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Study · Not a test of the peptide alone · 2019

30 results

Design and Development of a Novel Peptide for Treating Intestinal Inflammation.

Zhang L, Wei X, Zhang R, Petitte JN, Si D, Li Z, Cheng J, Du M

Frontiers in immunology6 Aug 2019Cited by 44 (Europe PMC)

PMID31447849 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC6691347 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.3389/fimmu.2019.01841 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-31447849
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Summary

Intestinal inflammatory disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are associated with increased pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in the intestines. Furthermore, intestinal inflammation increases the risk of enteric cancer, which is a common malignancy globally. Native anti-inflammatory peptides are a class of anti-inflammatory agents that could be used in the treatment of several intestinal inflammation conditions. However, potential cytotoxicity, and poor anti-inflammatory activity have prevented their development as anti-inflammatory agents. Therefore, in this study, we designed and developed a novel hybrid peptide for the treatment of intestinal inflammation. Eight hybrid peptides were designed by combining the active centers of antimicrobial peptides, including LL-37 (13-36), YW12D, innate defense regulator 1, and cathelicidin 2 (1-13) with thymopentin or the active center of thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) (17-24). The hybrid peptide, LL-37-Tα1 (LTA), had improved anti-inflammatory activity with minimal cytotoxicity. LTA was screened by molecule docking and in vitro experiments. Likewise, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms were also evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation murine model. The results showed that LTA prevented LPS-induced impairment in the jejunum epithelium tissues and infiltration of leukocytes, which are both histological markers of inflammation. Additionally, LTA decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β. LTA increased the expression of zonula occludens-1 and occludin, and reduced permeability and apoptosis in the jejunum of LPS-treated mice. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory effect is associated with neutralizing LPS, binding to the Toll-like receptor 4-myeloid differentiation factor 2 (TLR4/MD-2) complex, and modulating the nuclear factor-kappa B signal transduction pathway. The findings of this study suggest that LTA may be an effective therapeutic agent in the treatment of intestinal inflammation.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study30

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone30

In this study, the peptide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking the peptide.

  1. 01AnimalNot a test of LL-37 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice with LPS-induced intestinal inflammation, LTA prevented impairment of the jejunum epithelium.

    In plain wordsIn mice with intestinal inflammation, the hybrid peptide protected the lining of the small intestine from damage.

    Peptide
    LL-37
    Outcome
    DecreaseLPS-induced jejunum epithelium impairment
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    LPS-induced intestinal inflammation murine model
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    LTA prevented LPS-induced impairment in the jejunum epithelium tissues and infiltration of leukocytes, which are both histological markers of inflammation.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Eight hybrid peptides were designed by combining the active centers of antimicrobial peptides, including LL-37 (13-36), YW12D, innate defense regulator 1, and cathelicidin 2 (1-13) with thymopentin or the active center of thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) (17-24).
    Summary · context
    Likewise, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms were also evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation murine model.

    In this study, LL-37 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking LL-37.

  2. 02AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice with LPS-induced intestinal inflammation, LTA prevented impairment of the jejunum epithelium.

    In plain wordsIn mice with intestinal inflammation, the hybrid peptide protected the lining of the small intestine from damage.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    DecreaseLPS-induced jejunum epithelium impairment
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    LPS-induced intestinal inflammation murine model
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    LTA prevented LPS-induced impairment in the jejunum epithelium tissues and infiltration of leukocytes, which are both histological markers of inflammation.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Eight hybrid peptides were designed by combining the active centers of antimicrobial peptides, including LL-37 (13-36), YW12D, innate defense regulator 1, and cathelicidin 2 (1-13) with thymopentin or the active center of thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) (17-24).
    Summary · context
    Likewise, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms were also evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation murine model.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  3. 03AnimalNot a test of LL-37 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice with LPS-induced intestinal inflammation, LTA prevented infiltration of leukocytes.

    In plain wordsIn mice with intestinal inflammation, the hybrid peptide reduced the entry of white blood cells into the intestine.

