Serum thymosin α 1 levels in patients with chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases.

Pica F, Chimenti MS, Gaziano R, Buè C, Casalinuovo IA, Triggianese P, Conigliaro P, Di Carlo D, Cordero V, Adorno G, Volpi A, Perricone R, Garaci E

Clinical and experimental immunology1 Aug 2016Cited by 16 (Europe PMC)

PMID27350088DOI10.1111/cei.12833PepBankPUB-27350088

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study7

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured7

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

01HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther
Patients with psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus had lower serum thymosin alpha‑1 levels than healthy controls.
In plain wordsPeople with these autoimmune diseases had lower levels of the body's own thymosin alpha‑1 than healthy people.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
DecreaseSerum Tα1 in patients versus healthy controls
Study
n = 320
Comparator
Healthy controls
Outcome group
Immune response · Immune and inflammation
Source sentences
Summary
Patients had lower serum Tα1 levels than HC (P < 0·0001)
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We studied a cohort of healthy individuals in comparison with patients affected by chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin alpha-1. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2735008802
02HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther
Serum thymosin alpha‑1 was lowest in patients with psoriatic arthritis compared with all other groups.
In plain wordsNatural thymosin alpha‑1 levels were lowest in people with psoriatic arthritis compared with all other groups.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
DecreaseSerum Tα1 in psoriatic arthritis versus other groups
Study
n = 320
Comparator
All other groups
Outcome group
Immune response · Immune and inflammation
Source sentences
Summary
the lowest were observed in PsA group (P < 0·0001 versus all the other groups).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We studied a cohort of healthy individuals in comparison with patients affected by chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin alpha-1. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2735008803
03HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther
Whatever treatment patients took, their serum thymosin alpha‑1 stayed significantly lower than in healthy controls.
In plain wordsWhatever treatment patients took, their natural thymosin alpha‑1 levels stayed lower than in healthy people.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
DecreaseSerum Tα1 in treated patients versus healthy controls
Study
n = 320
Comparator
Healthy controls
Outcome group
Immune response · Immune and inflammation
Source sentences
Summary
However, whichever type of treatment was taken by the patients, serum Tα1 was still significantly lower than in HC
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We studied a cohort of healthy individuals in comparison with patients affected by chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin alpha-1. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2735008806
04HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther
Among patients, those taking DMARD plus steroids had higher serum thymosin alpha‑1 than those taking DMARD alone or no treatment.
In plain wordsPatients on DMARD plus steroids had higher levels of the body's own thymosin alpha‑1 than patients on DMARD alone or no treatment.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
IncreaseSerum Tα1 by treatment: DMARD plus steroids
Study
n = 200
Comparator
DMARD alone or no treatment
Outcome group
Immune response · Immune and inflammation
Source sentences
Summary
Among all patients, those who at the time of blood collection were taking disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD) plus steroids had significantly higher Tα1 levels than those taking DMARD alone (P = 0·044) or no treatment (P < 0·0001)
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We studied a cohort of healthy individuals in comparison with patients affected by chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin alpha-1. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2735008804
05HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther
Serum thymosin alpha‑1 in patients taking DMARD plus steroids did not differ significantly from patients taking steroids alone.
In plain wordsNatural thymosin alpha‑1 levels in patients on DMARD plus steroids were not significantly different from patients on steroids alone.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
No significant changeSerum Tα1 by treatment: DMARD plus steroids versus steroids alone
Study
n = 200
Comparator
Steroids alone
Outcome group
Immune response · Immune and inflammation
Source sentences
Summary
but not of those taking steroids alone (P = 0·280).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We studied a cohort of healthy individuals in comparison with patients affected by chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin alpha-1. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2735008805
06HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther
In healthy blood donors, serum thymosin alpha‑1 levels were lower in females than in males.
In plain wordsIn healthy blood donors, women had lower levels of the body's own thymosin alpha‑1 than men.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
DecreaseSerum Tα1 in healthy controls by sex
Study
n = 120
Comparator
Healthy males
Outcome group
Immune response · Immune and inflammation
Source sentences
Summary
A gender difference was found in the HC group, where females had lower serum Tα1 levels than males (P < 0·0001).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Sera from 120 blood donors (healthy controls, HC), 120 patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), 40 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 40 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Summary · context
We studied a cohort of healthy individuals in comparison with patients affected by chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin alpha-1. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2735008801
07HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther
In patients with psoriatic arthritis, serum thymosin alpha‑1 did not differ by treatment type.
In plain wordsIn people with psoriatic arthritis, natural thymosin alpha‑1 levels did not differ between treatment types.
Peptide
Thymosin alpha-1
Outcome
No significant changeSerum Tα1 by treatment in psoriatic arthritis
Study
n = 120
Comparator
Other treatment groups
Outcome group
Immune response · Immune and inflammation
Source sentences
Summary
and there was no treatment-related difference in PsA group.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We studied a cohort of healthy individuals in comparison with patients affected by chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin alpha-1. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2735008807

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 3Current
10 Oct 2026, 08:55 UTC
Study results updated
Version 2
9 Oct 2026, 03:03 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:02 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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