Aerobic Exercise Training Selectively Changes Oxysterol Levels and Metabolism Reducing Cholesterol Accumulation in the Aorta of Dyslipidemic Mice.

Ferreira GS, Pinto PR, Iborra RT, Del Bianco V, Santana MFM, Nakandakare ER, Nunes VS, Negrão CE, Catanozi S, Passarelli M

Frontiers in physiology5 Sept 2017Cited by 11 (Europe PMC)

PMID28928671PMCIDPMC5591863DOI10.3389/fphys.2017.00644PepBankPUB-28928671

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Summary

Background: Oxysterols are bioactive lipids that control cellular cholesterol synthesis, uptake, and exportation besides mediating inflammation and cytotoxicity that modulate the development of atherosclerosis. Aerobic exercise training (AET) prevents and regresses atherosclerosis by the improvement of lipid metabolism, reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and antioxidant defenses in the arterial wall. We investigated in dyslipidemic mice the role of a 6-week AET program in the content of plasma and aortic arch cholesterol and oxysterols, the expression of genes related to cholesterol flux and the effect of the exercise-mimetic AICAR, an AMPK activator, in macrophage oxysterols concentration. Methods: Sixteen-week old male apo E KO mice fed a chow diet were included in the protocol. Animals were trained in a treadmill running, 15 m/min, 5 days/week, for 60 min (T; n = 29). A control group was kept sedentary (S; n = 32). Plasma lipids and glucose were determined by enzymatic techniques and glucometer, respectively. Cholesterol and oxysterols in aortic arch and macrophages were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism was determined by RT-qPCR. The effect of AMPK in oxysterols metabolism was determined in J774 macrophages treated with 0.25 mM AICAR. Results: Body weight and plasma TC, TG, HDL-c, glucose, and oxysterols were similar between groups. As compared to S group, AET enhanced 7β-hydroxycholesterol (70%) and reduced cholesterol (32%) in aorta. In addition, exercise increased Cyp27a1 (54%), Cd36 (75%), Cat (70%), Prkaa1 (40%), and Prkaa2 (51%) mRNA. In macrophages, the activation of AMPK followed by incubation with HDL₂ increased Abca1 (52%) and Cd36 (220%) and decrease Prkaa1 (19%), Cyp27a1 (47%) and 7α-hydroxycholesterol level. Conclusion: AET increases 7β-hydroxycholesterol in the aortic arch of dyslipidemic mice, which is related to the enhanced expression of Cd36. In addition, the increase and reduction of Cyp27a1 and Cyp7b1 in trained mice may contribute to enhance levels of 27-OH C. Both oxysterols may act as an alternative pathway for the RCT contributing to the reduction of cholesterol in the aortic arch preventing atherogenesis.

CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study5

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone5

In this study, AICAR (acadesine) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking AICAR (acadesine).

