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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · rabbit · 2017

11 results

AICAR Administration Attenuates Hemorrhagic Hyperglycemia and Lowers Oxygen Debt in Anesthetized Male Rabbits.

Huang Y, Ratz PH, Miner AS, Locke VA, Chen G, Chen Y, Barbee RW

Frontiers in physiology13 Sept 2017Cited by 1 (Europe PMC)

PMID28955248 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC5601404 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.3389/fphys.2017.00692 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-28955248
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Summary

Background: Many strategies have been utilized to treat traumatic shock via improved oxygen delivery (DO2), while fewer have been used to in an attempt to reduce oxygen demand (VO2). The cellular energy sensor 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has the potential to modulate both whole-body DO2 and VO2. Therefore, we determined the effect of the AMPK activator AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-β-D-ribonucleoside) given acutely or chronically on key metabolites, hemodynamics, and oxygen consumption/delivery before and during hemorrhage in anesthetized male rabbits. Methods: Chronically treated animals received AICAR (40 mg/kg/day, IV) for 10 days prior to hemorrhage, while rabbits in the acute study were infused with AICAR (7.5 mg/kg bolus, 2 mg/kg/min infusion) or vehicle (0.3 ml/kg saline bolus, 0.03 ml/kg/min infusion) IV for 2 h prior to severe hemorrhage. Both acutely and chronically treated animals were sedated (ketamine/xylazine cocktail) the morning of the terminal experiment and surgically prepared for hemorrhage, including the implantation of arterial and venous catheters (for blood removal/sampling and drug/vehicle administration) and thoracotomy for implantation of transit-time flow transducers (for cardiac output determination). Results: AICAR given acutely lowered arterial blood glucose and increased blood lactate levels before hemorrhage, and abolished the well-documented hemorrhage-induced hyperglycemia seen in vehicle treated animals. Animals given AICAR chronically had blunted hemorrhage-induced hyperglycemia without prior baseline changes. Chronically treated AICAR animals showed significantly lower lactate levels during hemorrhage. Rabbits receiving AICAR both acutely and chronically experienced similar falls in mean arterial pressure, cardiac output and hence DO2 to their vehicle counterparts throughout the hemorrhage period. However, rabbits treated either acutely or chronically with AICAR accumulated lower oxygen deficits and debt during hemorrhage compared to vehicle-infused controls. Conclusions: The oxygen debt data suggest that AMPK activation could decrease trauma associated morbidity and mortality, perhaps by mechanisms related to increased glucose utilization. Additional studies are needed to investigate the effects of AICAR and associated mechanisms of action when given during resuscitation from hemorrhage.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study11

8 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rabbits, acute AICAR lowered arterial glucose before hemorrhage.

    In plain wordsIn rabbits, acute AICAR reduced blood glucose before hemorrhage compared with vehicle.

    Peptide
    AICAR (acadesine)
    Outcome
    DecreasePrehemorrhage arterial glucose, acute treatment
    Study

    rabbitn: not reported in source

    anesthetized male rabbits undergoing hemorrhage
    Comparator
    vehicle
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    7.5 mg/kg bolus, 2 mg/kg/min infusion · intravenous · 2 hours before hemorrhageAs given in this study (rabbit).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    AICAR given acutely lowered arterial blood glucose and increased blood lactate levels before hemorrhage, and abolished the well-documented hemorrhage-induced hyperglycemia seen in vehicle treated animals.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Chronically treated animals received AICAR (40 mg/kg/day, IV) for 10 days prior to hemorrhage, while rabbits in the acute study were infused with AICAR (7.5 mg/kg bolus, 2 mg/kg/min infusion) or vehicle (0.3 ml/kg saline bolus, 0.03 ml/kg/min infusion) IV for 2 h prior to severe hemorrhage.
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rabbits, acute AICAR increased blood lactate before hemorrhage.

    In plain wordsIn rabbits, acute AICAR increased blood lactate before hemorrhage compared with vehicle.

    Peptide
    AICAR (acadesine)
    Outcome
    IncreasePrehemorrhage lactate, acute treatment
    Study

    rabbitn: not reported in source

    anesthetized male rabbits undergoing hemorrhage
    Comparator
    vehicle
    Outcome group
    Metabolic pathways and metabolomics · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    7.5 mg/kg bolus, 2 mg/kg/min infusion · intravenous · 2 hours before hemorrhageAs given in this study (rabbit).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    AICAR given acutely lowered arterial blood glucose and increased blood lactate levels before hemorrhage, and abolished the well-documented hemorrhage-induced hyperglycemia seen in vehicle treated animals.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Chronically treated animals received AICAR (40 mg/kg/day, IV) for 10 days prior to hemorrhage, while rabbits in the acute study were infused with AICAR (7.5 mg/kg bolus, 2 mg/kg/min infusion) or vehicle (0.3 ml/kg saline bolus, 0.03 ml/kg/min infusion) IV for 2 h prior to severe hemorrhage.
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rabbits, acute AICAR abolished hemorrhage-induced hyperglycemia observed with vehicle.