    Peptide
    LL-37
    Outcome
    DecreaseLeukocyte infiltration
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    LPS-induced intestinal inflammation murine model
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    infiltration of leukocytes, which are both histological markers of inflammation.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Eight hybrid peptides were designed by combining the active centers of antimicrobial peptides, including LL-37 (13-36), YW12D, innate defense regulator 1, and cathelicidin 2 (1-13) with thymopentin or the active center of thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) (17-24).
    Summary · context
    Likewise, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms were also evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation murine model.

    In this study, LL-37 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking LL-37.

  4. 04AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice with LPS-induced intestinal inflammation, LTA prevented infiltration of leukocytes.

    In plain wordsIn mice with intestinal inflammation, the hybrid peptide reduced the entry of white blood cells into the intestine.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    DecreaseLeukocyte infiltration
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    LPS-induced intestinal inflammation murine model
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    infiltration of leukocytes, which are both histological markers of inflammation.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Eight hybrid peptides were designed by combining the active centers of antimicrobial peptides, including LL-37 (13-36), YW12D, innate defense regulator 1, and cathelicidin 2 (1-13) with thymopentin or the active center of thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) (17-24).
    Summary · context
    Likewise, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms were also evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation murine model.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  5. 05AnimalNot a test of LL-37 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In mice with LPS-induced intestinal inflammation, LTA decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

    In plain wordsIn mice with intestinal inflammation, the hybrid peptide lowered the inflammation marker TNF-alpha.

    Peptide
    LL-37
    Outcome
    DecreaseTNF-α level
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    LPS-induced intestinal inflammation murine model
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Additionally, LTA decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Eight hybrid peptides were designed by combining the active centers of antimicrobial peptides, including LL-37 (13-36), YW12D, innate defense regulator 1, and cathelicidin 2 (1-13) with thymopentin or the active center of thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) (17-24).
    Summary · context
    Likewise, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms were also evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation murine model.

    In this study, LL-37 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking LL-37.

  6. 06AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In mice with LPS-induced intestinal inflammation, LTA decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

    In plain wordsIn mice with intestinal inflammation, the hybrid peptide lowered the inflammation marker TNF-alpha.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    DecreaseTNF-α level
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    LPS-induced intestinal inflammation murine model
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Additionally, LTA decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Eight hybrid peptides were designed by combining the active centers of antimicrobial peptides, including LL-37 (13-36), YW12D, innate defense regulator 1, and cathelicidin 2 (1-13) with thymopentin or the active center of thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) (17-24).
    Summary · context
    Likewise, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms were also evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation murine model.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  7. 07AnimalNot a test of LL-37 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In mice with LPS-induced intestinal inflammation, LTA decreased interferon-gamma.

    In plain wordsIn mice with intestinal inflammation, the hybrid peptide lowered the inflammation marker interferon-gamma.

    Peptide
    LL-37
    Outcome
    DecreaseInterferon-gamma level
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    LPS-induced intestinal inflammation murine model
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Additionally, LTA decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Eight hybrid peptides were designed by combining the active centers of antimicrobial peptides, including LL-37 (13-36), YW12D, innate defense regulator 1, and cathelicidin 2 (1-13) with thymopentin or the active center of thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) (17-24).
    Summary · context
    Likewise, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms were also evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation murine model.

    In this study, LL-37 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking LL-37.

  8. 08AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In mice with LPS-induced intestinal inflammation, LTA decreased interferon-gamma.

    In plain wordsIn mice with intestinal inflammation, the hybrid peptide lowered the inflammation marker interferon-gamma.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    DecreaseInterferon-gamma level
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    LPS-induced intestinal inflammation murine model
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Additionally, LTA decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Eight hybrid peptides were designed by combining the active centers of antimicrobial peptides, including LL-37 (13-36), YW12D, innate defense regulator 1, and cathelicidin 2 (1-13) with thymopentin or the active center of thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) (17-24).
    Summary · context
    Likewise, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms were also evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation murine model.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  9. 09AnimalNot a test of LL-37 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In mice with LPS-induced intestinal inflammation, LTA decreased interleukin-6.

    In plain wordsIn mice with intestinal inflammation, the hybrid peptide lowered the inflammation marker interleukin-6.

