously, in a randomised, double-blind, crossover design.
Summary · context
GE and intragastric distribution were measured for 180 min followed by a buffet-style meal, where EI was quantified.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3263019108
09HumanObservational studyMechanism
In healthy participants after lixisenatide, energy intake was not related to total stomach content.
In plain wordsIn healthy participants after lixisenatide, energy intake was not linked to total stomach content.
Peptide
Lixisenatide
Outcome
No significant changeEnergy intake and total stomach content after lixisenatide in health
Study
n = 15
Outcome group
Appetite and food intake · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
10 mcg · subcutaneous · single doseAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
EI was not related to the content of the total or proximal stomach but inversely related to the distal stomach at 180 min in health on placebo (r = -0.58, p = 0.03) but not in T2D nor after lixisenatide in either group.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Participants ingested a 75-g glucose drink on two separate occasions, 30 min after lixisenatide (10 mcg) or placebo subcutaneously, in a randomised, double-blind, crossover design.
Summary · context
GE and intragastric distribution were measured for 180 min followed by a buffet-style meal, where EI was quantified.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3263019109
10HumanObservational studyMechanism
In healthy participants after lixisenatide, energy intake was not related to proximal stomach content.
In plain wordsIn healthy participants after lixisenatide, energy intake was not linked to upper stomach content.
Peptide
Lixisenatide
Outcome
No significant changeEnergy intake and proximal stomach content after lixisenatide in health
Study
n = 15
Outcome group
Appetite and food intake · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
10 mcg · subcutaneous · single doseAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
EI was not related to the content of the total or proximal stomach but inversely related to the distal stomach at 180 min in health on placebo (r = -0.58, p = 0.03) but not in T2D nor after lixisenatide in either group.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Participants ingested a 75-g glucose drink on two separate occasions, 30 min after lixisenatide (10 mcg) or placebo subcutaneously, in a randomised, double-blind, crossover design.
Summary · context
GE and intragastric distribution were measured for 180 min followed by a buffet-style meal, where EI was quantified.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3263019110
11HumanObservational studyMechanism
In healthy participants after lixisenatide, energy intake was not related to distal stomach content at 180 min.
In plain wordsIn healthy participants after lixisenatide, energy intake was not linked to lower stomach content at 180 minutes.
Peptide
Lixisenatide
Outcome
No significant changeEnergy intake and distal stomach content after lixisenatide in health
Study
n = 15
Outcome group
Appetite and food intake · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
10 mcg · subcutaneous · single doseAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
EI was not related to the content of the total or proximal stomach but inversely related to the distal stomach at 180 min in health on placebo (r = -0.58, p = 0.03) but not in T2D nor after lixisenatide in either group.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Participants ingested a 75-g glucose drink on two separate occasions, 30 min after lixisenatide (10 mcg) or placebo subcutaneously, in a randomised, double-blind, crossover design.
Summary · context
GE and intragastric distribution were measured for 180 min followed by a buffet-style meal, where EI was quantified.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3263019111
12HumanObservational studyMechanism
In patients with type 2 diabetes after lixisenatide, energy intake was not related to total stomach content.
In plain wordsIn patients with type 2 diabetes after lixisenatide, energy intake was not linked to total stomach content.
Peptide
Lixisenatide
Outcome
No significant changeEnergy intake and total stomach content after lixisenatide in diabetes
Study
n = 15
Outcome group
Appetite and food intake · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
10 mcg · subcutaneous · single doseAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
EI was not related to the content of the total or proximal stomach but inversely related to the distal stomach at 180 min in health on placebo (r = -0.58, p = 0.03) but not in T2D nor after lixisenatide in either group.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Participants ingested a 75-g glucose drink on two separate occasions, 30 min after lixisenatide (10 mcg) or placebo subcutaneously, in a randomised, double-blind, crossover design.
Summary · context
GE and intragastric distribution were measured for 180 min followed by a buffet-style meal, where EI was quantified.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3263019112
13HumanObservational studyMechanism
In patients with type 2 diabetes after lixisenatide, energy intake was not related to proximal stomach content.
In plain wordsIn patients with type 2 diabetes after lixisenatide, energy intake was not linked to upper stomach content.
Peptide
Lixisenatide
Outcome
No significant changeEnergy intake and proximal stomach content after lixisenatide in diabetes
Study
n = 15
Outcome group
Appetite and food intake · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
10 mcg · subcutaneous · single doseAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
EI was not related to the content of the total or proximal stomach but inversely related to the distal stomach at 180 min in health on placebo (r = -0.58, p = 0.03) but not in T2D nor after lixisenatide in either group.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Participants ingested a 75-g glucose drink on two separate occasions, 30 min after lixisenatide (10 mcg) or placebo subcutaneously, in a randomised, double-blind, crossover design.
Summary · context
GE and intragastric distribution were measured for 180 min followed by a buffet-style meal, where EI was quantified.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3263019113
14HumanObservational studyMechanism
In patients with type 2 diabetes after lixisenatide, energy intake was not related to distal stomach content at 180 min.
In plain wordsIn patients with type 2 diabetes after lixisenatide, energy intake was not linked to lower stomach content at 180 minutes.
Peptide
Lixisenatide
Outcome
No significant changeEnergy intake and distal stomach content after lixisenatide in diabetes
Study
n = 15
Outcome group
Appetite and food intake · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
10 mcg · subcutaneous · single doseAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
EI was not related to the content of the total or proximal stomach but inversely related to the distal stomach at 180 min in health on placebo (r = -0.58, p = 0.03) but not in T2D nor after lixisenatide in either group.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Participants ingested a 75-g glucose drink on two separate occasions, 30 min after lixisenatide (10 mcg) or placebo subcutaneously, in a randomised, double-blind, crossover design.
Summary · context
GE and intragastric distribution were measured for 180 min followed by a buffet-style meal, where EI was quantified.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3263019114

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Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
28 Oct 2026, 02:03 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
27 Oct 2026, 16:36 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

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Acute Effects of Lixisenatide on Energy Intake in Healthy Subjects and Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Relationship to Gastric Emptying and Intragastric Distribution.

Summary

Results from this study14

Version history

Subjects

Publication types

MeSH terms

Keywords