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Study · In vitro (cells) · 2016

9 results

Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-2 Attenuation of Protein Kinase C-Induced Inflammation in Human Ovarian Granulosa Cells.

Chao YN, Sun D, Peng YC, Wu YL

International journal of molecular sciences19 Aug 2016Cited by 4 (Europe PMC)

PMID27548147 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC5000754 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.3390/ijms17081359 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-27548147
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Summary

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) are two important inflammatory mediators in ovulation. Ghrelin may modulate inflammatory signaling via growth hormone secretagogue receptors. We investigated the role of ghrelin in KGN human ovarian granulosa cells using protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol 12, 13-didecanoate (PDD) and synthetic ghrelin analog growth hormone releasing peptide-2 (GHRP-2). GHRP-2 attenuated PDD-induced expression of protein and mRNA, the promoter activity of COX-2 and IL-8 genes, and the secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE₂) and IL-8. GHRP-2 promoted the degradation of PDD-induced COX-2 and IL-8 proteins with the involvement of proteasomal and lysosomal pathways. PDD-mediated COX-2 production acts via the p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathways; PDD-mediated IL-8 production acts via the p38, JNK and ERK pathways. GHRP-2 reduced the PDD-induced phosphorylation of p38 and JNK and activator protein 1 (AP-1) reporter activation and PDD-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation and reporter activation. The inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) and protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A) reduced the inhibitory effect of GHRP-2 on PDD-induced COX-2 and IL-8 expression. Our findings demonstrate an anti-inflammatory role for ghrelin (GHRP-2) in PKC-mediated inflammation of granulosa cells, at least in part, due to its inhibitory effect on PKC-induced activation of p38, JNK and NF-κB, possibly by targeting to MKP-1 and PP2A.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study9

9 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In KGN human ovarian granulosa cells, GHRP‑2 attenuated PDD-induced protein and mRNA expression of COX-2 and IL-8.

    In plain wordsIn cells, GHRP‑2 reduced the inflammatory signals COX-2 and IL-8 that a chemical had raised.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    DecreasePDD-induced COX-2 and IL-8 protein and mRNA expression
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    KGN human ovarian granulosa cells
    Comparator
    PDD alone
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    GHRP-2 attenuated PDD-induced expression of protein and mRNA, the promoter activity of COX-2 and IL-8 genes
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    We investigated the role of ghrelin in KGN human ovarian granulosa cells using protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol 12, 13-didecanoate (PDD) and synthetic ghrelin analog growth hormone releasing peptide-2 (GHRP-2).
  2. 02LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In KGN cells, GHRP‑2 attenuated the PDD-induced promoter activity of the COX-2 and IL-8 genes.

    In plain wordsIn cells, GHRP‑2 lowered the switching-on of the COX-2 and IL-8 genes.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    DecreasePDD-induced COX-2 and IL-8 promoter activity
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    KGN human ovarian granulosa cells
    Comparator
    PDD alone
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    GHRP-2 attenuated PDD-induced expression of protein and mRNA, the promoter activity of COX-2 and IL-8 genes, and the secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE₂) and IL-8.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    We investigated the role of ghrelin in KGN human ovarian granulosa cells using protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol 12, 13-didecanoate (PDD) and synthetic ghrelin analog growth hormone releasing peptide-2 (GHRP-2).
  3. 03LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In KGN cells, GHRP‑2 attenuated the PDD-induced secretion of prostaglandin E2.

    In plain wordsIn cells, GHRP‑2 lowered release of the inflammatory molecule prostaglandin E2.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    DecreasePDD-induced PGE2 secretion
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    KGN human ovarian granulosa cells
    Comparator
    PDD alone
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    GHRP-2 attenuated PDD-induced expression of protein and mRNA, the promoter activity of COX-2 and IL-8 genes, and the secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE₂) and IL-8.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    We investigated the role of ghrelin in KGN human ovarian granulosa cells using protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol 12, 13-didecanoate (PDD) and synthetic ghrelin analog growth hormone releasing peptide-2 (GHRP-2).
  4. 04LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In KGN cells, GHRP‑2 attenuated the PDD-induced secretion of IL-8.