    Peptide
    LL-37
    Outcome
    DecreaseInterleukin-6 level
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    LPS-induced intestinal inflammation murine model
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Additionally, LTA decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Eight hybrid peptides were designed by combining the active centers of antimicrobial peptides, including LL-37 (13-36), YW12D, innate defense regulator 1, and cathelicidin 2 (1-13) with thymopentin or the active center of thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) (17-24).
    Summary · context
    Likewise, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms were also evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation murine model.

    In this study, LL-37 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking LL-37.

  10. 10AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In mice with LPS-induced intestinal inflammation, LTA decreased interleukin-6.

    In plain wordsIn mice with intestinal inflammation, the hybrid peptide lowered the inflammation marker interleukin-6.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    DecreaseInterleukin-6 level
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    LPS-induced intestinal inflammation murine model
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Additionally, LTA decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Eight hybrid peptides were designed by combining the active centers of antimicrobial peptides, including LL-37 (13-36), YW12D, innate defense regulator 1, and cathelicidin 2 (1-13) with thymopentin or the active center of thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) (17-24).
    Summary · context
    Likewise, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms were also evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation murine model.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  11. 11AnimalNot a test of LL-37 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In mice with LPS-induced intestinal inflammation, LTA decreased interleukin-1β.

    In plain wordsIn mice with intestinal inflammation, the hybrid peptide lowered the inflammation marker interleukin-1β.

    Peptide
    LL-37
    Outcome
    DecreaseInterleukin-1β level
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    LPS-induced intestinal inflammation murine model
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Additionally, LTA decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Eight hybrid peptides were designed by combining the active centers of antimicrobial peptides, including LL-37 (13-36), YW12D, innate defense regulator 1, and cathelicidin 2 (1-13) with thymopentin or the active center of thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) (17-24).
    Summary · context
    Likewise, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms were also evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation murine model.

    In this study, LL-37 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking LL-37.

  12. 12AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In mice with LPS-induced intestinal inflammation, LTA decreased interleukin-1β.

    In plain wordsIn mice with intestinal inflammation, the hybrid peptide lowered the inflammation marker interleukin-1β.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    DecreaseInterleukin-1β level
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    LPS-induced intestinal inflammation murine model
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Additionally, LTA decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Eight hybrid peptides were designed by combining the active centers of antimicrobial peptides, including LL-37 (13-36), YW12D, innate defense regulator 1, and cathelicidin 2 (1-13) with thymopentin or the active center of thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) (17-24).
    Summary · context
    Likewise, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms were also evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation murine model.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  13. 13AnimalNot a test of LL-37 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In LPS-treated mice, LTA increased expression of zonula occludens-1 in the jejunum.

    In plain wordsIn mice with intestinal inflammation, the hybrid peptide raised a gut barrier protein, zonula occludens-1.

    Peptide
    LL-37
    Outcome
    IncreaseZonula occludens-1 expression
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    LPS-induced intestinal inflammation murine model
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal protection · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    LTA increased the expression of zonula occludens-1 and occludin
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Eight hybrid peptides were designed by combining the active centers of antimicrobial peptides, including LL-37 (13-36), YW12D, innate defense regulator 1, and cathelicidin 2 (1-13) with thymopentin or the active center of thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) (17-24).
    Summary · context
    Likewise, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms were also evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation murine model.

    In this study, LL-37 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking LL-37.

  14. 14AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In LPS-treated mice, LTA increased expression of zonula occludens-1 in the jejunum.

    In plain wordsIn mice with intestinal inflammation, the hybrid peptide raised a gut barrier protein, zonula occludens-1.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    IncreaseZonula occludens-1 expression
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    LPS-induced intestinal inflammation murine model
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal protection · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    LTA increased the expression of zonula occludens-1 and occludin
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Eight hybrid peptides were designed by combining the active centers of antimicrobial peptides, including LL-37 (13-36), YW12D, innate defense regulator 1, and cathelicidin 2 (1-13) with thymopentin or the active center of thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) (17-24).
    Summary · context
    Likewise, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms were also evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation murine model.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  15. 15AnimalNot a test of LL-37 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In LPS-treated mice, LTA increased expression of occludin in the jejunum.

