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Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 2014

5 results

Prenatal vitamin D₃ supplementation suppresses LL-37 peptide expression in ex vivo activated neonatal macrophages but not their killing capacity.

Raqib R, Ly A, Akhtar E, Mily A, Perumal N, Al-Mahmud A, Rekha RS, Hel Baqui A, Roth DE

The British journal of nutrition4 Aug 2014Cited by 10 (Europe PMC)

PMID25089537 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1017/s0007114514001512 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-25089537
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study5

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured4

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01HumanEndogenous levelRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In neonates of healthy pregnant women, prenatal vitamin D3 supplementation did not increase LL‑37 peptide levels in cord plasma versus placebo.

    In plain wordsVitamin D given to pregnant women did not raise the body's own LL‑37 levels in the newborn's plasma compared with placebo.

    Peptide
    LL-37
    Outcome
    No significant changePlasma LL-37 peptide level in cord blood
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    VitD₃ supplementation did not increase LL-37 peptide levels in plasma or in the extracellular fluid of macrophages with or without TLR4L induction.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Healthy pregnant women (n 129) attending a clinic in Dhaka were randomised to receive either a weekly oral dose of 0·875 mg vitD₃ or placebo starting from 26 weeks of gestation up to delivery.

    This result measures the body's own LL-37. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  2. 02HumanEndogenous levelRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    Prenatal vitamin D3 supplementation did not increase LL‑37 peptide levels in the extracellular fluid of cord blood macrophages, with or without TLR4 ligand induction, versus placebo.

    In plain wordsVitamin D given to pregnant women did not raise the body's own LL‑37 released by the newborn's macrophages, compared with placebo.

    Peptide
    LL-37
    Outcome
    No significant changeLL-37 peptide level in extracellular fluid of macrophages
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    VitD₃ supplementation did not increase LL-37 peptide levels in plasma or in the extracellular fluid of macrophages with or without TLR4L induction.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Healthy pregnant women (n 129) attending a clinic in Dhaka were randomised to receive either a weekly oral dose of 0·875 mg vitD₃ or placebo starting from 26 weeks of gestation up to delivery.

    This result measures the body's own LL-37. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  3. 03HumanEndogenous levelRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    Prenatal vitamin D3 supplementation significantly reduced the stimulated:unstimulated ratio of intracellular LL‑37 expression in cord blood macrophages versus placebo.

    In plain wordsVitamin D given to pregnant women lowered the body's own LL‑37 stored in the newborn's activated macrophages, compared with placebo.

    Peptide
    LL-37
    Outcome
    DecreaseStimulated intracellular LL-37 expression in macrophages (stimulated:unstimulated ratio)
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    However, stimulated intracellular LL-37 expression (ratio of stimulated:unstimulated MDM) was significantly reduced in the vitamin D group v. placebo (P=0·02).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Healthy pregnant women (n 129) attending a clinic in Dhaka were randomised to receive either a weekly oral dose of 0·875 mg vitD₃ or placebo starting from 26 weeks of gestation up to delivery.

    This result measures the body's own LL-37. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  4. 04HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In cord blood macrophages after stimulation, intracellular LL‑37 peptide concentration was inversely associated with serum 25(OH)D concentration after multivariate adjustment.

    In plain wordsHigher vitamin D levels in cord blood were linked to lower natural LL‑37 inside activated macrophages.

    Peptide
    LL-37
    Outcome
    DecreaseAssociation of intracellular LL-37 with serum 25(OH)D
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Multivariate-adjusted analyses showed that intracellular LL-37 peptide concentration from stimulated MDM was inversely associated with 25(OH)D concentration in serum (P=0·03).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Healthy pregnant women (n 129) attending a clinic in Dhaka were randomised to receive either a weekly oral dose of 0·875 mg vitD₃ or placebo starting from 26 weeks of gestation up to delivery.

    This result measures the body's own LL-37. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone1

In this study, LL-37 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking LL-37.

  1. 05HumanNot a test of LL-37 aloneRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    Prenatal vitamin D3 supplementation did not change the ex vivo bactericidal capacity of cord blood macrophages versus placebo.

    In plain wordsVitamin D given to pregnant women did not change how well the newborn's macrophages killed bacteria in the lab, compared with placebo.

    Peptide
    LL-37
    Outcome
    No significant changeEx vivo bactericidal capacity of cord blood macrophages
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Infection and antimicrobial activity · Infection

    Source sentences

    Summary
    there was no difference in killing capacity between the two groups.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Healthy pregnant women (n 129) attending a clinic in Dhaka were randomised to receive either a weekly oral dose of 0·875 mg vitD₃ or placebo starting from 26 weeks of gestation up to delivery.

    In this study, LL-37 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking LL-37.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 3Current

    9 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 2

    9 Oct 2026, 03:03 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 02:57 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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