    In plain wordsIn rabbits, acute AICAR prevented the blood glucose rise during hemorrhage seen with vehicle.

    Peptide
    AICAR (acadesine)
    Outcome
    DecreaseHemorrhagic hyperglycemia, acute treatment
    Study

    rabbitn: not reported in source

    anesthetized male rabbits undergoing hemorrhage
    Comparator
    vehicle
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    7.5 mg/kg bolus, 2 mg/kg/min infusion · intravenous · 2 hours before hemorrhageAs given in this study (rabbit).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    AICAR given acutely lowered arterial blood glucose and increased blood lactate levels before hemorrhage, and abolished the well-documented hemorrhage-induced hyperglycemia seen in vehicle treated animals.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Chronically treated animals received AICAR (40 mg/kg/day, IV) for 10 days prior to hemorrhage, while rabbits in the acute study were infused with AICAR (7.5 mg/kg bolus, 2 mg/kg/min infusion) or vehicle (0.3 ml/kg saline bolus, 0.03 ml/kg/min infusion) IV for 2 h prior to severe hemorrhage.
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rabbits, chronic AICAR blunted hemorrhage-induced hyperglycemia without prior baseline changes.

    In plain wordsIn rabbits, chronic AICAR reduced the blood glucose rise during hemorrhage compared with vehicle.

    Peptide
    AICAR (acadesine)
    Outcome
    DecreaseHemorrhagic hyperglycemia, chronic treatment
    Study

    rabbitn: not reported in source

    anesthetized male rabbits undergoing hemorrhage
    Comparator
    vehicle
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    40 mg/kg/day · intravenous · 10 daysAs given in this study (rabbit).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Animals given AICAR chronically had blunted hemorrhage-induced hyperglycemia without prior baseline changes.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Chronically treated animals received AICAR (40 mg/kg/day, IV) for 10 days prior to hemorrhage, while rabbits in the acute study were infused with AICAR (7.5 mg/kg bolus, 2 mg/kg/min infusion) or vehicle (0.3 ml/kg saline bolus, 0.03 ml/kg/min infusion) IV for 2 h prior to severe hemorrhage.
  5. 05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rabbits, chronic AICAR did not cause baseline glucose changes before hemorrhage.

    In plain wordsIn rabbits, chronic AICAR did not change baseline blood glucose before hemorrhage.

    Peptide
    AICAR (acadesine)
    Outcome
    No significant changeBaseline glucose, chronic treatment
    Study

    rabbitn: not reported in source

    anesthetized male rabbits undergoing hemorrhage
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    40 mg/kg/day · intravenous · 10 daysAs given in this study (rabbit).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Animals given AICAR chronically had blunted hemorrhage-induced hyperglycemia without prior baseline changes.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Chronically treated animals received AICAR (40 mg/kg/day, IV) for 10 days prior to hemorrhage, while rabbits in the acute study were infused with AICAR (7.5 mg/kg bolus, 2 mg/kg/min infusion) or vehicle (0.3 ml/kg saline bolus, 0.03 ml/kg/min infusion) IV for 2 h prior to severe hemorrhage.
  6. 06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rabbits, chronic AICAR significantly lowered lactate levels during hemorrhage.

    In plain wordsIn rabbits, chronic AICAR reduced lactate during hemorrhage compared with vehicle.

    Peptide
    AICAR (acadesine)
    Outcome
    DecreaseLactate during hemorrhage, chronic treatment
    Study

    rabbitn: not reported in source

    anesthetized male rabbits undergoing hemorrhage
    Comparator
    vehicle
    Outcome group
    Metabolic pathways and metabolomics · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    40 mg/kg/day · intravenous · 10 daysAs given in this study (rabbit).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Chronically treated AICAR animals showed significantly lower lactate levels during hemorrhage.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Chronically treated animals received AICAR (40 mg/kg/day, IV) for 10 days prior to hemorrhage, while rabbits in the acute study were infused with AICAR (7.5 mg/kg bolus, 2 mg/kg/min infusion) or vehicle (0.3 ml/kg saline bolus, 0.03 ml/kg/min infusion) IV for 2 h prior to severe hemorrhage.
  7. 07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rabbits, acute or chronic AICAR reduced accumulated oxygen deficits during hemorrhage compared with vehicle.

    In plain wordsIn rabbits, acute or chronic AICAR reduced oxygen deficits during hemorrhage compared with vehicle.

    Peptide
    AICAR (acadesine)
    Outcome
    DecreaseOxygen deficit during hemorrhage
    Study

    rabbitn: not reported in source

    anesthetized male rabbits undergoing hemorrhage
    Comparator
    vehicle
    Outcome group
    Blood oxygenation and oxygen transport · Whole body
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intravenousAs given in this study (rabbit).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    However, rabbits treated either acutely or chronically with AICAR accumulated lower oxygen deficits and debt during hemorrhage compared to vehicle-infused controls.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Chronically treated animals received AICAR (40 mg/kg/day, IV) for 10 days prior to hemorrhage, while rabbits in the acute study were infused with AICAR (7.5 mg/kg bolus, 2 mg/kg/min infusion) or vehicle (0.3 ml/kg saline bolus, 0.03 ml/kg/min infusion) IV for 2 h prior to severe hemorrhage.
  8. 08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rabbits, acute or chronic AICAR reduced accumulated oxygen debt during hemorrhage compared with vehicle.

