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Study · Randomized controlled trial · 2014

6 results

Oxytocin makes females, but not males, less forgiving following betrayal of trust.

Yao S, Zhao W, Cheng R, Geng Y, Luo L, Kendrick KM

The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology11 Jun 2014Cited by 52 (Europe PMC)

PMID24916520 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1017/s146114571400090x (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-24916520
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study6

6 results from studies that gave the peptide. 6 results from people.

  1. 01HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In a revised trust game, intranasal oxytocin had no overall effect on trust restoration compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn a trust game, oxytocin nasal spray had no overall effect on restoring trust compared with placebo.

    Peptide
    Oxytocin
    Outcome
    No significant changeOverall trust restoration
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Cognition and memory · Mental health and mood
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intranasalAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The results showed that although oxytocin had no overall effect on modulating trust restoration, it did have a significant gender specific effect.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In the current double-blind, between-subjects, placebo-controlled design study, two repair strategies were used to examine the effect of intranasal oxytocin administration on modulating trust restoration in a revised trust game.
  2. 02HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In female participants, intranasal oxytocin reduced trust repair compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn women, oxytocin nasal spray led to less restored trust after betrayal than placebo.

    Peptide
    Oxytocin
    Outcome
    DecreaseTrust repair in females
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Cognition and memory · Mental health and mood
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intranasalAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Female subjects showed less evidence for trust repair in the oxytocin compared with the placebo treatment group.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In the current double-blind, between-subjects, placebo-controlled design study, two repair strategies were used to examine the effect of intranasal oxytocin administration on modulating trust restoration in a revised trust game.
  3. 03HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In male participants, intranasal oxytocin did not reduce trust repair, unlike in females.

    In plain wordsIn men, oxytocin nasal spray did not reduce restored trust after betrayal, unlike in women.

    Peptide
    Oxytocin
    Outcome
    No significant changeTrust repair in males
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Cognition and memory · Mental health and mood
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intranasalAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Title
    Oxytocin makes females, but not males, less forgiving following betrayal of trust.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In the current double-blind, between-subjects, placebo-controlled design study, two repair strategies were used to examine the effect of intranasal oxytocin administration on modulating trust restoration in a revised trust game.
  4. 04HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In female participants, the oxytocin effect on reduced trust repair was most evident after attempted repair with financial compensation.

    In plain wordsIn women, the reduced trust repair with oxytocin was clearest when repair was attempted with money.

    Peptide
    Oxytocin
    Outcome
    DecreaseTrust repair in females after financial compensation
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Cognition and memory · Mental health and mood
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intranasalAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Interestingly, this gender specific effect was more evident in the context of attempted trust repair using financial compensation.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In the current double-blind, between-subjects, placebo-controlled design study, two repair strategies were used to examine the effect of intranasal oxytocin administration on modulating trust restoration in a revised trust game.
  5. 05HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In females with high trait forgiveness, the oxytocin effect of reduced trust repair also extended to apology alone and no compensation conditions.

    In plain wordsIn women with a forgiving nature, oxytocin also reduced restored trust after an apology alone or no compensation.

    Peptide
    Oxytocin
    Outcome
    DecreaseTrust repair in high-forgiveness females after apology alone or no compensation
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Cognition and memory · Mental health and mood
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intranasalAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    However, it also extended to both apology alone and no compensation conditions, but not to the fair one, in females exhibiting high trait forgiveness.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In the current double-blind, between-subjects, placebo-controlled design study, two repair strategies were used to examine the effect of intranasal oxytocin administration on modulating trust restoration in a revised trust game.
  6. 06HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In females with high trait forgiveness, the oxytocin effect on trust repair did not extend to the fair compensation condition.

    In plain wordsIn women with a forgiving nature, oxytocin did not reduce restored trust after a fair offer.

    Peptide
    Oxytocin
    Outcome
    No significant changeTrust repair in high-forgiveness females after fair compensation
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Cognition and memory · Mental health and mood
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intranasalAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    However, it also extended to both apology alone and no compensation conditions, but not to the fair one, in females exhibiting high trait forgiveness.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In the current double-blind, between-subjects, placebo-controlled design study, two repair strategies were used to examine the effect of intranasal oxytocin administration on modulating trust restoration in a revised trust game.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    11 Oct 2026, 01:30 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 02:49 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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