    In plain wordsIn cells, GHRP‑2 lowered release of the inflammatory molecule IL-8.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    DecreasePDD-induced IL-8 secretion
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    KGN human ovarian granulosa cells
    Comparator
    PDD alone
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    GHRP-2 attenuated PDD-induced expression of protein and mRNA, the promoter activity of COX-2 and IL-8 genes, and the secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE₂) and IL-8.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    We investigated the role of ghrelin in KGN human ovarian granulosa cells using protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol 12, 13-didecanoate (PDD) and synthetic ghrelin analog growth hormone releasing peptide-2 (GHRP-2).
  5. 05LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In KGN cells, GHRP‑2 promoted the degradation of PDD-induced COX-2 and IL-8 proteins through proteasomal and lysosomal pathways.

    In plain wordsIn cells, GHRP‑2 helped break down the COX-2 and IL-8 proteins.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    DecreaseDegradation of PDD-induced COX-2 and IL-8 proteins
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    KGN human ovarian granulosa cells
    Comparator
    PDD alone
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    GHRP-2 promoted the degradation of PDD-induced COX-2 and IL-8 proteins with the involvement of proteasomal and lysosomal pathways.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    We investigated the role of ghrelin in KGN human ovarian granulosa cells using protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol 12, 13-didecanoate (PDD) and synthetic ghrelin analog growth hormone releasing peptide-2 (GHRP-2).
  6. 06LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In KGN cells, GHRP‑2 reduced the PDD-induced phosphorylation of p38 and JNK.

    In plain wordsIn cells, GHRP‑2 lowered activation of the p38 and JNK signalling proteins.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    DecreasePDD-induced phosphorylation of p38 and JNK
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    KGN human ovarian granulosa cells
    Comparator
    PDD alone
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    GHRP-2 reduced the PDD-induced phosphorylation of p38 and JNK and activator protein 1 (AP-1) reporter activation
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    We investigated the role of ghrelin in KGN human ovarian granulosa cells using protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol 12, 13-didecanoate (PDD) and synthetic ghrelin analog growth hormone releasing peptide-2 (GHRP-2).
  7. 07LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In KGN cells, GHRP‑2 reduced the PDD-induced activator protein 1 reporter activation.

    In plain wordsIn cells, GHRP‑2 lowered activation of the AP-1 signal.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    DecreasePDD-induced AP-1 reporter activation
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    KGN human ovarian granulosa cells
    Comparator
    PDD alone
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    GHRP-2 reduced the PDD-induced phosphorylation of p38 and JNK and activator protein 1 (AP-1) reporter activation and PDD-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation and reporter activation.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    We investigated the role of ghrelin in KGN human ovarian granulosa cells using protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol 12, 13-didecanoate (PDD) and synthetic ghrelin analog growth hormone releasing peptide-2 (GHRP-2).
  8. 08LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In KGN cells, GHRP‑2 reduced PDD-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation and reporter activation.

    In plain wordsIn cells, GHRP‑2 lowered activation of the NF-κB inflammation signal.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    DecreasePDD-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation and reporter activation
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    KGN human ovarian granulosa cells
    Comparator
    PDD alone
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    GHRP-2 reduced the PDD-induced phosphorylation of p38 and JNK and activator protein 1 (AP-1) reporter activation and PDD-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation and reporter activation.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    We investigated the role of ghrelin in KGN human ovarian granulosa cells using protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol 12, 13-didecanoate (PDD) and synthetic ghrelin analog growth hormone releasing peptide-2 (GHRP-2).
  9. 09LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In KGN cells, inhibitors of MKP-1 and PP2A reduced the inhibitory effect of GHRP‑2 on PDD-induced COX-2 and IL-8 expression.

    In plain wordsIn cells, blocking the enzymes MKP-1 and PP2A weakened the anti-inflammatory effect of GHRP‑2.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    Not applicableEffect of MKP-1 and PP2A inhibitors on GHRP-2 action
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    KGN human ovarian granulosa cells
    Comparator
    GHRP-2 without inhibitors
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) and protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A) reduced the inhibitory effect of GHRP-2 on PDD-induced COX-2 and IL-8 expression.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    We investigated the role of ghrelin in KGN human ovarian granulosa cells using protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol 12, 13-didecanoate (PDD) and synthetic ghrelin analog growth hormone releasing peptide-2 (GHRP-2).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 21:44 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    13 Oct 2026, 16:31 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

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