01LabNot a test of AICAR (acadesine) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In J774 macrophages, AICAR-mediated AMPK activation followed by HDL2 incubation increased Abca1 expression by 52%.
In plain wordsIn cells, AICAR treatment followed by HDL incubation increased Abca1 expression.
Peptide
AICAR (acadesine)
Outcome
IncreaseAbca1 expression
Study
n: not reported in source
J774 macrophages treated with AICAR followed by HDL2
Outcome group
Lipids · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
Abca1 increase
52%
AICAR followed by HDL2
Source sentences
Summary
In macrophages, the activation of AMPK followed by incubation with HDL₂ increased Abca1 (52%) and Cd36 (220%) and decrease Prkaa1 (19%), Cyp27a1 (47%) and 7α-hydroxycholesterol level.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The effect of AMPK in oxysterols metabolism was determined in J774 macrophages treated with 0.25 mM AICAR.
In this study, AICAR (acadesine) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking AICAR (acadesine).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2892867101
02LabNot a test of AICAR (acadesine) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In J774 macrophages, AICAR-mediated AMPK activation followed by HDL2 incubation increased Cd36 expression by 220%.
In plain wordsIn cells, AICAR treatment followed by HDL incubation increased Cd36 expression.
Peptide
AICAR (acadesine)
Outcome
IncreaseCd36 expression
Study
n: not reported in source
J774 macrophages treated with AICAR followed by HDL2
Outcome group
Lipids · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
Cd36 increase
220%
AICAR followed by HDL2
Source sentences
Summary
In macrophages, the activation of AMPK followed by incubation with HDL₂ increased Abca1 (52%) and Cd36 (220%) and decrease Prkaa1 (19%), Cyp27a1 (47%) and 7α-hydroxycholesterol level.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The effect of AMPK in oxysterols metabolism was determined in J774 macrophages treated with 0.25 mM AICAR.
In this study, AICAR (acadesine) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking AICAR (acadesine).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2892867102
03LabNot a test of AICAR (acadesine) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In J774 macrophages, AICAR-mediated AMPK activation followed by HDL2 incubation decreased Prkaa1 expression by 19%.
In plain wordsIn cells, AICAR treatment followed by HDL incubation reduced Prkaa1 expression.
Peptide
AICAR (acadesine)
Outcome
DecreasePrkaa1 expression
Study
n: not reported in source
J774 macrophages treated with AICAR followed by HDL2
Outcome group
Lipids · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
Prkaa1 decrease
19%
AICAR followed by HDL2
Source sentences
Summary
In macrophages, the activation of AMPK followed by incubation with HDL₂ increased Abca1 (52%) and Cd36 (220%) and decrease Prkaa1 (19%), Cyp27a1 (47%) and 7α-hydroxycholesterol level.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The effect of AMPK in oxysterols metabolism was determined in J774 macrophages treated with 0.25 mM AICAR.
In this study, AICAR (acadesine) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking AICAR (acadesine).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2892867103
04LabNot a test of AICAR (acadesine) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In J774 macrophages, AICAR-mediated AMPK activation followed by HDL2 incubation decreased Cyp27a1 expression by 47%.
In plain wordsIn cells, AICAR treatment followed by HDL incubation reduced Cyp27a1 expression.
Peptide
AICAR (acadesine)
Outcome
DecreaseCyp27a1 expression
Study
n: not reported in source
J774 macrophages treated with AICAR followed by HDL2
Outcome group
Lipids · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
Cyp27a1 decrease
47%
AICAR followed by HDL2
Source sentences
Summary
In macrophages, the activation of AMPK followed by incubation with HDL₂ increased Abca1 (52%) and Cd36 (220%) and decrease Prkaa1 (19%), Cyp27a1 (47%) and 7α-hydroxycholesterol level.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The effect of AMPK in oxysterols metabolism was determined in J774 macrophages treated with 0.25 mM AICAR.
In this study, AICAR (acadesine) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking AICAR (acadesine).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2892867104
05LabNot a test of AICAR (acadesine) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In J774 macrophages, AICAR-mediated AMPK activation followed by HDL2 incubation decreased 7α-hydroxycholesterol levels.
In plain wordsIn cells, AICAR treatment followed by HDL incubation reduced 7α-hydroxycholesterol levels.
Peptide
AICAR (acadesine)
Outcome
Decrease7alpha-hydroxycholesterol level
Study
n: not reported in source
J774 macrophages treated with AICAR followed by HDL2
Outcome group
Lipids · Metabolic and weight
Source sentences
Summary
In macrophages, the activation of AMPK followed by incubation with HDL₂ increased Abca1 (52%) and Cd36 (220%) and decrease Prkaa1 (19%), Cyp27a1 (47%) and 7α-hydroxycholesterol level.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The effect of AMPK in oxysterols metabolism was determined in J774 macrophages treated with 0.25 mM AICAR.
In this study, AICAR (acadesine) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking AICAR (acadesine).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2892867105

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

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Version 2Current
21 Oct 2026, 15:58 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
21 Oct 2026, 12:50 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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