Anxiolytic effects of Gly-His-Lys peptide and its analogs.

Bobyntsev II, Chernysheva OI, Dolgintsev ME, Smakhtin MY, Belykh AE

Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine23 Apr 2015Cited by 9 (Europe PMC)

PMID25900608DOI10.1007/s10517-015-2847-3PepBankPUB-25900608

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study6

3 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In male rats, Gly-His-Lys increased time spent in open arms of the elevated plus maze.
In plain wordsIn rats, Gly-His-Lys increased time spent in open maze arms.
Peptide
GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine)
Outcome
IncreaseTime in open arms
Study
ratsn: not reported in source
Male rats in elevated plus maze
Outcome group
Anxiety and mood · Mental health and mood
Studied dose
0.5, 5, and 50 μg/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rats).
Source sentences
Summary
Intraperitoneal administration of tripeptide Gly-His-Lys to male rats in doses of 0.5, 5, and 50 μg/kg 12 min before the start of the experiment produced an anxiolytic effect in the elevated plus maze test manifested in an increase in the time spent in open arms and shortened time spent in the closed arms.
Report a problemFND-2590060801
02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In male rats, Gly-His-Lys shortened time spent in closed arms of the elevated plus maze.
In plain wordsIn rats, Gly-His-Lys reduced time spent in closed maze arms.
Peptide
GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine)
Outcome
DecreaseTime in closed arms
Study
ratsn: not reported in source
Male rats in elevated plus maze
Outcome group
Anxiety and mood · Mental health and mood
Studied dose
0.5, 5, and 50 μg/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rats).
Source sentences
Summary
Intraperitoneal administration of tripeptide Gly-His-Lys to male rats in doses of 0.5, 5, and 50 μg/kg 12 min before the start of the experiment produced an anxiolytic effect in the elevated plus maze test manifested in an increase in the time spent in open arms and shortened time spent in the closed arms.
Report a problemFND-2590060802
03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats, the anxiolytic effect of Gly-His-Lys was greatest at 0.5 μg/kg and decreased as dose increased.
In plain wordsIn rats, Gly-His-Lys reduced anxiety most at 0.5 μg/kg compared with higher doses.
Peptide
GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine)
Outcome
IncreaseDose-dependent anxiolytic effect
Study
ratsn: not reported in source
Male rats in elevated plus maze
Comparator
Higher Gly-His-Lys doses
Outcome group
Anxiety and mood · Mental health and mood
Studied dose
0.5 μg/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rats).
Source sentences
Summary
The anxiolytic effect was most pronounced after injection of 0.5 μg/kg peptide and decreased with increasing the dose of the peptide.
Report a problemFND-2590060803

Studies that did not test the peptide alone3

In this study, GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine).

04AnimalNot a test of GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats, replacement of L-lysine with D-lysine significantly weakened Gly-His-Lys analog neurotropic effects at all studied doses.
In plain wordsIn rats, the D-lysine analog showed weaker neurotropic effects than unmodified Gly-His-Lys at all studied doses.
Peptide
GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine)
Outcome
DecreaseD-lysine analog neurotropic effects
Study
ratsn: not reported in source
Male rats in elevated plus maze
Comparator
Unmodified Gly-His-Lys
Outcome group
Anxiety and mood · Mental health and mood
Source sentences
Summary
Replacement of L-lysine with D-lysine in the tripeptide molecule was accompanied by a significant weakening of the neurotropic effects in all studied doses.
In this study, GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine).
Report a problemFND-2590060804
05AnimalNot a test of GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats, attachment of D-alanine to either terminus of Gly-His-Lys leveled its anxiolytic action at all doses.
In plain wordsIn rats, D-alanine attachment removed the anxiety-reducing action reported for unmodified Gly-His-Lys.
Peptide
GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine)
Outcome
DecreaseD-alanine analog anxiolytic action
Study
ratsn: not reported in source
Male rats in elevated plus maze
Comparator
Unmodified Gly-His-Lys
Outcome group
Anxiety and mood · Mental health and mood
Source sentences
Summary
Attachment of D-alanine to N- or C-terminus of Gly-His-Lys peptide leveled its anxiolytic action in all doses;
In this study, GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine).
Report a problemFND-2590060805
06AnimalNot a test of GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats, D-alanine Gly-His-Lys analogs at 50 μg/kg significantly changed some measures toward increased anxiety.
In plain wordsIn rats, D-alanine Gly-His-Lys analogs increased some anxiety measures at 50 μg/kg.
Peptide
GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine)
Outcome
IncreaseD-alanine analog anxiety measures
Study
ratsn: not reported in source
Male rats in elevated plus maze
Outcome group
Anxiety and mood · Mental health and mood
Source sentences
Summary
significant changes in some measures of increased anxiety after administration at 50 μg/kg were found.
In this study, GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine).
Report a problemFND-2590060806

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
14 Oct 2026, 05:02 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
14 Oct 2026, 01:46 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

Publication types

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MeSH terms

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