    In plain wordsIn mice with intestinal inflammation, the hybrid peptide raised a gut barrier protein, occludin.

    Peptide
    LL-37
    Outcome
    IncreaseOccludin expression
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    LPS-induced intestinal inflammation murine model
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal protection · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    LTA increased the expression of zonula occludens-1 and occludin
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Eight hybrid peptides were designed by combining the active centers of antimicrobial peptides, including LL-37 (13-36), YW12D, innate defense regulator 1, and cathelicidin 2 (1-13) with thymopentin or the active center of thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) (17-24).
    Summary · context
    Likewise, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms were also evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation murine model.

    In this study, LL-37 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking LL-37.

  16. 16AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In LPS-treated mice, LTA increased expression of occludin in the jejunum.

    In plain wordsIn mice with intestinal inflammation, the hybrid peptide raised a gut barrier protein, occludin.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    IncreaseOccludin expression
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    LPS-induced intestinal inflammation murine model
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal protection · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    LTA increased the expression of zonula occludens-1 and occludin
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Eight hybrid peptides were designed by combining the active centers of antimicrobial peptides, including LL-37 (13-36), YW12D, innate defense regulator 1, and cathelicidin 2 (1-13) with thymopentin or the active center of thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) (17-24).
    Summary · context
    Likewise, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms were also evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation murine model.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  17. 17AnimalNot a test of LL-37 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In LPS-treated mice, LTA reduced permeability in the jejunum.

    In plain wordsIn mice with intestinal inflammation, the hybrid peptide made the gut lining less leaky.

    Peptide
    LL-37
    Outcome
    DecreaseJejunal permeability
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    LPS-induced intestinal inflammation murine model
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal protection · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    reduced permeability and apoptosis in the jejunum of LPS-treated mice.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Eight hybrid peptides were designed by combining the active centers of antimicrobial peptides, including LL-37 (13-36), YW12D, innate defense regulator 1, and cathelicidin 2 (1-13) with thymopentin or the active center of thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) (17-24).
    Summary · context
    Likewise, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms were also evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation murine model.

    In this study, LL-37 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking LL-37.

  18. 18AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In LPS-treated mice, LTA reduced permeability in the jejunum.

    In plain wordsIn mice with intestinal inflammation, the hybrid peptide made the gut lining less leaky.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    DecreaseJejunal permeability
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    LPS-induced intestinal inflammation murine model
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal protection · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    reduced permeability and apoptosis in the jejunum of LPS-treated mice.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Eight hybrid peptides were designed by combining the active centers of antimicrobial peptides, including LL-37 (13-36), YW12D, innate defense regulator 1, and cathelicidin 2 (1-13) with thymopentin or the active center of thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) (17-24).
    Summary · context
    Likewise, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms were also evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation murine model.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  19. 19AnimalNot a test of LL-37 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In LPS-treated mice, LTA reduced apoptosis in the jejunum.

    In plain wordsIn mice with intestinal inflammation, the hybrid peptide reduced cell death in the small intestine.

    Peptide
    LL-37
    Outcome
    DecreaseJejunal apoptosis
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    LPS-induced intestinal inflammation murine model
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal protection · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    reduced permeability and apoptosis in the jejunum of LPS-treated mice.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Eight hybrid peptides were designed by combining the active centers of antimicrobial peptides, including LL-37 (13-36), YW12D, innate defense regulator 1, and cathelicidin 2 (1-13) with thymopentin or the active center of thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) (17-24).
    Summary · context
    Likewise, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms were also evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation murine model.

    In this study, LL-37 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking LL-37.

  20. 20AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In LPS-treated mice, LTA reduced apoptosis in the jejunum.

    In plain wordsIn mice with intestinal inflammation, the hybrid peptide reduced cell death in the small intestine.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    DecreaseJejunal apoptosis
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    LPS-induced intestinal inflammation murine model
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal protection · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    reduced permeability and apoptosis in the jejunum of LPS-treated mice.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Eight hybrid peptides were designed by combining the active centers of antimicrobial peptides, including LL-37 (13-36), YW12D, innate defense regulator 1, and cathelicidin 2 (1-13) with thymopentin or the active center of thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) (17-24).
    Summary · context
    Likewise, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms were also evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation murine model.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  21. 21AnimalNot a test of LL-37 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    The anti-inflammatory effect of LTA is associated with neutralizing LPS.

