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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2019

6 results

Impaired Skeletal Muscle Regeneration Induced by Macrophage Depletion Could Be Partly Ameliorated by MGF Injection.

Liu X, Zeng Z, Zhao L, Chen P, Xiao W

Frontiers in physiology17 May 2019Cited by 17 (Europe PMC)

PMID31164836 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC6534059 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.3389/fphys.2019.00601 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-31164836
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Summary

Skeletal muscle injury is one of the most common injuries in sports medicine. Our previous study found that macrophage depletion impairs muscle regeneration and that mechano growth factor (MGF) may play an important role in this process. However, whether injection of MGF protects against impaired muscle regeneration after macrophage depletion has not been explored. Therefore, we generated a muscle contusion and macrophage depletion mouse model and injected MGF into the damaged muscle. Comprehensive morphological and genetic analyses were performed on the injured skeletal muscle after macrophage depletion and MGF injection. The results showed that injection of MGF did not exert a protective effect on muscle fiber regeneration; however, it did decrease fibrosis in the contused skeletal muscle after macrophage depletion. Moreover, MGF injection decreased the expression of muscle inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and TGF-β), chemokines (CCL2, CCL5, and CXCR4), oxidative stress factors (gp91phox) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-10, and MMP-14). These results suggest that the impairment of skeletal muscle regeneration induced by macrophage depletion could be partly ameliorated by MGF injection and that inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress factors, chemokines, and MMP may be involved in this process.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study6

6 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice with muscle contusion and macrophage depletion, MGF injection did not protect muscle fiber regeneration.

    In plain wordsIn mice with muscle injury and no macrophages, MGF injection did not improve muscle fiber regrowth.

    Peptide
    MGF / PEG-MGF
    Outcome
    No significant changeMuscle fiber regeneration
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Muscle contusion with macrophage depletion
    Outcome group
    Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · injection into the damaged muscleAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    injection of MGF did not exert a protective effect on muscle fiber regeneration
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Therefore, we generated a muscle contusion and macrophage depletion mouse model and injected MGF into the damaged muscle.
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice with muscle contusion and macrophage depletion, MGF injection decreased fibrosis in the contused muscle.

    In plain wordsIn mice with muscle injury and no macrophages, MGF injection reduced scar-like tissue in the injured muscle.

    Peptide
    MGF / PEG-MGF
    Outcome
    DecreaseFibrosis in contused muscle
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Muscle contusion with macrophage depletion
    Outcome group
    Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · injection into the damaged muscleAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    it did decrease fibrosis in the contused skeletal muscle after macrophage depletion.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Therefore, we generated a muscle contusion and macrophage depletion mouse model and injected MGF into the damaged muscle.
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In mice with muscle contusion and macrophage depletion, MGF injection decreased expression of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β and TGF-β in the muscle.

    In plain wordsIn mice with muscle injury and no macrophages, MGF injection lowered the activity of four inflammation genes in muscle.

    Peptide
    MGF / PEG-MGF
    Outcome
    DecreaseInflammatory cytokine expression
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Muscle contusion with macrophage depletion
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · injection into the damaged muscleAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Moreover, MGF injection decreased the expression of muscle inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and TGF-β), chemokines (CCL2, CCL5, and CXCR4), oxidative stress factors (gp91phox) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-10, and MMP-14).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Therefore, we generated a muscle contusion and macrophage depletion mouse model and injected MGF into the damaged muscle.
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In mice with muscle contusion and macrophage depletion, MGF injection decreased expression of CCL2, CCL5 and CXCR4 in the muscle.

    In plain wordsIn mice with muscle injury and no macrophages, MGF injection lowered the activity of three immune-signal genes in muscle.

    Peptide
    MGF / PEG-MGF
    Outcome
    DecreaseChemokine expression
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Muscle contusion with macrophage depletion
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · injection into the damaged muscleAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Moreover, MGF injection decreased the expression of muscle inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and TGF-β), chemokines (CCL2, CCL5, and CXCR4), oxidative stress factors (gp91phox) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-10, and MMP-14).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Therefore, we generated a muscle contusion and macrophage depletion mouse model and injected MGF into the damaged muscle.
  5. 05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In mice with muscle contusion and macrophage depletion, MGF injection decreased expression of the oxidative stress factor gp91phox.

    In plain wordsIn mice with muscle injury and no macrophages, MGF injection lowered an oxidative stress marker in muscle.

    Peptide
    MGF / PEG-MGF
    Outcome
    DecreaseOxidative stress factor gp91phox expression
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Muscle contusion with macrophage depletion
    Outcome group
    Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · injection into the damaged muscleAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Moreover, MGF injection decreased the expression of muscle inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and TGF-β), chemokines (CCL2, CCL5, and CXCR4), oxidative stress factors (gp91phox) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-10, and MMP-14).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Therefore, we generated a muscle contusion and macrophage depletion mouse model and injected MGF into the damaged muscle.
  6. 06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In mice with muscle contusion and macrophage depletion, MGF injection decreased expression of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-10 and MMP-14.

    In plain wordsIn mice with muscle injury and no macrophages, MGF injection lowered the activity of five tissue-remodelling enzymes.

    Peptide
    MGF / PEG-MGF
    Outcome
    DecreaseMatrix metalloproteinase expression
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Muscle contusion with macrophage depletion
    Outcome group
    Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · injection into the damaged muscleAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Moreover, MGF injection decreased the expression of muscle inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and TGF-β), chemokines (CCL2, CCL5, and CXCR4), oxidative stress factors (gp91phox) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-10, and MMP-14).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Therefore, we generated a muscle contusion and macrophage depletion mouse model and injected MGF into the damaged muscle.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 21:44 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    13 Oct 2026, 16:31 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

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