Skip to content

Study · Not a test of the peptide alone · 2016

5 results

Physicochemical characterization of native glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine tripeptide for wound healing and anti-aging: a preformulation study for dermal delivery.

Badenhorst T, Svirskis D, Wu Z

Pharmaceutical development and technology11 Nov 2014Cited by 10 (Europe PMC)

PMID25384620 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.3109/10837450.2014.979944 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-25384620
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
Jump to 5 results

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study5

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone5

In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.

  1. 01LabNot a test of GHK-Cu aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other

    GHK‑Cu was susceptible to hydrolytic cleavage under basic and oxidative stress, and less under acidic stress, with first-order degradation.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, the peptide broke down under basic and oxidizing conditions, and less so under acidic conditions.

    Peptide
    GHK-Cu
    Outcome
    Not applicableDegradation under stress conditions
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The peptide was susceptible to hydrolytic cleavage under basic and oxidative stressors and to a lesser extent acidic stress with first-order degradation profiles.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This study investigates the physicochemical properties of glycyl-histidyl-lysine-copper (GHK-Cu) to support the development of a formulation for effective topical delivery.

    In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.

  2. 02LabNot a test of GHK-Cu aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other

    GHK‑Cu was stable in water and in pH 4.5-7.4 buffers for at least two weeks at 60 °C.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, the peptide stayed stable in water and in buffers for at least two weeks at 60 °C.

    Peptide
    GHK-Cu
    Outcome
    No significant changeStability in water and buffers
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology

    Measurements

    temperature
    60°C
    stability test
    pH range
    4.5 to 7.4
    buffers

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Surprisingly, the peptide was stable in water and in pH (4.5-7.4) buffers for at least two weeks at 60  °C.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This study investigates the physicochemical properties of glycyl-histidyl-lysine-copper (GHK-Cu) to support the development of a formulation for effective topical delivery.

    In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.

  3. 03LabNot a test of GHK-Cu aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other

    HPLC with mass spectrometry identified three key degradation products of GHK‑Cu, one of which was histidine.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, three breakdown products of the peptide were identified, one of them the amino acid histidine.

    Peptide
    GHK-Cu
    Outcome
    Not applicableDegradation products identified by HPLC-MS
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The HPLC in conjunction with mass spectrometry identified three key degradation products, one of which was the constituent amino acid histidine.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This study investigates the physicochemical properties of glycyl-histidyl-lysine-copper (GHK-Cu) to support the development of a formulation for effective topical delivery.

    In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.

  4. 04LabNot a test of GHK-Cu aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other

    Log D values of -2.38 to -2.49 in octanol-phosphate buffered saline showed that GHK‑Cu is highly hydrophilic.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, the peptide dissolved far better in water than in oil.

    Peptide
    GHK-Cu
    Outcome
    Not applicableDistribution coefficient (log D)
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology

    Measurements

    log D
    −2.38
    octanol-PBS, pH 4.5-7.4
    log D
    −2.49
    octanol-PBS, pH 4.5-7.4

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The distribution coefficients in octanol-phosphate buffered saline indicated the highly hydrophilic nature of GHK-Cu with log D values between -2.38 and -2.49 at pH range of 4.5-7.4.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This study investigates the physicochemical properties of glycyl-histidyl-lysine-copper (GHK-Cu) to support the development of a formulation for effective topical delivery.

    In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.

  5. 05LabNot a test of GHK-Cu aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other

    GHK‑Cu was compatible with Span 60 based niosomes but less stable with the negatively charged lipid dicetyl phosphate.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, the peptide was compatible with Span 60 niosomes but less stable with dicetyl phosphate.

    Peptide
    GHK-Cu
    Outcome
    MixedCompatibility with niosome components
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Furthermore, GHK-Cu was compatible with Span 60 based niosomes but less stable in the presence of the negatively charged lipid dicetyl phosphate.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This study investigates the physicochemical properties of glycyl-histidyl-lysine-copper (GHK-Cu) to support the development of a formulation for effective topical delivery.

    In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 3Current

    10 Oct 2026, 08:19 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 2

    9 Oct 2026, 03:03 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 02:56 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.