    In plain wordsThe hybrid peptide's anti-inflammatory effect is linked to neutralizing LPS.

    Peptide
    LL-37
    Outcome
    Not applicableLPS neutralization by LTA
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    LPS-induced intestinal inflammation murine model
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    neutralizing LPS, binding to the Toll-like receptor 4-myeloid differentiation factor 2 (TLR4/MD-2) complex, and modulating the nuclear factor-kappa B signal transduction pathway.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Eight hybrid peptides were designed by combining the active centers of antimicrobial peptides, including LL-37 (13-36), YW12D, innate defense regulator 1, and cathelicidin 2 (1-13) with thymopentin or the active center of thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) (17-24).
    Summary · context
    Likewise, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms were also evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation murine model.

    In this study, LL-37 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking LL-37.

  22. 22AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    The anti-inflammatory effect of LTA is associated with neutralizing LPS.

    In plain wordsThe hybrid peptide's anti-inflammatory effect is linked to neutralizing LPS.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    Not applicableLPS neutralization by LTA
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    LPS-induced intestinal inflammation murine model
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    neutralizing LPS, binding to the Toll-like receptor 4-myeloid differentiation factor 2 (TLR4/MD-2) complex, and modulating the nuclear factor-kappa B signal transduction pathway.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Eight hybrid peptides were designed by combining the active centers of antimicrobial peptides, including LL-37 (13-36), YW12D, innate defense regulator 1, and cathelicidin 2 (1-13) with thymopentin or the active center of thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) (17-24).
    Summary · context
    Likewise, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms were also evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation murine model.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  23. 23AnimalNot a test of LL-37 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    The anti-inflammatory effect of LTA is associated with binding to the TLR4/MD-2 complex.

    In plain wordsThe hybrid peptide's anti-inflammatory effect is linked to binding the TLR4/MD-2 complex.

    Peptide
    LL-37
    Outcome
    Not applicableTLR4/MD-2 binding by LTA
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    LPS-induced intestinal inflammation murine model
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    binding to the Toll-like receptor 4-myeloid differentiation factor 2 (TLR4/MD-2) complex, and modulating the nuclear factor-kappa B signal transduction pathway.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Eight hybrid peptides were designed by combining the active centers of antimicrobial peptides, including LL-37 (13-36), YW12D, innate defense regulator 1, and cathelicidin 2 (1-13) with thymopentin or the active center of thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) (17-24).
    Summary · context
    Likewise, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms were also evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation murine model.

    In this study, LL-37 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking LL-37.

  24. 24AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    The anti-inflammatory effect of LTA is associated with binding to the TLR4/MD-2 complex.

    In plain wordsThe hybrid peptide's anti-inflammatory effect is linked to binding the TLR4/MD-2 complex.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    Not applicableTLR4/MD-2 binding by LTA
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    LPS-induced intestinal inflammation murine model
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    binding to the Toll-like receptor 4-myeloid differentiation factor 2 (TLR4/MD-2) complex, and modulating the nuclear factor-kappa B signal transduction pathway.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Eight hybrid peptides were designed by combining the active centers of antimicrobial peptides, including LL-37 (13-36), YW12D, innate defense regulator 1, and cathelicidin 2 (1-13) with thymopentin or the active center of thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) (17-24).
    Summary · context
    Likewise, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms were also evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation murine model.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  25. 25AnimalNot a test of LL-37 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    The anti-inflammatory effect of LTA is associated with modulating the NF-κB signal transduction pathway.

    In plain wordsThe hybrid peptide's anti-inflammatory effect is linked to changes in the NF-κB signaling pathway.

    Peptide
    LL-37
    Outcome
    Not applicableNF-κB pathway modulation by LTA
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    LPS-induced intestinal inflammation murine model
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    modulating the nuclear factor-kappa B signal transduction pathway.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Eight hybrid peptides were designed by combining the active centers of antimicrobial peptides, including LL-37 (13-36), YW12D, innate defense regulator 1, and cathelicidin 2 (1-13) with thymopentin or the active center of thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) (17-24).
    Summary · context
    Likewise, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms were also evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation murine model.