    In plain wordsIn rabbits, acute or chronic AICAR reduced oxygen debt during hemorrhage compared with vehicle.

    Peptide
    AICAR (acadesine)
    Outcome
    DecreaseOxygen debt during hemorrhage
    Study

    rabbitn: not reported in source

    anesthetized male rabbits undergoing hemorrhage
    Comparator
    vehicle
    Outcome group
    Blood oxygenation and oxygen transport · Whole body
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intravenousAs given in this study (rabbit).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    However, rabbits treated either acutely or chronically with AICAR accumulated lower oxygen deficits and debt during hemorrhage compared to vehicle-infused controls.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Chronically treated animals received AICAR (40 mg/kg/day, IV) for 10 days prior to hemorrhage, while rabbits in the acute study were infused with AICAR (7.5 mg/kg bolus, 2 mg/kg/min infusion) or vehicle (0.3 ml/kg saline bolus, 0.03 ml/kg/min infusion) IV for 2 h prior to severe hemorrhage.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone3

In this study, AICAR (acadesine) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking AICAR (acadesine).

  1. 09AnimalNot a test of AICAR (acadesine) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rabbits, acute and chronic AICAR groups showed falls in mean arterial pressure similar to vehicle during hemorrhage.

    In plain wordsIn rabbits, blood pressure fell similarly with acute or chronic AICAR and vehicle during hemorrhage.

    Peptide
    AICAR (acadesine)
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedMean arterial pressure during hemorrhage
    Study

    rabbitn: not reported in source

    anesthetized male rabbits undergoing hemorrhage
    Comparator
    vehicle
    Outcome group
    Blood pressure · Cardiovascular

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Rabbits receiving AICAR both acutely and chronically experienced similar falls in mean arterial pressure, cardiac output and hence DO2 to their vehicle counterparts throughout the hemorrhage period.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Chronically treated animals received AICAR (40 mg/kg/day, IV) for 10 days prior to hemorrhage, while rabbits in the acute study were infused with AICAR (7.5 mg/kg bolus, 2 mg/kg/min infusion) or vehicle (0.3 ml/kg saline bolus, 0.03 ml/kg/min infusion) IV for 2 h prior to severe hemorrhage.

    In this study, AICAR (acadesine) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking AICAR (acadesine).

  2. 10AnimalNot a test of AICAR (acadesine) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rabbits, acute and chronic AICAR groups showed falls in cardiac output similar to vehicle during hemorrhage.

    In plain wordsIn rabbits, cardiac output fell similarly with acute or chronic AICAR and vehicle during hemorrhage.

    Peptide
    AICAR (acadesine)
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedCardiac output during hemorrhage
    Study

    rabbitn: not reported in source

    anesthetized male rabbits undergoing hemorrhage
    Comparator
    vehicle
    Outcome group
    Heart function · Cardiovascular

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Rabbits receiving AICAR both acutely and chronically experienced similar falls in mean arterial pressure, cardiac output and hence DO2 to their vehicle counterparts throughout the hemorrhage period.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Chronically treated animals received AICAR (40 mg/kg/day, IV) for 10 days prior to hemorrhage, while rabbits in the acute study were infused with AICAR (7.5 mg/kg bolus, 2 mg/kg/min infusion) or vehicle (0.3 ml/kg saline bolus, 0.03 ml/kg/min infusion) IV for 2 h prior to severe hemorrhage.

    In this study, AICAR (acadesine) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking AICAR (acadesine).

  3. 11AnimalNot a test of AICAR (acadesine) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rabbits, acute and chronic AICAR groups showed falls in oxygen delivery similar to vehicle during hemorrhage.

    In plain wordsIn rabbits, oxygen delivery fell similarly with acute or chronic AICAR and vehicle during hemorrhage.

    Peptide
    AICAR (acadesine)
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedOxygen delivery during hemorrhage
    Study

    rabbitn: not reported in source

    anesthetized male rabbits undergoing hemorrhage
    Comparator
    vehicle
    Outcome group
    Blood oxygenation and oxygen transport · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Rabbits receiving AICAR both acutely and chronically experienced similar falls in mean arterial pressure, cardiac output and hence DO2 to their vehicle counterparts throughout the hemorrhage period.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Chronically treated animals received AICAR (40 mg/kg/day, IV) for 10 days prior to hemorrhage, while rabbits in the acute study were infused with AICAR (7.5 mg/kg bolus, 2 mg/kg/min infusion) or vehicle (0.3 ml/kg saline bolus, 0.03 ml/kg/min infusion) IV for 2 h prior to severe hemorrhage.

    In this study, AICAR (acadesine) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking AICAR (acadesine).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    21 Oct 2026, 15:58 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    21 Oct 2026, 12:50 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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