    In this study, LL-37 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking LL-37.

  26. 26AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    The anti-inflammatory effect of LTA is associated with modulating the NF-κB signal transduction pathway.

    In plain wordsThe hybrid peptide's anti-inflammatory effect is linked to changes in the NF-κB signaling pathway.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    Not applicableNF-κB pathway modulation by LTA
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    LPS-induced intestinal inflammation murine model
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    modulating the nuclear factor-kappa B signal transduction pathway.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Eight hybrid peptides were designed by combining the active centers of antimicrobial peptides, including LL-37 (13-36), YW12D, innate defense regulator 1, and cathelicidin 2 (1-13) with thymopentin or the active center of thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) (17-24).
    Summary · context
    Likewise, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms were also evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation murine model.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  27. 27LabNot a test of LL-37 aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome

    In in vitro tests, the hybrid peptide LL‑37-Tα1 (LTA) had improved anti-inflammatory activity.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, a hybrid of LL‑37 and thymosin alpha 1 had improved anti-inflammatory activity.

    Peptide
    LL-37
    Outcome
    IncreaseAnti-inflammatory activity of LTA
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The hybrid peptide, LL-37-Tα1 (LTA), had improved anti-inflammatory activity with minimal cytotoxicity.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Eight hybrid peptides were designed by combining the active centers of antimicrobial peptides, including LL-37 (13-36), YW12D, innate defense regulator 1, and cathelicidin 2 (1-13) with thymopentin or the active center of thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) (17-24).
    Summary · context
    Likewise, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms were also evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation murine model.

    In this study, LL-37 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking LL-37.

  28. 28LabNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome

    In in vitro tests, the hybrid peptide LL-37-Tα1 (LTA) had improved anti-inflammatory activity.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, a hybrid of LL-37 and thymosin alpha‑1 had improved anti-inflammatory activity.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    IncreaseAnti-inflammatory activity of LTA
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The hybrid peptide, LL-37-Tα1 (LTA), had improved anti-inflammatory activity with minimal cytotoxicity.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Eight hybrid peptides were designed by combining the active centers of antimicrobial peptides, including LL-37 (13-36), YW12D, innate defense regulator 1, and cathelicidin 2 (1-13) with thymopentin or the active center of thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) (17-24).
    Summary · context
    Likewise, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms were also evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation murine model.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  29. 29LabNot a test of LL-37 aloneIn vitro (cells)Safety outcome

    In in vitro tests, the hybrid peptide LTA had minimal cytotoxicity.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, the hybrid of LL‑37 and thymosin alpha 1 was only slightly toxic to cells.

    Peptide
    LL-37
    Outcome
    No significant changeCytotoxicity of LTA
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    with minimal cytotoxicity.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Eight hybrid peptides were designed by combining the active centers of antimicrobial peptides, including LL-37 (13-36), YW12D, innate defense regulator 1, and cathelicidin 2 (1-13) with thymopentin or the active center of thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) (17-24).
    Summary · context
    Likewise, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms were also evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation murine model.

    In this study, LL-37 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking LL-37.

  30. 30LabNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneIn vitro (cells)Safety outcome

    In in vitro tests, the hybrid peptide LTA had minimal cytotoxicity.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, the hybrid of LL-37 and thymosin alpha‑1 was only slightly toxic to cells.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    No significant changeCytotoxicity of LTA
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    with minimal cytotoxicity.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Eight hybrid peptides were designed by combining the active centers of antimicrobial peptides, including LL-37 (13-36), YW12D, innate defense regulator 1, and cathelicidin 2 (1-13) with thymopentin or the active center of thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) (17-24).
    Summary · context
    Likewise, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms were also evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation murine model.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 5Current

    10 Oct 2026, 08:55 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Versions 2 to 4

    9 Oct 2026, 03:03 UTC

    The same notice was added 3 times, first on 9 Oct 2026, 03:02 UTC. The status did not change between them.

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 02:57 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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